In semiarid areas, cereal crops often alocate more biomass to root at the expense of aboveground yield. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate carbon consumption of roots and its impact on grain yield of spring...In semiarid areas, cereal crops often alocate more biomass to root at the expense of aboveground yield. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate carbon consumption of roots and its impact on grain yield of spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） as affected by water and phosphorus （P） supply. A factorial design was used with six treatments namely two water regimes （at 80–75% and 50–45% ifeld capacity （FC）） and three P supply rates （P1=0, P2=44 and P3=109 μg P g–1 soil）. At shooting and lfowering stages, root respiration and carbon consumption increased with the elevate of P supply rates, regardless of water conditions, which achieved the minimum and maximum at P1 under 50–45% FC and P3 under 80–75% FC, respectively. However, total aboveground biomass and grain yield were higher at P2 under 80–75% FC; and decreased with high P application （P3）. The results indicated that rational or low P supply （80–75% of ifeld water capacity and 44 mg P kg–1 soil） should be recommended to improve grain yield by decreasing root carbon consumption in semiarid areas.展开更多
Biosolids were applied with urea to produce a granulated organo-mineral fertiliser (OMF) for application by farm fertiliser equipment to a range of agricultural crops. The recommended rates of nitrogen, phosphate and ...Biosolids were applied with urea to produce a granulated organo-mineral fertiliser (OMF) for application by farm fertiliser equipment to a range of agricultural crops. The recommended rates of nitrogen, phosphate and potash were calculated for the test crops using “The Fertiliser Manual”, which assesses the nutrient requirement based on previous cropping, rainfall and soil index. The OMF produced similar crop yields compared to ammonium nitrate fertiliser when applied as a top-dressing to winter wheat, forage maize and grass cut for silage in the cropping years 2010 to 2014. In 2012 the grain yield of spring barley top-dressed with OMF was significantly lower than the conventional fertiliser treatment, due to dry conditions following application. For this reason it is recommended that OMF is incorporated into the seedbed for spring sown crops and The Safe Sludge Matrix guidelines followed. The experimental work presented shows that OMF can be used in sustainable crop production systems as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus for a range of agricultural crops.展开更多
Fertilization management to improve quality properties of spring wheat cultivars has received little research attention inNortheast China. In this study, the effects of different fertilization management regimes on th...Fertilization management to improve quality properties of spring wheat cultivars has received little research attention inNortheast China. In this study, the effects of different fertilization management regimes on the quality properties of springwheat cultivar New Kehan 9 (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated for two years. The results showed that fertilizationconsistently increased wheat yield, and the highest yield was obtained with addition of N, P and NPK fertilizers. The NPKtreatment resulted in 50% more yield than the unfertilized plot. The average increases in protein content from NPK and NP atseeding + N at anthesis over no fertilization and NP fertilizers at seeding were 2.7% and 0.90% respectively. The highestprotein yields were achieved in NPK and NPK + N treatments, and the lowest protein yield was observed in the no fertilizertreatment due to both low protein content and grain yield. Fertilization increased gliadins content, but decreased gluteninscontent, thus the gliadins/glutenins ratios were higher in the fertilization treatments. The most obvious effect of fertilizationon kernel quality was the significant increase of hardness percentage. Although the dough rheological properties werenot strongly changed by fertilization, dry gluten and wet gluten were significantly increased, and the highest breadvolume and bread score were found in the NPK treatment in both years. The application of 3% urea at anthesis, or applying45 kg ha-1 of potassium sulphate at seeding, with urea and diammonium phosphate as basal applications, significantlyincreased protein yield and improved quality properties of this wheat cultivar.Key words: Fertilization, Yield, Protein contents, Protein fractions, Quality, Spring Wheat展开更多
为提高新疆旱地春小麦产量及水分利用效率,筛选出适宜的播种方式,采用单因素随机区组试验,设置传统平作(T1)、起垄沟播(T2)、起垄覆膜沟播(T3)3个播种方式,研究不同播种方式下旱地的土壤含水量及春小麦的叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI...为提高新疆旱地春小麦产量及水分利用效率,筛选出适宜的播种方式,采用单因素随机区组试验,设置传统平作(T1)、起垄沟播(T2)、起垄覆膜沟播(T3)3个播种方式,研究不同播种方式下旱地的土壤含水量及春小麦的叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、干物质量、产量,并进一步比较土壤贮水量、耗水量及水分利用效率等。结果表明,在抽穗期之前,T2和T3处理均可显著增加旱地春小麦的LAI和干物质量;在抽穗期之后,T3处理较T2和T1处理更有利于提高旱地春小麦的LAI和干物质量。同时,T3处理可显著提高拔节期土壤0—80 cm土层的含水量和贮水量,分别较T2、T1处理显著提高32.09%、34.64%和38.20%、38.85%;T3处理降低了播种—拔节期土壤耗水量,增加了拔节期—收获期的土壤耗水量,有利于植株中、后期的生长发育。T3处理可提高旱地春小麦的有效穗数、单穗粒数、籽粒产量、水分利用效率和降水利用效率,其中产量最高为2474.43 kg·hm^(-2),较T1、T2处理分别显著增加50.13%和50.47%;水分利用效率和降水利用效率分别显著提高48.99%、51.02%和49.41%、50.15%。综上所述,起垄覆膜沟播有利于小麦增产和水分高效利用,为新疆旱地春小麦蓄水保墒和高产高效提供了理论依据及技术参考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31300328, 31200335, 31470496)the "111" Program from State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA) & Ministry of Education (MOE), China (2007B051)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (lzujbky-2012-97, lzujbky-2015-ct02, lzujbky-2016-86)the funding from the State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem in Lanzhou University, China
文摘In semiarid areas, cereal crops often alocate more biomass to root at the expense of aboveground yield. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate carbon consumption of roots and its impact on grain yield of spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） as affected by water and phosphorus （P） supply. A factorial design was used with six treatments namely two water regimes （at 80–75% and 50–45% ifeld capacity （FC）） and three P supply rates （P1=0, P2=44 and P3=109 μg P g–1 soil）. At shooting and lfowering stages, root respiration and carbon consumption increased with the elevate of P supply rates, regardless of water conditions, which achieved the minimum and maximum at P1 under 50–45% FC and P3 under 80–75% FC, respectively. However, total aboveground biomass and grain yield were higher at P2 under 80–75% FC; and decreased with high P application （P3）. The results indicated that rational or low P supply （80–75% of ifeld water capacity and 44 mg P kg–1 soil） should be recommended to improve grain yield by decreasing root carbon consumption in semiarid areas.
基金the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation (NKBRSF) of China (No.G2000018603)and the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China (No.2002AA2Z4191).
文摘Biosolids were applied with urea to produce a granulated organo-mineral fertiliser (OMF) for application by farm fertiliser equipment to a range of agricultural crops. The recommended rates of nitrogen, phosphate and potash were calculated for the test crops using “The Fertiliser Manual”, which assesses the nutrient requirement based on previous cropping, rainfall and soil index. The OMF produced similar crop yields compared to ammonium nitrate fertiliser when applied as a top-dressing to winter wheat, forage maize and grass cut for silage in the cropping years 2010 to 2014. In 2012 the grain yield of spring barley top-dressed with OMF was significantly lower than the conventional fertiliser treatment, due to dry conditions following application. For this reason it is recommended that OMF is incorporated into the seedbed for spring sown crops and The Safe Sludge Matrix guidelines followed. The experimental work presented shows that OMF can be used in sustainable crop production systems as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus for a range of agricultural crops.
文摘Fertilization management to improve quality properties of spring wheat cultivars has received little research attention inNortheast China. In this study, the effects of different fertilization management regimes on the quality properties of springwheat cultivar New Kehan 9 (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated for two years. The results showed that fertilizationconsistently increased wheat yield, and the highest yield was obtained with addition of N, P and NPK fertilizers. The NPKtreatment resulted in 50% more yield than the unfertilized plot. The average increases in protein content from NPK and NP atseeding + N at anthesis over no fertilization and NP fertilizers at seeding were 2.7% and 0.90% respectively. The highestprotein yields were achieved in NPK and NPK + N treatments, and the lowest protein yield was observed in the no fertilizertreatment due to both low protein content and grain yield. Fertilization increased gliadins content, but decreased gluteninscontent, thus the gliadins/glutenins ratios were higher in the fertilization treatments. The most obvious effect of fertilizationon kernel quality was the significant increase of hardness percentage. Although the dough rheological properties werenot strongly changed by fertilization, dry gluten and wet gluten were significantly increased, and the highest breadvolume and bread score were found in the NPK treatment in both years. The application of 3% urea at anthesis, or applying45 kg ha-1 of potassium sulphate at seeding, with urea and diammonium phosphate as basal applications, significantlyincreased protein yield and improved quality properties of this wheat cultivar.Key words: Fertilization, Yield, Protein contents, Protein fractions, Quality, Spring Wheat
文摘为提高新疆旱地春小麦产量及水分利用效率,筛选出适宜的播种方式,采用单因素随机区组试验,设置传统平作(T1)、起垄沟播(T2)、起垄覆膜沟播(T3)3个播种方式,研究不同播种方式下旱地的土壤含水量及春小麦的叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、干物质量、产量,并进一步比较土壤贮水量、耗水量及水分利用效率等。结果表明,在抽穗期之前,T2和T3处理均可显著增加旱地春小麦的LAI和干物质量;在抽穗期之后,T3处理较T2和T1处理更有利于提高旱地春小麦的LAI和干物质量。同时,T3处理可显著提高拔节期土壤0—80 cm土层的含水量和贮水量,分别较T2、T1处理显著提高32.09%、34.64%和38.20%、38.85%;T3处理降低了播种—拔节期土壤耗水量,增加了拔节期—收获期的土壤耗水量,有利于植株中、后期的生长发育。T3处理可提高旱地春小麦的有效穗数、单穗粒数、籽粒产量、水分利用效率和降水利用效率,其中产量最高为2474.43 kg·hm^(-2),较T1、T2处理分别显著增加50.13%和50.47%;水分利用效率和降水利用效率分别显著提高48.99%、51.02%和49.41%、50.15%。综上所述,起垄覆膜沟播有利于小麦增产和水分高效利用,为新疆旱地春小麦蓄水保墒和高产高效提供了理论依据及技术参考。
