Atom substitution of the solid-state electrolyte Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)for stabilized all-solid-state lithium metal batteries

Solid-state electrolyte Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)(LGPS)has a high lithium ion conductivity of 12 mS cm^(-1)at room temperature,but its inferior chemical stability against lithium metal anode impedes its practical application.Among all solutions,Ge atom substitution of the solid-state electrolyte LGPS stands out as the most promising solution to this interface problem.A systematic screening framework for Ge atom substitution including ionic conductivity,thermodynamic stability,electronic and mechanical properties is utilized to solve it.For fast screening,an enhanced model Dop Net FC using chemical formulas for the dataset is adopted to predict ionic conductivity.Finally,Li_(10)SrP_(2)S_(12)(LSrPS)is screened out,which has high lithium ion conductivity(12.58 mS cm^(-1)).In addition,an enhanced migration of lithium ion across the LSr PS/Li interface is found.Meanwhile,compared to the LGPS/Li interface,LSrPS/Li interface exhibits a larger Schottky barrier(0.134 eV),smaller electron transfer region(3.103?),and enhanced ability to block additional electrons,all of which contribute to the stabilized interface.The applied theoretical atom substitution screening framework with the aid of machine learning can be extended to rapid determination of modified specific material schemes.

Human islet amyloid polypeptide oligomers stabilized and probed by MAS NMR

The capture and characterization of oligomers are extremely important in the studies of amyloid aggregation of proteins and peptides.Oligomers are critical intermediates that can impact the structures of amyloid fibrils.Moreover,it is widely accepted that oligomers are the most toxic species along the aggregation pathway[1e4].The studies of oligomers are believed to shed light on the molecular mechanism of amyloid fibrillation and probably the medical clues for related diseases.In vitro investigations of amyloid oligomers are challenging due to their transient and polymorphic nature[5].This is particularly evident in the case of human type-2 diabetes-associated islet amyloid polypeptide(hIAPP),which tends to rapidly form polymorphic fibrils within minutes[6].Notably,hIAPP demonstrates a higher propensity for rapid aggregation compared to other amyloid proteins such as a-synuclein[7].

Effect of CO_(2)exposure on the mechanical strength of geopolymerstabilized sandy soils

In recent years,there has been growing interest in developing methods for mitigating greenhouse effect,as greenhouse gas emissions continue to contribute to global temperature rise.On the other hand,investigating geopolymers as environmentally friendly binders to mitigate the greenhouse effect using soil stabilization has been widely conducted.However,the effect of CO_(2)exposure on the mechanical properties of geopolymer-stabilized soils is rarely reported.In this context,the effect of CO_(2)exposure on the mechanical and microstructural features of sandy soil stabilized with volcanic ash-based geopolymer was investigated.Several factors were concerned,for example the binder content,relative density,CO_(2)pressure,curing condition,curing time,and carbonate content.The results showed that the compressive strength of the stabilized sandy soil specimens with 20%volcanic ash increased from 3 MPa to 11 MPa.It was also observed that 100 kPa CO_(2)pressure was the optimal pressure for strength development among the other pressures.The mechanical strength showed a direct relationship with binder content and carbonate content.Additionally,in the ambient curing(AC)condition,the mechanical strength and carbonate content increased with the curing time.However,the required water for carbonation evaporated after 7 d of oven curing(OC)condition and as a result,the 14-d cured samples showed lower mechanical strength and carbonate content in comparison with 7-d cured samples.Moreover,the rate of strength development was higher in OC cured samples than AC cured samples until 7 d due to higher geopolymerization and carbonation rate.

Mechanical behaviors of warm and ice-rich frozen soil stabilized with sulphoaluminate cement

The warm and ice-rich frozen soil is characterized by high unfrozen water content, low shear strength and large compressibility, which is unreliable to meet the stability requirements of engineering infrastructures and foundations in permafrost regions. In this study, a novel approach for stabilizing the warm and ice-rich frozen soil with sulphoaluminate cement was proposed based on chemical stabilization. The mechanical behaviors of the stabilized soil, such as strength and stress-strain relationship, were investigated through a series of triaxial compression tests conducted at -1.0℃, and the mechanism of strength variations of the stabilized soil was also explained based on scanning electron microscope test. The investigations indicated that the strength of stabilized soil to resist failure has been improved, and the linear Mohr-Coulomb criteria can accurately reflect the shear strength of stabilized soil under various applied confining pressure. The increase in both curing age and cement mixing ratio were favorable to the growth of cohesion and internal friction angle. More importantly, the strength improvement mechanism of the stabilized soil is attributed to the formation of structural skeleton and the generation of cementitious hydration products within itself. Therefore, the investigations conducted in this study provide valuable references for chemical stabilization of warm and ice-rich frozen ground, thereby providing a basis for in-situ ground improvement for reinforcing warm and ice-rich permafrost foundations by soil-cement column installation.

Surface-to-bulk engineering with high-valence W^(6+) enabling stabilized single-crystal LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.05)O_(2) cathode

Single-crystal Nickel-rich layered oxides has been recognized as one of the promising cathodes for nextgeneration lithium batteries on account of their high capacity,while its practical application was hindered by structural instability and slow Li^(+) transfer kinetics.Herein,a surface-to-bulk engineered single-crystal LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(Ni90) cathode,which features W-doped bulk and Li_(2)WO_(4) surface layer,was successfully achieved by a one-step high-valence W^(6+) modification.The as-obtained W-modified Ni90 delivers excellent cycling stability(89.8% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 0.5 C)and rate capability.The enhanced electrochemical performance was ascribed to the doped-W induced stabilized lattice oxygen,reduced Li^(+)/Ni^(2+) mixing and inhibited H2-H3 phase transition in the bulk,and Li_(2)WO_(4) layer generated stabilized cathode/electrolyte interface.In addition,the thinner LiF-rich cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI) on surface and smaller grain size for W-modified Ni90 benefit to its Li^(+) diffusion dynamics.The effect of high-valence W^(6+)on single-crystal Ni-rich cathode was firstly revealed in detail,which deepens the understanding of electrochemical behavior of Ni-rich cathode with high-valence cations modification,and provides clues for design of high-performance layered cathodes.

A universal multifunctional dual cation doping strategy towards stabilized ultra-high nickel cobalt-free lithium layered oxide cathode

Ultra-high nickel cobalt-free lithium layered oxides are promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their relatively high capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the high nickel content would induce bulk structure degradation and interfacial environment deterioration,and the absence of Co element reduces the lithium diffusion kinetics,severely limiting the performance liberation of this kind of cathodes.Herein,a multifunctional Ti/Zr dual cation co-doping strategy has been employed to improve the lithium storage performance of LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NM91)cathode.On the one hand,the Ti/Zr co-doping weakens the Li^(+)/Ni^(2+)mixing through magnetic interactions due to the inexistence of unpaired electrons for Ti^(4+)and Zr^(4+),increasing the lithium diffusion rate and suppressing the harmful coexistence of H1 and H2 phases.On the other hand,they enhance the lattice oxygen stability because of the strong Ti-O and Zr-O bonds,inhibiting the undesired H3 phase transition and lattice oxygen loss,improving the bulk structure and cathode-electrolyte interface stability.As a result,the Ti/Zr co-doped NM91(NMTZ)exhibits a 91.2%capacity retention rate after 100 cycles,while that of NM91 is only82.9%.Also,the NMTZ displays better rate performance than NM91 with output capacities of 115 and93 mA h g^(-1)at a high current density of 5 C,respectively.Moreover,the designed NMTZ could enable the full battery to deliver an energy density up to 263 W h kg^(-1),making the ultra-high nickel cobaltfree lithium layered oxide cathode closer to practical applications.

Effect of external and internal cues on core muscle activation during the Sahrmann five-level core stability test

BACKGROUND Pain in the back or pelvis or fear of back pain may affect the timing or cocontraction of the core muscles.In both static and dynamic movements,the Sahrmann core stability test provides an assessment of core muscle activation and a person's ability to stabilize the lumbopelvic complex.Preparatory cues and images can be used to increase the activation of these muscles.To attain optimal movement patterns,it will be necessary to determine what cueing will give the most effective results for core stability.AIM To investigate the effects of external and internal cues on core muscle activation during the Sahrmann five-level core stability test.METHODS Total 68 participants(21.83±3.47 years)were randomly allocated to an external(n=35)or internal cue group(n=33).Participants performed the Sahrmann fivelevel core stability test without a cue as baseline and the five-level stability exercises with an internal or external cue.External cue group received a pressure biofeedback unit(PBU),and the internal cue group received an audio cue.A Delsys Trigno^(TM)surface electromyography unit was used for muscle activation from the rectus abdominis,external oblique,and transverse abdominis/internal oblique muscles.RESULTS Linear mixed effects model analysis showed that cueing had a significant effect on core muscle activation(P=0.001);however,there was no significant difference between cue types(internal or external)(P=0.130).CONCLUSION Both external and internal cueing have significant effects on core muscle activation during the Sahrmann five-level core stability test and the PBU does not create higher muscle activation than internal cueing.

Building stabilized Cu_(0.17)Mn_(0.03)V_(2)O_(5−□)·2.16H_(2)O cathode enables an outstanding room‐/low‐temperature aqueous Zn‐ion batteries

Vanadium oxide cathode materials with stable crystal structure and fast Zn^(2+) storage capabilities are extremely important to achieving outstanding electrochemical performance in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.In this work,a one‐step hydrothermal method was used to manipulate the bimetallic ion intercalation into the interlayer of vanadium oxide.The pre‐intercalated Cu ions act as pillars to pin the vanadium oxide(V‐O)layers,establishing stabilized two‐dimensional channels for fast Zn^(2+) diffusion.The occupation of Mn ions between V‐O interlayer further expands the layer spacing and increases the concentration of oxygen defects(Od),which boosts the Zn^(2+) diffusion kinetics.As a result,as‐prepared Cu_(0.17)Mn_(0.03)V_(2)O_(5−□)·2.16H_(2)O cathode shows outstanding Zn‐storage capabilities under room‐and lowtemperature environments(e.g.,440.3 mAh g^(−1) at room temperature and 294.3 mAh g^(−1)at−60°C).Importantly,it shows a long cycling life and high capacity retention of 93.4%over 2500 cycles at 2 A g^(−1) at−60°C.Furthermore,the reversible intercalation chemistry mechanisms during discharging/charging processes were revealed via operando X‐ray powder diffraction and ex situ Raman characterizations.The strategy of a couple of 3d transition metal doping provides a solution for the development of superior room‐/lowtemperature vanadium‐based cathode materials.

Effect of Aerodynamically Stabilized Seeker Dynamics on System Analysis

Aim To study the effect of aerodynamically stabilized seeker dynamics on guided bomb system analysis. Methods A thorough analysis of aerodynamically stabilized seeker dynamics was made to show that because of the much smaller time constant, its dynamic model can be greatly simplified. Results and Conclusion In guided bomb guidance/control digital simulation, with the use of the simplified seeker model, simulation time can be reduced without the loss of simulation accuracy.

Gold stabilized on various oxide supports catalyzing formaldehyde oxidation at room temperature

Gold stabilized on reducible oxide （CeO2 and FeOx） and irreducible oxide （γ‐Al2O3, SiO2, and HZSM‐5） were prepared by deposition precipitation method and tested for catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde （HCHO） at room temperature under high GHSV of 600000 ml/（g＆#183;s）. Au/γ‐Al2O3 cata‐lyst showed distinctive catalytic performance, presenting the highest initial HCHO conversion and stability. Correlating the reaction rate with Au particle size, there is a linear relationship, suggesting that the smaller Au particle size with higher dispersion possesses high reactivity for HCHO oxida‐tion. All the catalysts deactivated at high GHSV （600000 ml/（g＆#183;s））, but in a quite different rate. Re‐ducible oxide （CeO2 and FeOx） could stabilize gold through O linkage and therefore exhibits a better stability for HCHO oxidation reaction. However, the aggregation of gold particles occurred over Au/SiO2 and Au/HZSM‐5 catalysts, which result in the fast deactivation. Therefore, our results sug‐gest that the reducibility of the supports for Au catalysis has no direct influence on the activity, but affects the catalytic stability.

A 16bit 96kHz Chopper-Stabilized Sigma-Delta ADC

A 16bit sigma-delta audio analog-to-digital converter is developed.It consists of an analog modulator and a digital decimator.A standard 2-order single-loop architecture is employed in the modulator.Chopper stabilization is applied to the first integrator to eliminate the 1/f noise.A low-power,area-efficient decimator is used,which includes a poly-phase comb-filter and a wave-digital-filter.The converter achieves a 92dB dynamic range over the 96kHz audio band.This single chip occupies 2.68mm2 in a 0.18μm six-metal CMOS process and dissipates only 15.5mW power.

Laboratory tests on enhancing strength of cement stabilized organicsoil with addition of phosphor gypsum and calcium almninate cement

In order to improve the engineering properties oforganic soil, a new stabilization agent is developed by theaddition of phosphor gypsum and calcium aluminate cement.The artificial organic soil is applied in the study and a series oflaboratory tests were carried out to explore new stabilizationagents and determine the optimal dosage. Unconfinedcompressive strength （UCS） and the pH value of soil poresolution were measured. The influence of organic content,agent composition and curing time on the UCS of sampleswere also researched. The test results show that the UCS ofstabilized organic soils by a new agent achieves approximately800 and 1 200 kPa at 28 and 90 d curing time, respectively.The pH test results show that a high alkaline environment is anecessary and not a sufficient condition for high strength. Thestrength of stabilized soil is related to the hydration product ofstabilization agent. The mechanism of strength formation wasalso explored by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, mercury intrusionporosimetry （MIP） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）tests. A large amount of ettringite is produced to fill the largepores of organic soils, which contribute to the high UCS valueof stabilized organic soils. The new agent can solidify theorganic soil successfully as well as provide a new approach totreat the organic soil.

Effect of Friedel's salt on strength enhancement of stabilized chloride saline soil

In the field of soil stabilization, only calcium silicate hydrate(CSH) and ettringite(AFt) as hydration products have been reported to directly contribute to the strength enhancement of the soil. A chloride dredger fill, an artificial chloride saline soil, and a non-saline soil were stabilized by Portland cement(PC) and PC with Ca(OH)_2(CH) with different contents. A series of unconfined compressive strength(UCS) tests of stabilized soil specimen after curing for 7 d and 28 d were carried out, and the hydration products and microstructure of the specimens were observed by X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis(EDXA). The results showed that the strengths of PC+CH-stabilized chloride saline soils were much higher than those of PC-stabilized soils. A new hydration product of calcium aluminate chloride hydrate, also known as Friedel's salt, appeared in the PC+CH-stabilized chloride saline soils. The solid-phase volume of Friedel's salt expanded during the formation of the hydrate; this volume filled the pores in the stabilized soil. This pore-filling effect was the most important contribution to the significantly enhanced strength of the PC+CH-stabilized chloride saline soils. On the basis of this understanding, a new optimized stabilizer was designed according to the concept that the chloride in saline soil could be utilized as a component of the stabilizer. The strength of the chloride saline soils stabilized by the optimized stabilizer was even further increased compared with that of the PC+CH-stabilized soils.

A long-term frequency-stabilized erbium-fiber-laser-based optical frequency comb with an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator

We demonstrate an optical frequency comb based on an erbium-doped-fiber femtosecond laser with the nonlinear polarization evolution scheme. The repetition rate of the laser is about 209 MHz. By controlling an intra-cavity electro- optic modulator and a piezo-transducer, the repetition rate can be stabilized with a high-bandwidth servo in a frequency range of 3 kHz, enabling long-term repetition rate phase-locking. The in-loop frequency stability of repetition rate is about 1.6× 10-13 in an integration time of 1 s, limited by the measurement system; and it is inversely proportional to integration time in the short term. Furthermore, using a common path f-2f interferometer, the carrier envelope offset frequency of the comb is obtained with a signal-to-noise ratio of 40 dB in a 3-MHz resolution bandwidth. Stabilized cartier envelope offset frequency exhibits a deviation of 0.6 mHz in an integration time of 1 s.

Control of exterior ballistic properties of spin-stabilized bullet by optimizing internal mass distribution

This paper introduces a novel approach for controlling the exterior ballistic properties of spin-stabilized bullets by optimizing their internal mass distributions. Specifically, the properties of interest are the bullets’ stability characteristics that are examined through dynamic and gyroscopic stability parameters.New analytical expressions for aerodynamic quantities are also derived to address the compressibility of air. These expressions are utilized in a bullet model that enables efficient computation of the stability parameters for a given mass distribution. The bullet model is used in the formulation of nonlinear optimization problems that provide optimal mass distributions with respect to given goals, i.e., desired stability characteristics. The bullet types investigated in this paper are a long range bullet and a limited range training bullet. In the optimization of the mass distribution of the long range bullet, the goal is that the bullet stays stable for as long as possible. The mass distribution of the training bullet is optimized such that the bullet is stable at launch but becomes unstable shortly afterwards. The global optimal solutions obtained with the new approach fulfill the desired stability characteristics better than currently used uniformly filled bullets. Overall, the optimization approach reveals a new goal focused philosophy for bullet design compared to current trial and error design practices.

Stabilized Multi-domain Simulation Algorithms and Their Application in Simulation Platform for Forging Manipulator

Most researches focused on the analytical stabilized algorithm for the modular simulation of single domain, e.g., pure mechanical systems. Only little work has been performed on the problem of multi-domain simulation stability influenced by algebraic loops. In this paper, the algebraic loop problem is studied by a composite simulation method to reveal the internal relationship between simulation stability and system topologies and simulation unit models. A stability criterion of multi-domain composite simulation is established, and two algebraic loop compensation algorithms are proposed using numerical iteration and approximate function in multi-domain simulation. The numerical stabilized algorithm is the Newton method for the solution of the set of nonlinear equations, and it is used here in simulation of the system composed of mechanical system and hydraulic system. The approximate stabilized algorithm is the construction of response surface for inputs and outputs of unknown unit model, and it is utilized here in simulation of the system composed of forging system, mechanical and hydraulic system. The effectiveness of the algorithms is verified by a case study of multi-domain simulation for forging system composed of thermoplastic deformation of workpieces, mechanical system and hydraulic system of a manipulator. The system dynamics simulation results show that curves of motion and force are continuous and convergent. This paper presents two algorithms, which are applied to virtual reality simulation of forging process in a simulation platform for a manipulator, and play a key role in simulation efficiency and stability.

Mechanism and Optimal Application of Chemical Additives for Accelerating Early Strength of Lime-flyash Stabilized Soils

To accelerate the early strength of lime-flyush stabilized soil for extending its further uses in highway and shortening highway constraction time, five kinds of chemical odditives were chosen on the basis of mechanism analysis of accelerating early strength in highway as a semi-rigid base materhd, and a series of experiments about the effect of differeat kinds of additives and quantity on the early strength of the stabilized soll were tested. The results show that chemical additives can efftciently improve the early strength of lime-flyush stabilized soil both the 7 d and 28d, and the optimum quantity for above chemical additive is 1.5%-2.5% approximately. Some suggestions for the practical construction were also proposed.

STABILIZED FINITE ELEMENT METHODS FOR THE REISSNER-MINDLIN PLATE

A new stabilized finite element method which is different from Hughes and Franco’s (1988) is presented for the Reissner-Mindlin plate model. The least square mesh-dependent residual form of the shear constitute equation is added to the Partial Projection scheme to enhance the stability. Using piecewise polynomials of order k≥1 for the rotations, of order k+1 for the displacement and of order k-1 for the shear, the kth order error-estimates are obtained. Besides, our computing scheme can be also applied to some lower order elements. All error-estimates are obtained independent of the plate thickness, and the stability parameter is an arbitrary positive constant.

Collecting aerosol in airflow with a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed

A magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSB) is a highly efficient filter that takes the advantage of both fluidized beds and fixed beds. This paper presents the research to collect aerosol in airflow with a MSB. The filtering model of MSB is established with its parameters including magnetic Geld intensity, gas superficial velocity, average grain-size, and bed height on the collection efficiency of MSB. The model is verified by experiments.

Two-hertz-linewidth Nd:YAG lasers at 1064 nm stabilized to vertically mounted ultra-stable cavities

Two Nd：YAG lasers operating at 1064 nm are separately servo-locked to two vertically mounted ultra-stable cavities. The optical heterodyne beat between two cavity-stabilized lasers shows that the linewidth of each laser reaches 2 Hz and the average frequency drift reduces to less than 1 Hz/s.