美标碳素钢SS钢轨成分及轧制工艺优化

通过60E1和115RE断面钢轨对比,优化钢轨化学成分,采取窄成分控制,提高C含量,控制Mn、Cr元素含量,优化轧制工艺,小批量生产了60E1断面SS钢轨,钢轨性能达到R_(p0.2)≥512 MPa,R_(m)≥982 MPa,A≥10%,踏面硬度(HB)≥310。小批量工业生产实践证明,60E1断面SS钢轨生产工艺顺行,性能稳定,满足用户需要,可以扩量生产。

基于ICEEMDAN和分布熵的SS-Y伸缩仪信号随机噪声压制方法

结合改进的自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(ICEEMDAN)与分布熵(DistEn),提出一种无需自定义算法参数、去噪效果较好的伸缩仪信号随机噪声压制方法。首先将伸缩仪信号进行ICEEMDAN处理,得到若干个本征模态函数(IMF);然后计算各IMF分量的分布熵值,根据不同分布熵值的大小和表征的分量信号混乱程度,有针对性地对各IMF进行取舍;最后进行线性重构。设计仿真信号去噪实验和SS-Y伸缩仪信号去噪实验,结果表明,基于ICEEMDAN-DistEn去噪模型的伸缩仪信号重构还原度较好,去噪效果显著,明显优于CEEMDAN-DistEn、小波去噪和卡尔曼滤波等去噪模型。

灰毡毛忍冬SS基因的克隆及表达分析

[目的]克隆灰毡毛忍冬SS基因全长序列,并进行生物信息学和表达模式分析。[方法]提取灰毡毛忍冬花总RNA,通过RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆LmSS基因的全长cDNA序列;运用相关软件对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析;利用qRT-PCR测定灰毡毛忍冬茎、叶和不同花期花中该基因的相对表达量。[结果]克隆的LmSS基因开放阅读框(ORF)长度为1245 bp,编码414个氨基酸,属于亲水性蛋白,定位于细胞质中,具有典型的多聚异戊二烯基合成酶活性结构域,与其他植物SS基因具有较高同源性。LmSS基因在灰毡毛忍冬不同花期和器官中表达有组织特异性。[结论]该研究成功地克隆灰毡毛忍冬中的SS基因,为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定基础,同时为探究灰毡毛忍冬皂苷生物合成和调节机制提供了科学依据。

T6SS阳性CRKP临床感染特征及毒力基因分析

目的分析T6SS阳性耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)临床感染特征,以及其耐药、毒力基因检出率和生物膜形成能力,为临床防控CRKP感染提供参考数据。方法收集2019年1月—2022年12月安徽某三甲医院临床分离的CRKP菌株及患者资料,PCR法检测T6SS基因、毒力基因、耐药基因和分子分型,96孔板结晶紫染色法检测生物膜形成能力。结果共纳入160株CRKP。标本来源以痰(46.9%)和血(26.3%)为主。CRKP菌株呈现多重耐药表型,以携带bla KPC(80.6%)为主,其次为bla NDM(17.5%)。根据是否携带T6SS将CRKP分为T6SS阳性组(129株,80.6%)和T6SS阴性组(31株,19.4%)。T6SS阳性组患者患慢性肺部疾病和心脏疾病比例高于T6SS阴性组(P<0.05),且预后较阴性组差(P<0.05)。T6SS阳性组中,iuc A、mrk D、rmp A2、peg 344、wab G、fim H检出率均高于T6SS阴性组(均P<0.05)。CRKP中以ST11型(68.8%)为主,其中K64-ST11型占比70.9%,K47-ST11型占比25.5%。T6SS阳性组ST11型和K64-ST11型CRKP占比均高于T6SS阴性组(均P<0.05)。T6SS阳性组CRKP生物膜形成能力强于T6SS阴性组(P<0.001)。两组除bla OXA-48基因外,在携带其他碳青霉烯类耐药基因和抗菌药物耐药率方面差异无统计学意义。结论该地区CRKP呈现多重耐药,CRKP菌株T6SS检出率高,T6SS阳性CRKP毒力基因检出率更高,且生物膜形成能力更强。

SS-OCT在角膜成像中的应用进展

成像技术的进步彻底改变了眼科领域,改变了我们对眼科疾病的理解、诊断和治疗。扫频源光学相干断层扫描(SS-OCT)是一种最新的非接触式高分辨率成像技术。它进一步提高了成像深度和扫描速度,增加了新的算法和功能。SS-OCT允许对角膜结构进行三维评估,提供角膜前、后表面的曲率和高度图以及角膜厚度图。这可以帮助眼科医生筛查和诊断角膜病变,如圆锥角膜、角膜营养不良和变性。SS-OCT更快、更精准和更灵敏的角膜测量有助于对即将进行角膜和屈光手术的患者做好术前计划和术后监测。文章总结SS-OCT技术的发展及其在角膜疾病中潜在的临床效用与在手术中的应用进展,以支持更多未来可能的研究和临床治疗。

Effects of elafibranor on liver fibrosis and gut barrier function in a mouse model of alcohol-associated liver disease

BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality,but there are no therapeutic targets and modalities to prevent ALD-related liver fibrosis.Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor(PPAR)α and δ play a key role in lipid metabolism and intestinal barrier homeostasis,which are major contributors to the pathological progression of ALD.Meanwhile,elafibranor(EFN),which is a dual PPARαand PPARδagonist,has reached a phase III clinical trial for the treatment of metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease and primary biliary cholangitis.However,the benefits of EFN for ALD treatment is unknown.AIM To evaluate the inhibitory effects of EFN on liver fibrosis and gut-intestinal barrier dysfunction in an ALD mouse model.METHODS ALD-related liver fibrosis was induced in female C57BL/6J mice by feeding a 2.5% ethanol(EtOH)-containing Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet and intraperitoneally injecting carbon tetrachloride thrice weekly(1 mL/kg)for 8 weeks.EFN(3 and 10 mg/kg/day)was orally administered during the experimental period.Histological and molecular analyses were performed to assess the effect of EFN on steatohepatitis,fibrosis,and intestinal barrier integrity.The EFN effects on HepG2 lipotoxicity and Caco-2 barrier function were evaluated by cell-based assays.RESULTS The hepatic steatosis,apoptosis,and fibrosis in the ALD mice model were significantly attenuated by EFN treatment.EFN promoted lipolysis and β-oxidation and enhanced autophagic and antioxidant capacities in EtOH-stimulated HepG2 cells,primarily through PPARαactivation.Moreover,EFN inhibited the Kupffer cell-mediated inflammatory response,with blunted hepatic exposure to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and toll like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling.EFN improved intestinal hyperpermeability by restoring tight junction proteins and autophagy and by inhibiting apoptosis and proinflammatory responses.The protective effect on intestinal barrier function in the EtOH-stimulated Caco-2 cells was predominantly mediated by PPARδ activation.CONCLUSION EFN reduced ALD-related fibrosis by inhibiting lipid accumulation and apoptosis,enhancing hepatocyte autophagic and antioxidant capacities,and suppressing LPS/TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses by restoring intestinal barrier function.

Association between physical activity and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Lifestyle plays an important role in preventing and managing gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).In response to the conflicting results in previous studies,we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate this association.Methods:Relevant studies published until January 2023 were retrieved from 6 databases,and the prevalence of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux(GER)or GERD was determined from the original studies.A random effects model was employed to meta-analyze the association by computing the pooled relative risk(RR)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs).Furthermore,subgroup and dose-response analyses were performed to explore subgroup differences and the association between cumulative physical activity(PA)time and GERD.Results:This meta-analysis included 33 studies comprising 242,850 participants.A significant negative association was observed between PA and the prevalence of symptomatic GER(RR=0.74,95%CI:0.66-0.83;p<0.01)or GERD(RR=0.80,95%CI:0.76-0.84;p<0.01),suggesting that engaging in PA might confer a protective benefit against GERD.Subgroup analyses consistently indicated the presence of this association across nearly all subgroups,particularly among the older individuals(RR_(<40 years):RR_(≥40 years)=0.85:0.69,p<0.01)and smokers(RR_(smoker):RR_(non-smoker)=0.67:0.82,p=0.03).Furthermore,a dose-response analysis revealed that individuals who engaged in 150 min of PA per week had a 72.09%lower risk of developing GERD.Conclusion:Maintaining high levels of PA decreased the risk of GERD,particularly among older adults and smokers.Meeting the recommended PA level of 150 min per week may significantly decrease the prevalence of GERD.

Alexa,let's train now!——A systematic review and classification approach to digital and home-based physical training interventions aiming to support healthy cognitive aging

Background:There is mounting evidence that regular physical activity is an important prerequisite for healthy cognitive aging.Consequently,the finding that almost one-third of the adult population does not reach the recommended level of regular physical activity calls for further public health actions.In this context,digital and home-based physical training interventions might be a promising alternative to center-based intervention programs.Thus,this systematic review aimed to summarize the current state of the literature on the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on adult cognitive performance.Methods:In this pre-registered systematic review(PROSPERO;ID:CRD42022320031),5 electronic databases(PubMed,Web of Science,Psyclnfo,SPORTDiscus,and Cochrane Library)were searched by 2 independent researchers(FH and PT)to identify eligible studies investigating the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on cognitive performance in adults.The systematic literature search yielded 8258 records(extra17 records from other sources),of which 27 controlled trials were considered relevant.Two reviewers(FH and PT)independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise(TESTEX scale).Results:Of the 27 reviewed studies,15 reported positive effects on cognitive and motor-cognitive outcomes(i.e.,performance improvements in measures of executive functions,working memory,and choice stepping reaction test),and a considerable heterogeneity concerning study-related,population-related,and intervention-related characteristics was noticed.A more detailed analysis suggests that,in particular,interventions using online classes and technology-based exercise devices(i.e.,step-based exergames)can improve cognitive performance in healthy older adults.Approximately one-half of the reviewed studies were rated as having a high risk of bias with respect to completion adherence(≤85%)and monitoring of the level of regular physical activity in the control group.Conclusion:The current state of evidence concerning the effectiveness of digital and home-based physical training interventions is mixed overall,though there is limited evidence that specific types of digital and home-based physical training interventions(e.g.,online classes and step-based exergames)can be an effective strategy for improving cognitive performance in older adults.However,due to the limited number of available studies,future high-quality studies are needed to buttress this assumption empirically and to allow for more solid and nuanced conclusions.

Association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity with incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort study

Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity(PA)with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study.Methods:Altogether,88,000 participants(mean age=62.2±7.9 years,mean±SD)were included from the UK Biobank.Sleep duration(short:<6 h/day;normal:6-8 h/day;long:>8 h/day)and PA of different intensities were measured using a wrist-won accelerometer over a 7-day period between 2013 and 2015.PA was classified according to the median or World Health Organization-recommendation:total volume of PA(high,low),moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)(recommended,not recommended),and light-intensity PA(high,low).Incidence of type 2diabetes was ascertained using hospital records or death registries.Results:During a median follow-up of 7.0 years,1615 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented.Compared with normal sleep duration,short(hazard ratio(HR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.03-1.41)but not long sleep duration(HR=1.01,95%CI:0.89-1.15)was associated with excessive type 2 diabetes risk.This increased risk among short sleepers seems to be protected against by PA.Compared with normal sleepers with high or recommended PA,short sleepers with low volume of PA(HR=1.81,95%CI:1.46-2.25),not recommended(below the World Health Organization-recommended level of)MVPA(HR=1.92,95%CI:1.55-2.36),or low light-intensity PA(HR=1.49,95%CI:1.13-1.90)had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes,while short sleepers with a high volume of PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.88-1.49),recommended MVPA(HR=1.02,95%CI:0.71-1.48),or high light-intensity PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.92-1.41)did not.Conclusion:Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes.A higher level of PA,regardless of intensity,potentially ameliorates this excessive risk.

Association of physical activity with risk of chronic kidney disease in China:A population-based cohort study

Background:Information on the association between physical activity(PA)and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is limited.We aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with CKD and its subtypes in China.Methods:The study included 475,376 adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank aged 30-79 years during 2004-2008 at baseline.An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information about PA,which was quantified as metabolic equivalent of task hours per day(MET-h/day)and categorized into 4 groups based on quartiles.Cox regression was used to analyze the association between PA and CKD risk.Results:During a median follow-up of 12.1 years,5415 incident CKD cases were documented,including 1159 incident diabetic kidney disease(DKD)cases and 362 incident hypertensive nephropathy(HTN)cases.Total PA was inversely associated with CKD risk,with an adjusted hazard ratio(HR,95%confidence interval(95%CI))of 0.83(0.75-0.92)for incident CKD in the highest quartile of total PA as compared with participants in the lowest quartile.Similar results were observed for risk of DKD and HTN,and the corresponding HRs(95%CIs)were 0.75(0.58-0.97)for DKD risk and 0.56(0.37-0.85)for HTN risk.Increased nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were significantly associated with a decreased risk of CKD,with HRs(95%CIs)of 0.80(0.73-0.88),0.85(0.77-0.94),and 0.85(0.76-0.95)in the highest quartile,respectively.Conclusion:PA,including nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA,was inversely associated with the risk of CKD,including DKD,HTN,and other CKD,and such associations were dose dependent.

The association of diet quality and physical activity with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 85,545 older Australians:A longitudinal study

Background:A quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease(CVD)prevention.However,despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health,the 2 behaviors are rarely considered jointly,particularly within the context of CVD prevention.We examined the independent,interactive,and joint associations of diet and physical activity with CVD hospitalization,CVD mortality,and all-cause mortality.Methods:CVD-free Australian participants aged 4574 years(n=85,545)reported physical activity,diet,sociodemographic,and lifestyle characteristics at baseline(20062009)and follow-up(20122015),and data were linked to hospitalization and death registries(03/31/2019 for CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality and 12/08/2017 for CVD mortality).Diet quality was categorized as low,medium,and high based on meeting dietary recommendations.Physical activity was operationalized as(a)total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)as per guidelines,and(b)the composition of MVPA as the ratio of vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)to total MVPA.We used a left-truncated cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model using time-varying covariates.Results:During a median of 10.7 years of follow-up,6576 participants were admitted to the hospital for CVD and 6581 died from all causes(876 from CVD during 9.3 years).A high-quality diet was associated with a 17%lower risk of all-cause mortality than a low-quality diet,and the highest MVPA category(compared with the lowest)was associated with a 44%and 48%lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality,respectively.Multiplicative interactions between diet and physical activity were non-significant.For all outcomes,the lowest risk combinations involved a high-quality diet and the highest MVPA categories.Accounting for total MVPA,some VPA was associated with further risk reduction of CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality.Conclusion:For CVD prevention and longevity,one should adhere to both a healthy diet and an active lifestyle and incorporate some VPA when possible.

偃松PpSS和PpSE基因过表达载体构建

【目的】构建偃松甾醇代谢途径关键基因SS和SE过表达载体,为促进偃松甾醇高效合成奠定基础,为药用偃松遗传改良提供重要基因资源。【方法】以偃松的cDNA为模板,将SS和SE基因克隆至pNC-Cam1304-35s载体;重组质粒通过PCR及测序鉴定正确后,三亲杂交转入根瘤农杆菌LBA4404。【结果】抗性农杆菌PCR产物长度与预期一致,阳性菌液测序结果与目标基因序列相同。【结论】成功构建SS和SE过表达载体,重组载体的获得为进一步挖掘其在偃松甾醇代谢中的调控机制研究奠定了基础。

Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among U.S.adults

Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S.nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older.Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.Body fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past week.After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes.When stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently active.In the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.Conclusion:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S.adults.The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.

Reducing Operation Emissions and Improving Work Efficiency Using a Pure Electric Wheel Drive Tractor

In response to the problems of excessive greenhouse-gas and particulate emissions and the low traction efficiency of conventional diesel tractors in the field,a purely electric wheel-side drive tractor was studied,including an electric motor drive system,a battery ballast system,and an electro–hydraulic suspension system.This paper develops a dynamics model of an electric tractor-ploughing unit under complex soil conditions,leading to the proposal of an active control method for drive wheel torque and a joint control method for the traction force of the suspension system and the front-and rear-axle loads of a tractor.Finally,the tractor is prototyped and assembled,and ploughing tests are carried out.The ploughing results show that the active torque-distribution control method proposed in this study reduces the tractor slip by 14.83%and increases the traction efficiency by 10.28%compared with the average torquedistribution mode.Compared with the conventional traction control mode,the joint control method for traction and ballast proposed in this paper results in a 3.7%increase in traction efficiency,a 15.05%decrease in slip,and a 4.9%reduction in total drive motor energy consumption.This study will help to improve the operation quality and traction efficiency of electric tractors in complex soil conditions.

Interaction between inflammatory bowel disease,physical activity,and myokines:Assessment of serum irisin levels

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,showed a wide spectrum of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations,which rendered the patients physically inactive and impaired their quality of life.It has been found that physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention that improves the quality of life for those patients.Irisin is one member of the myokines secreted by muscle contraction during exercise and could be used as an antiinflammatory biomarker in assessing the physical activity of IBD patients.In addition,experimental studies showed that exogenous irisin significantly decreased the inflammatory markers and the histological changes of the intestinal mucosa observed in experimental colitis.Furthermore,irisin produces changes in the diversity of the microbiota.Therefore,endogenous or exogenous irisin,via its anti-inflammatory effects,will improve the health of IBD patients and will limit the barriers to physical activity in patients with IBD.

An active high-static-low-dynamic-stiffness vibration isolator with adjustable buckling beams:theory and experiment

High-static-low-dynamic-stiffness(HSLDS)vibration isolators with buckling beams have been widely used to isolate external vibrations.An active adjustable device composed of proportion integration(PI)active controllers and piezoelectric actuators is proposed for improving the negative stiffness stroke of buckling beams.A nonlinear output frequency response function is used to analyze the effect of the vibration reduction.The prototype of the active HSLDS device is built,and the verification experiment is conducted.The results show that compared with the traditional HSLDS vibration isolator,the active HSLDS device can broaden the isolation frequency bandwidth,and effectively reduce the resonant amplitude by adjusting the active control parameters.The maximum vibration reduction rate of the active HSLDS vibration isolator can attain 89.9%,and the resonant frequency can be reduced from 31.08 Hz to 13.28 Hz.Therefore,this paper devotes to providing a new design scheme for enhanced HSLDS vibration isolators.

Heterointerface Engineering-Induced Oxygen Defects for the Manganese Dissolution Inhibition in Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

Manganese-based material is a prospective cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)by virtue of its high theoretical capacity,high operating voltage,and low price.However,the manganese dissolution during the electrochemical reaction causes its electrochemical cycling stability to be undesirable.In this work,heterointerface engineering-induced oxygen defects are introduced into heterostructure MnO_(2)(δa-MnO_(2))by in situ electrochemical activation to inhibit manganese dissolution for aqueous zinc ion batteries.Meanwhile,the heterointerface between the disordered amorphous and the crystalline MnO_(2)ofδa-MnO_(2)is decisive for the formation of oxygen defects.And the experimental results indicate that the manganese dissolution ofδa-MnO_(2)is considerably inhibited during the charge/discharge cycle.Theoretical analysis indicates that the oxygen defect regulates the electronic and band structure and the Mn-O bonding state of the electrode material,thereby promoting electron transport kinetics as well as inhibiting Mn dissolution.Consequently,the capacity ofδa-MnO_(2)does not degrade after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.5 Ag^(-1)and also 91%capacity retention after 500cycles at 1 Ag^(-1).This study provides a promising insight into the development of high-performance manganese-based cathode materials through a facile and low-cost strategy.

利用VMD-SSA-LSTM的电离层总电子含量预报研究

针对太阳活动影响下机器学习模型对电离层总电子含量(TEC)短期预报精度不高的问题,本文提出了一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)、麻雀搜索算法(SSA)、长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)的组合模型(VMD-SSA-LSTM),以期提高TEC短期预报精度。利用VMD算法对不同时期太阳活动程度影响下的东、西半球TEC格网点数据分解,利用SSA优化LSTM模型,将分解的TEC样本分量及模型最优初始权值和阈值输入到LSTM模型中,将分量预测序列合并重构,得到电离层TEC预测值。实验表明:VMD-SSA-LSTM组合模型在东、西半球太阳活动强烈、适中、较弱时期的均方根误差分别为0.77、0.56、0.69;0.92、0.76、0.73个TECu,平均绝对误差平均值分别为0.69、0.47、0.56;0.79、0.65、0.58个TECu,平均相对精度分别达到94%、94%、93%;93%、91%、91%以上,残差绝对值分布在0~1个TECu的比例均值分别为75.56%、96.11%、85%;74.44%、80.55%、78.33%,较VMD-LSTM、LSTM两种模型预报精度有显著提升。

基于改进LSSVM算法的柔性飞机起落架智能半主动控制技术

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110SS油管钢在高酸性气藏环境下的腐蚀行为

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