RNA干扰技术对Hep-2细胞表皮生长因子受体表达的抑制作用及诱导凋亡

表皮生长因子受体（epithelial growth factor receptor,EGFR）是广泛表达于上皮源性肿瘤细胞膜上的一类跨膜糖蛋白,与肿瘤的增殖、转移和凋亡密切相关。本文通过构建EGFR基因的siRNA表达载体,观察抑制人Hep-2喉鳞状细胞癌（简称喉癌）细胞株EGFR的表达及诱导凋亡情况,为喉癌的基因治疗提供一定的基础理论依据。

晚期上颌窦鳞癌432例临床治疗分析

为总结临床采用不同方法治疗晚期上颌窦鳞癌的经验，对资料完整的４３２例病人进行回顾性分析。Ⅲ期１４１例，Ⅳ期２９１例，男２４４例，女１８８例，年龄１４～８７岁。选用放疗、手术及放疗＋手术的综合治疗。结果：５年生存率分别是，放疗组１５．６％，手术组２１．７％，综合治疗组４０．１％（其中术前放疗者为４０％，术后放疗者为４３％），放疗剂量选择４０Ｇｙ和６０Ｇｙ者分别为４１．５％和４１．９％，侵犯上方结构者３１．７％，下方结构者４６．６％，上下均受侵者２０．０％。治疗失败者２３８例，有１９８例为局部复发。结论：晚期上颌窦癌多以面部肿胀，疼痛，鼻腔异常分泌物，鼻塞为首发症状。ＣＴ用于该病的诊断和分期是值得信赖的，治疗以计划性的综合治疗效果最好，选择术前或术后放疗方式以及术前或术后放疗剂量选择４０Ｇｙ和６０Ｇｙ，对生存率均无明显影响，肿瘤侵犯下方结构者预后明显好于侵犯上方结构和上、下均侵及者，有效地控制局部复发是上颌窦癌治疗成功的关键。

半胱氨酸蛋白酶激动剂、X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3在鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌中的表达

现代肿瘤学认为肿瘤的发病与细胞凋亡数量的减少密切相关,第二个线粒体衍生的半胱氨酸蛋白酶激动剂（second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase,Smac）、X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白（X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein,XIAP）、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3（cysteine containing aspartate specific protease,caspase-3）在细胞凋亡过程中起着重要的调控及效应作用。本研究采用免疫组化方法观察三者在鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌（nasal squamous cellcarcinoma,NSCC）及不同病理分期中的表达情况。

Current understanding of the functional roles of aberrantly expressed micro RNAs in esophageal cancer

The incidence of esophageal cancer is rising,mostly because the increasing incidence of esophageal adenocarcino main Western countries.Despit eimprovements in diagnosis and treatment,the overall5-year survival rates remain low.Micro RNAs(mi RNAs)are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the expression of target genes.Recently,disease specific mi RNAs have been identified,which act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes.In this review,we will summarize the current knowledge about the function of aberrantly expressed mi RNAs in esophageal cancer.We selected 5 mi RNAs(mi RNA-21,-143,-145,-196a and let-7)based on the available literature,and described their potential role in regulating pathways that are deregulated in esophageal cancer.Finally we will highlight the current achievements of using and targeting mi RNAs.Because these mi RNAs likely have important regulatory roles in cancer development,they open a therapeutic window for new treatment modalities.

Study on RIZ1 gene promoter methylation status in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM： To investigate the promoter region methylation status of retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger gene 1 （RIZ1） in the human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） cell lines and tissues and verify the relationship between methylation of RIZ1 and oncogen- esis, tumor progression and metastasis etc of ESCC. METHODS： Methylation-specific polymerase chain reac- tion （MSP） was used to investigate the promoter region methylation status of RIZ1 in 6 ESCC cell lines. One cell line where RIZ1 promoter region methylation was de- tected was selected for the next study, where the cell line was treated with 5-aza-CdR. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate its influence on the transcription of RIZ1. Experiments using frozenpathological specimens from 47 ESCC patients were performed using the same MSP methodology. RESULTS： Promoter methylation of RIZ1 gene was detected in TEl3, CaEs17 and EC109 cell lines and the cell line TEl3 was chosen for further study. The expression of RIZl mRNA in TE-13 was up-regulated after treatment with 5-aza-CdR. The rate of methyla- tion in carcinomas tissues was significantly higher than those in matched neighboring normal and distal ending normal tissue, and the deviation of data was statisti- cally significant （2,2 = 24.136, P 〈 0.01）. Analysis of the gender, age familial history, tumour deviation, tumour saturation, lymph gland displacement and clinical stag- ing of 47 samples from ESCC patients showed that the fluctuation of data was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION： Promoter methylation may play an im- portant role in the epigenetic silencing of RIZ1 gene expression in human ESCC. RIZ1 is considered to be a potential tumor suppressor gene and may be a biologi- cal parameter for testing early stage human ESCC.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CYCLIN G1 AND HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS INFECTION IN CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA AND CERVICAL CARCINOMA

Objective To evaluate the overexpression of cyclin G1 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （CIN） and cervical carcinoma, and the correlation between cyclin G1 and high-risk human papilloma virus （HPV） infection. Methods All of the specimens were obtained from the Department of Pathology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2000 to August 2004. We detected the expression of cyclin G1 with immunohistochemistry, HPV16/18 infection with in situ hybridization, and high-risk HPV infection with Hybrid capture system Ⅱ （HC-Ⅱ） in normal group （25 cases）, CIN Ⅰ （48 cases）, CIN Ⅱ （56 cases）, CIN Ⅲ（54 cases）, and invasive cervical squamous-cell carcinoma （SCC, 31 cases）. Results The positive rates of cyclin G1 expression in CIN（77.85% ）and SCC cervical tissues （87. 10% ） were significantly higher than normal （ 8.00%, P 〈 0. 01 ）, and the intensities of cyclin G1 expression in CIN（40. 60% ） and SCC cervical tissues （61.51%） were significantly higher than normal （2. 72%, P 〈0.05）. The positive rates and intensities of cyclin G1 expression increased gradually with the grade of cervical lesions. High-risk HPV infection rates were higher in CIN and SCC than normal groups （P 〈 0.05 ）. There was a positive correlation between cyclin G1 expression and high-risk HPV infection detected with HC-Ⅱ （Kendall＇s tau-b =0. 316, 0. 269, 0. 352, and 0. 474 in CIN Ⅰ, CIN Ⅱ, CIN Ⅲ, and SCC, respectively, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions Cyclin G1 is overexpressed in CIN and SCC. Cyclin G1 may be a biomarker for detecting CIN and SCC. Cyclin G1 may play an important role in the oncogenesis of CIN and SCC by high-risk HPV infection.

Over-the-scope clip to close a gastrocutaneous fistula after esophagectomy

Over-the-scope clip(OTSC) system is becoming a new reliable technique which is available for the endoscopic closure of fistulas, bleeding, perforations and so on. We describe the case of a patient with a nonhealing gastrocutaneous fistula after esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma which was successfully closed using an OTSC system. This is the first report of the use of OTSC to treat a nonhealing gastrocutaneous fistula successfully after esophagectomy. We believe our experience will give such patients an ideal way to cure the fistula without suffering too much and also explore new application of OTSC.

头颈部鳞癌淋巴结微转移研究进展

结微转移的研究现状作一综述。恶性肿瘤的转移可分为3个阶段:微转移、过渡转移、转移灶形成。肿瘤微转移用常规检查方法如CT、MRI、单抗放射显影技术、普通病理检查等都很难发现。如何早期预防和发现微转移是当前研究恶性肿瘤以提高生存率,改善预后的热点之一。