A Review on China’s Transportation Development Theory from the Perspective of Regional Economics

Transportation is the lifeline of human civilization and an important component of the infrastructure for economic growth.As transportation is closely related to regional economic development,the summarization of China's transportation development theory from the perspective of regional economics will be conducive to clarifying the relationships between transportation and regional economic development and providing basic theoretical support for regional economic research and policy application.From the perspective of regional economics,China’s transportation development theory falls into two categories:transportation resource allocations,and the interactions between transportation and economic development.In recent years,there has been a trend toward the integration of transportation development research with regional economic growth,and a deeper understanding of the relationships between them has been achieved.

信息数字化时代SPSS软件在运输企业经济管理中的应用

为了分析调查信息数字化时代SPSS软件在运输企业经济管理中的应用。针对运输企业的经济管理内容,应用电子技术手段,在运输企业的管理经济中采取SPSS软件手段进行管理。结果显示,在运输企业经济管理中应用SPSS软件之后,不仅改进企业管理手段,提升企业经济管理效率,使得企业的经济水平提升了30%;使得企业经济管理中的风险降低60%。SPSS软件在运输企业经济管理中的应用,使得企业经济管理手段更加完善,具有实际的应用价值。

Understanding Relationship Between Accessibility and Economic Growth:A Case Study from China(1990–2010)

China′s economy and transport infrastructure have both experienced rapid development since 1978, and especially since 1990. Today, China is the second-largest economic entity in terms of GDP and has the largest high-speed rail(HSR) network and the second-largest expressway network in the world. This paper explores the relationship between accessibility and economic growth in China from 1990 to 2010. In the study, the basic research units include 333 prefecture-level cities and four municipalities. We explore a bivariate analysis framework of accessibility and economic growth, and their increase rates, to examine this relationship using long-term panel data. The results indicate that, first, accessibility and economic growth show a significant positive relationship using both cross-section and panel data, while the increase rate in accessibility and GDP indicate no significant relationship using cross-section data and a poor significant relationship using panel data. Second, the distributions of local advantage are uneven. Cities with low local advantage with respect to accessibility and GDP are mainly located in China′s eastern coastal region or the provincial capitals, while those with low local advantage in terms of their increase rates are located in the western region. Third, as China′s economic growth and transport networks have evolved, the distribution of local advantage shows little change in terms of accessibility and GDP, but a greater change in terms of their increase rates, which is largely influenced by the distribution of expressway and HSR networks.

Regional container transportation system for Northeast Asia economic cooperation in the 21^(st) century

In this paper, the roles of infrastructure development and transportation coordination for Northeast Asian economic cooperation are discussed. It would be necessary to establish an efficient transportation network as soon as possible. 'Hub-and-Spoke'transportation system and China-Korean peninsula railway container transportation system might be more significant for regional economic cooperation.

Hub-and-Spoke System in Air Transportation and Its Implications to Regional Economic Development——A Case Study of United States

Considerable changes have taken place in commercial passenger air transport since the enactment of the 1978 Airline Deregulation Act in the US and the deregulation of airline networks that has occurred elsewhere. The commercial and operational freedoms have led most of the larger carriers to develop hub-and-spoke networks, within which certain cities or metropolitan areas emerge as key nodes possessing tremendous advantages over other locations in the air transport system. This paper examines the nature of hub-and-spoke operations in air transportation services, and the benefits that accrue to a city or geographical region that is host to an airline hub. In particular, it looks into linkages between the air service hub and local economic development. Four potential types of impact of airports on the regional economy are defined and discussed. As an example, the assessment of the economic impacts of Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG), a major Delta Airlines hub, is introduced.

Gradient effect of road transportation on economic development in different geomorphic regions

The economic benefits of transport infrastructure investment have been widely accepted.However,the varying influence of road transport development across vertical space has rarely been discussed.Taking Sichuan province in China as case study area where the landform is diverse and complex,administrative counties were categorized into 4 main types:plain counties,hill counties,mountain counties,and plateau counties.Using statistical data during 2006-2014,theperformanceofeconomic development and transport construction level in the four types of counties are discussed.Subsequently,the heterogeneous effect of each grade road on economy was calculated by local regression model(GWR).The results indicate that plain counties largely surpassed the other geomorphic counties in economic development level,while the gradient gap among them was on the decline.Similarly,distribution of transport infrastructure presented a decreasing trend from the low plain counties to high plateau counties.Regional imbalances were mainly reflected in the County road and Village road.Regarding the changes of regional gaps,National&Provincial roads and County roads were constantly expanding,whereas the disparity of Village road was slowly narrowing over time.Particularly noteworthy was the non-stationary economic influence of traffic factors across vertical gradients.On average,National&Provincial roads generated higher benefits in the high elevation regions than the lowlands.In contrast,County road and Village road were found to be more effective in promoting economic development in plains.With regard to local estimates of traffic factors,coefficients in mountain counties exhibited larger fluctuation ranges than other geomorphic units.The conclusions provide a basis for government decisionmaking in a more reasonable construction arrangement of road facilities and sustainable economic development.

Dynamic Nexus between Air-Transportation and Economic Growth: A Systematic Literature Review

Today’s economic growth is not promising without air transport, up-to-date airports infrastructure, efficient and safe airline services and international air transport networks. According to WB [1], 40% of the world-wide tourists travel by air transport. The main aim of this study is to analyze the literatures of air transport and economic growth study. A systematic literature review (SLR) method was used in order to examine related articles from ABDC list journals which are ranked on A*, A or B, published in period 1992-2018. This study gives a summary of the trends and research themes which have been identified. Key scholars, as well as their approaches and locations and citations are also mapped. The findings of this study show that there is a growing interest in researching and publishing on Air transportation and economic growth. This study fills a deficiency in specialized literature concerning air transportation in developing countries and provides a foundation for future research in the field of air transportation.

For the Greater Good?—A Critical Reflection on Assessing Indirect Economic Effects Caused by Large Transport Projects

Investing in large transport projects affects the (potential) economic development of metropolitan areas. Yet, very little critical research has been performed to understand how to assess these effects. The relationship between infrastructure investments and regional economic development is complex and indirect, and many theoretical and methodological difficulties remain. On the one hand, the assumption that investing in infrastructure is important to sustain economic growth is sometimes doubted. On the other hand, it is argued that investments in infrastructure enhance the accessibility of urban regions and that in the slipstream of such investments, social problems in urban regions can be tackled as well. Despite these contrasting views, there is at least a consensus that transport infrastructure development depends on economic development and vice versa. Yet, in many cases, the method of assessing economic impacts highly affects the results. Therefore, this paper focuses on a critical reflection of methods for estimating economic effects of infrastructure investments. A critical evaluation is made based on Indonesian and Japanese cases. After conducting in-depth desk research on both cases, we found that the broader effects on affected group of people tend to be overlooked due to the problems of time and space dimensions, the chain reaction of effects, and inappropriate data practices. The assessment on the appraisal processes tends to overlook the broader economic implication due to narrow focus and the concept of efficiency of economic theory.

Political and Economic Analysis of the South Silk Road： from a Transportation Safety Perspective

With a long history, the South Silk Road has been and will continue to be an important corridor of economic, political, cultural and religious exchange between Southwest China and Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, West Asia and Europe. The transportation corridor established by the South Silk Road has both important strategic significance and value for China's transportation safety, and the potential to bring huge political and economic benefits to our country. However, all kinds of challenges and threats need to be dealt with in order for it to achieve strategic value and play the role of a transportation corridor, thereby ensuring China's strategic security.

Composite Sustainable Indicators Framework for Cost Assessment of Land Transport Mode in Lebanon Cities

The aim of the work performed in this paper is to present a composite indicators framework to guide sustainable transportation planning in Lebanon by assessing the sustainability marginal cost of Land Transport modes used mostly based on ICE (internal combustion engine) auto dependence. The framework covers 6 indicators of the triple bottom line of sustainability (economy, society, and environment): operating cost, energy consumption, noise exposure, congestion delay, emissions, and safety. The framework process follows an evaluation toolkit that monitors the cost implied from listed individual indicators of transport mode. Moreover, this evaluation methodology can be used to estimate to an acceptable degree the cost variation resulting from transport mode modifications within same geographical zone. This cost variance is the main interest of investors and decision makers seeking profits and successful results of their transportation planning process. A case study is executed in Lebanon GBA (Greater Beirut Area), where the annual cost of an alternative consisting of light rail transit (LRT) to passenger cars (PC) system is assessed;applying the stated methodology. Results show clearly an environmental amelioration with a reduction of 4,651,817,100 MJ of energy and 181,936 ton of CO2 emissions in addition to a saving of 255,643,035$ annually.

高速铁路开通对区域经济发展影响实证分析

为探究高速铁路对不同区域经济影响作用的差异性及原因,以兰新(兰州市-乌鲁木齐市)高铁和哈大(哈尔滨市-大连市)高铁为研究对象,从实证视角出发,采用双重差分模型分析高速铁路开通对沿线区域人均国内生产总值(GDP)的影响。对2010-2020年高铁沿线城市的经济数据进行分析得到:兰新高铁的开通使得沿线区域人均GDP增长18000元,而哈大高铁则抑制沿线区域的经济发展;具体到省份,兰新高铁对甘肃省的经济促进作用达到19000元,而哈大高铁使得黑龙江的人均GDP下降2400元;辽宁省铁岭县、开原市和昌图县的边缘化是哈大高铁开通后辽宁省经济增长不显著的主要原因,而去掉三座城市后的人均GDP增长达到13000元。实证结果表明,高速铁路的开通对沿线区域的经济发展既有正面影响也有负面影响,在区位优势和生产要素流动作用下,增强大城市的虹吸效应,使得不同城市获取的经济效益存在较大差异。

国际贸易、交通基础设施与区域经济长期增长--基于近现代中国的研究

本文基于中国近代出口与近现代铁路建设的历史经验,探讨国际贸易与交通基础设施对区域经济长期增长的综合影响。理论与实证研究发现:近代出口贸易与铁路建设均能够显著促进区域人口长期增长,两者的影响具有替代性,该替代性在邻近历史口岸或较早开通铁路的地区相对较强。进一步分析表明,铁路一方面能够提升贸易区位劣势地区的企业出口参与度,另一方面能够促使出口福利空间溢出,增强贸易区位劣势地区对劳动力迁移的吸引力,从而对出口贸易的影响起到替代性作用。本文的研究结论揭示了交通基础设施在国际贸易的资源空间配置效应中发挥的重要作用,为当今中国统筹对外开放布局优化与国内市场一体化、推动区域经济协调发展提供了参考。

长江中游城市群交通一体化建设存在的问题与推进建议

交通一体化能促进生产要素高效流动与整合,有力推动区域经济与社会一体化发展和经济内循环顺利实现。长江中游城市群在交通一体化方面取得很大进展,不仅建立完备的由铁路、公路、地铁、航空、水运等运输方式组成的综合交通运输网络,而且在交通管理与服务方面实现一定程度的信息化与智能化。但长江中游城市群交通一体化建设存在政府与市场配合度不高,缺乏统一的跨区域整体规划和协调机制,各种交通方式互联互通效率低下,智能交通建设落后等困难与问题。可以通过提高政府一体化建设积极性与市场参与度,破除行政壁垒,建立一体化管理协调机制,发展多式联运促进互联互通,增强交通管理与服务的信息化和智能化建设等,进一步推进长江中游城市群交通一体化建设,以服务区域经济内循环和城市群的整体发展。

集装箱港口集疏运重卡电动化的经济性分析

为分析集装箱港口集疏运重卡电动化的经济性,考虑购置税优惠、补贴、贷款、排放成本等因素,建立广义总拥有成本现值估算模型,构建经济性分析指标,并分析“购买底盘+电池”(方案1)和“购买底盘+租赁电池”(方案2)的经济性。结果表明,在设定条件下,无论是否考虑排放成本,两种方案都不具经济性,但考虑排放成本能有效缓解重卡电动化的成本劣势。当考虑排放成本且其他因素不变时,若电池租金<5.61万元,或电价≤1.28元/(kW·h),或油价≥8.48元/L,或柴油重卡能耗强度≥0.40 L/km,或电动重卡能耗强度≤1.34 (kW·h)/km,方案2具有经济性。类似地,若使方案1具有经济性,应满足电池价格<22.11万元,或电价<1.23元/(kW·h),或油价>8.72元/L,或柴油重卡能耗强度≥0.41 L/km,或电动重卡能耗强度≤1.28 (kW·h)/km。免征电动重卡购置税能有效改善两种方案的经济性指标。调增单位排放成本或电动重卡补贴额度虽能确保两种方案都具有经济性,但其所需调增幅度较高,可能增加重卡司机或政府的经济负担。

基于多源数据的高速公路差异化收费路段识别

在全面推广高速公路差异化收费背景下,针对如何选取差异化收费路段的问题,建立一种基于多源数据的差异化收费路段识别方法.首先,基于高速公路门架数据、收费站出入口流量、普通国省道交通流量自动观测站数据等多源数据,从路段沿线社会经济发展水平、网络化水平、交通运行特征、交通可转移性、交通负荷均衡性5个维度,构建高速公路差异化收费路段识别指标体系.然后,基于k-means聚类和分类回归树算法(Classification and Regression Trees,CART)建立高速公路差异化收费路段识别模型.最后,以云南省130条高速公路路段为例,提取高速公路差异化收费路段细分规则及关键特征指标.研究结果表明:影响高速公路差异化收费路段细分的关键特征指标分别为路段成网率、收费站节点度、出行成本偏差率、路段全天小时拥挤度、可替代路径数量;根据决策树细分规则可将差异化收费路段划分为差异化上浮型、不适合差异化、差异化下浮型3种,符合高速公路实际收费运营情况.

考虑新机场投运的多式联运组织演化博弈——以北京大兴国际机场为例

为迎合市场需求,激发北京市新机场及周边企业运输潜力,发展多式联运并合理调动运输供给资源成为关键。通过建立航空运输企业、公路运输企业及多式联运经营人三方演化博弈模型,对各参与方组建多式联运组织的策略、选择演化路径及合作机制进行研究。各参与方在成本投入与可获得的额外收益之间权衡,决策是否选择组成联运组织。研究过程中设置合作意愿,对多式联运组织各参与方策略选择的演化路径进行仿真分析,并分别改变业务规模系数、运输收益系数及新市场损失系数,就各参与方行为对其策略选择的演化结果进行分析。结果表明:各参与主体初始意愿的变化对多式联运组织的建立和有效运营产生直接影响,即运输企业对合作策略的初始意愿是多式联运组织形成的关键;经营人企业的行为策略选择也将影响航空运输企业和公路运输企业的成本付出与新市场带来的额外收益获得,组织内部因素(例如合理收益分配)有助于促进多式联运组织有效形成;组织业务规模、市场发展状况变化等外部环境因素也对多式联运组织成员的意愿值有所影响,即不同运输企业行为会影响经营人企业的经营态度,也将作用于组织的演化方向及到达均衡状态的演化时间。

影响城市交通发展的基础问题研究

中国城市的发展阶段和趋势特征与社会主义市场经济体制改革的进程息息相关,不同阶段经济社会、城乡建设、法律制度、行政管理、财税制度等各方面的变革都对城市交通发展产生深刻影响。因此,研究新时期城市交通的发展模式必须遵循国家政策和改革措施。通过梳理改革开放以来的变革进程,总结当前中国发展呈现的一系列阶段性新特征,包括社会主要矛盾转变为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾,经济体制改革强调推动有效市场和有为政府的更好结合,法律制度规定将城市交通问题的事权和财权划分为地方事务,城市发展进入区域化、数字化、低碳化发展新阶段等。基于这些特征,要求坚持城市政府的主体地位,以改革促进城市交通发展,支撑现代化都市圈培育,面向居民需求提升城市可持续发展能力和竞争力。

基于复杂网络的成渝地区双城经济圈区域铁路网络时空演化研究

基于复杂网络理论,借助Space L空间方法,构建区域铁路网络拓扑结构模型,研究2000—2030年成渝地区双城经济圈区域铁路网络时空演化。将成渝区域铁路网络的演化划分为初步发展、快速发展、高等化完善化3个发展阶段,分析铁路网络整体结构特征与节点特征的演化,结果表明,成渝地区双城经济圈区域铁路网络空间格局分布存在差异性,成渝地区双城经济圈内部已演变形成以成都、重庆双核心为引领,以遂宁、南充、合川等城市为次核心的非均衡区域铁路网络;随着铁路站点与线路的增加,成渝地区双城经济圈区域铁路网络逐渐呈现小世界特性,核心-边缘的分异特征较为明显;第二阶段的网络化水平提升幅度高于第一阶段的网络化水平提升幅度,且区域边缘节点城市的中心性指标提升较大。

不确定环境下医疗废物回收网络鲁棒优化研究

针对医疗废物回收网络的不确定性,选取医疗废物量和运输成本作为关键变量,构建有多个不确定参数的多目标非线性整数规划模型,并引入鲁棒优化来处理不确定因素。结合多目标粒子群优化算法(MOPSO)和遗传算法(GA)求解该模型,外层GA负责选址决策,内层MOPSO针对选址结果进行配送路径优化,并以国内某城市为实证对象进行仿真验证。结果表明:相较于传统遗传算法,所提算法总成本降低了10.37%,总风险减少了1.86%,工作量偏差缩减了50.18%;敏感性分析表明,医疗废物量的不确定性对目标函数的影响更为显著。所提模型使得决策者可根据风险偏好调整不确定参数,以获得最佳的医疗废物回收网络优化方案,为进一步的医疗废物回收研究提供了参考。