Helmet-based noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case report

BACKGROUND Noninvasive ventilation(NIV)reduces intubation rates,mortalities,and lengths of hospital and intensive care unit stays in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Helmet-based NIV is better tolerated than oronasal mask-based ventilation,and thus,allows NIV to be conducted for prolonged periods at higher pressures with minimal air leaks.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old man with a previous diagnosis of COPD stage 4 was admitted to our medical intensive care unit with chief complaints of cough,sputum,and dyspnea of several days’duration.For 10 mo,he had been on oxygen at home by day and had used an oronasal mask-based NIV at night.At intensive care unit admission,he breathed using respiratory accessory muscles.Hypercapnia and signs of infection were detected,and infiltration was observed in the right lower lung field by chest radiography.Thus,we diagnosed AECOPD by communityacquired pneumonia.After admission,respiratory distress steadily deteriorated and invasive mechanical ventilation became necessary.However,the patient refused this option,and thus,we selected helmet-based NIV as a salvage treatment.After 3 d of helmet-based NIV,his consciousness level and hypercapnia recovered to his pre-hospitalization level.CONCLUSION Helmet-based NIV could be considered as a salvage treatment when AECOPD patients refuse invasive mechanical ventilation and oronasal mask-based NIV is ineffective.

Application of fiberoptic bronchscopy in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during sequential weaning of invasive-noninvasive mechanical ventilation

BACKGROUND:Early withdrawal of invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV) followed by noninvasive MV(NIMV) is a new strategy for changing modes of treatment in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD) with acute respiratory failure(ARF).Using pulmonary infection control window(PIC window) as the switch point for transferring from invasive to noninvasive MV,the time for early extubation can be more accurately judged,and therapy efficacy can be improved.This study aimed to prospectively investigate the clinical effectiveness of fiberoptic bronchscopy(FOB) in patients with AECOPD during sequential weaning of invasive-noninvasive MV.METHODS:Since July 2006 to January 2011,106 AECOPD patients with ARF were treated with comprehensive medication and IMV after hospitalization.Patients were randomly divided into two groups according to whether fiberoptic bronchoscope is used(group A,n=54) or not(group B,n=52) during sequential weaning from invasive to noninvasive MV.In group A,for sputum suction and bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL),a fiberoptic bronchoscope was put into the airway from the outside of an endotracheal tube,which was accompanied with uninterrupted use of a ventilator.After achieving PIC window,patients of both groups changed to NIMV mode,and weaned from ventilation.The following listed indices were used to compare between the groups after treatment:1) the occurrence time of PIC,the duration of MV,the length of ICU stay,the success rate of weaning from MV for the first time,the rate of reventilatJon and the occurrence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP);2) the convenience and safety of FOB manipulation.The results were compared using Student's f test and the Chi-square test.RESULTS:The occurrence time of PIC was(5.01 ±1.49) d,(5.87±1.87) d in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.05);the duration of MV was(6.98±1.84) d,(8.69±2.41) d in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.01);the length of ICU stay was(9.25±1.84) d,(11.10±2.63) d in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.01);the success rate of weaning for the first time was 96.30%,76.92%in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.01);the rate of reventilation was 5.56%,19.23%in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.05);and the occurrence rate of VAP was 3.70%,23.07%in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.01).Moreover,it was easy and safe to manipulate FOB,and no side effect was observed.CONCLUSIONS:The application of FOB in patients with AECOPD during sequential weaning of invasive-noninvasive MV is effective in ICU.It can decrease the duration of MV and the length of ICU stay,increase the success rate from weaning MV for the first time,reduce the rate of reventilation and the occurrence rate of VAP.In addition,such a method is convenient and safe in patients of this kind.

Impact of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective:To investigate the change and relativity of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV)on the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle in patient with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods:80 patients with AECOPD were divided into two groups based on whether the NIPPV treatment was given or not,38 cases in the study group and 42 in the control group.The blood gas analysis and pulmonary function were monitored and recorded before and 14 days after treatment.A skeletal muscle biopsy was performed 14 days after therapy.The mRNA expression of ribosomal protein S21(RPS21)and ubiquitin in skeletal muscle cell were measured by RT-PCR.Results:After 14 days treatment,the levels of PaCO_(2),PaO_(2),PH and FEV_(1)% in the NIPPV group improved much better than in the control group(p<.05).The gene expression of RPS21 and ubiquitin was obviously lower in the study group than in the control group(p<.05).The level of RPS21 was negatively related with PaO_(2),PH and FEV1%,and the level of ubiquitin was negatively related with PaO_(2) and FEV1%,but positively correlated with PaCO_(2).The area under the ROC curves of RPS21,ubiquitin,PaCO_(2) and FEV_(1)% were 0.771,0.885,0.821 and 0.734 respectively in the study group.The cut-off points were 103.978,8.128,45.350 and 51.350 respectively.The sensitivity evaluation of acid poisoning was 90.9%,and the specificities for each were 75%,75%,50% and 50%.Conclusions:NIPPV is effective for AECOPD patients through the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle.

Clinical study of NFNC in the treatment of acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with respiratory failure

BACKGROUND Most patients with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)have respiratory failure that necessitates active correction and the improvement of oxygenation is particularly important during treatment.High flow nasal cannula(HFNC)oxygen therapy is a non-invasive respiratory aid that is widely used in the clinic that improves oxygenation state,reduces dead space ventilation and breathing effort,protects the loss of cilia in the airways,and improves patient comfort.AIM To compare HFNC and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of patients with AECOPD.METHODS Eighty AECOPD patients were included in the study.The patients were in the intensive care department of our hospital from October 2019 to October 2021.The patients were divided into the control and treatment groups according to the different treatment methods with 40 patients in each group.Differences in patient comfort,blood gas analysis and infection indices were analyzed between the two groups.RESULTS After treatment,symptoms including nasal,throat and chest discomfort were significantly lower in the treatment group compared to the control group on the 3rd and 5th days(P<0.05).Before treatment,the PaO_(2),PaO_(2)/FiO_(2),PaCO_(2),and SaO_(2)in the two groups of patients were not significantly different(P>0.05).After treatment,the same indicators were significantly improved in both patient groups but had improved more in the treatment group compared to the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the white blood cell count,and the levels of C-reactive protein and calcitonin in patients in the treatment group were significantly higher compared to patients in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION HFNC treatment can improve the ventilation of AECOPD patients whilst also improving patient comfort,and reducing complications.HFNC is a clinically valuable technique for the treatment of AECOPD.

Effect of noninvasive, positive pressure ventilation on patients with severe, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease： a meta-analysis

Background This meta-analysis evaluated the effect of noninvasive, positive pressure ventilation on severe, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Methods PUBMED, CNKI, Wanfang, EMBASE and the Cochrane trials databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials of patients with severe, stable COPD and receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, compared with sham ventilation or no ventilation, were reviewed. The mortality, physiological and health related parameters were pooled to yield odds ratio （OR）, weighted mean differences or standardized mean differences （SMD）, with 95% confidence interval （CI）. Results Eight parallel and three crossover randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis for parallel, randomized controlled trials showed noninvasive positive pressure ventilation： （1） Did not affect the 12- or 24-month mortality （OR 0.82, 95% Ch 0.48 to 1.41）; （2） Improved the arterial carbon dioxide tension （SMD -0.88, 95% Ch -1.43 to -0.34）; （3） Did not improve forced expiratory volume in one second （SMD 0.20, 95% CI： -0.06 to 0.46）, maximal inspiratory pressure （SMD 0.01, 95% Ch -0.28 to 0.29） or 6-minute walk distance （SMD 0.17, 95% Ch -0.16 to 0.50）; （4） Subgroup analysis showed noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improved the arterial carbon dioxide tension in hypercapnic patients. Pooled analysis for crossover randomized controlled trials did not show improvement in arterial blood gas or forced expiratory volume in one second with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Conclusions Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improves the arterial carbon dioxide tension but does not improve the mortality, pulmonary function, or exercise tolerance and should be cautiously used in severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure

Objective:T o analyze the effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type II respiratory failure. Methods:90 patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure were randomly divided into observation group and control group (n=45). Control group received conventional therapy, observation group received conventional therapy+adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and differences in blood gas parameters, cardiac function, inflammatory state, etc., were compared between two groups of patients 2 weeks after treatment. Results:Arterial blood gas parameters pH and alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen [P(A-a)O2] levels of observation group were higher than those of control group while, potassium ion (K+), chloride ion (Cl-) and carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) levels were lower than those of control group 2 weeks after treatment;echocardiography parameters Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (DTIS) and pulmonary arterial velocity (PAV) levels were lower than those of control group (P<0.05) while pulmonary artery accelerating time (PAACT), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and right atrioventricular tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) levels were higher than those of control group (P<0.05);serum cardiac function indexes adiponectin (APN), Copeptin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cystatin C (CysC), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05);serum inflammatory factors hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-8, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can optimize the blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure, and it is of positive significance in improving the overall treatment outcome.

Effectiveness and safety of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for severe hypercapnic encephalopathy due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:a prospective case-control study

Background Although severe encephalopathy has been proposed as a possible contraindication to the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation （NPPV）, increasing clinical reports showed it was effective in patients with impaired consciousness and even coma secondary to acute respiratory failure, especially hypercapnic acute respiratory failure （HARF）. To further evaluate the effectiveness and safety of NPPV for severe hypercapnic encephalopathy, a prospective case-control study was conducted at a university respiratory intensive care unit （RICU） in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） during the past 3 years. Methods Forty-three of 68 consecutive AECOPD patients requiring ventilatory support for HARF were divided into 2 groups, which were carefully matched for age, sex, COPD course, tobacco use and previous hospitalization history, according to the severity of encephalopathy, 22 patients with Glasgow coma scale （GCS） 〈10 served as group A and 21 with GCS 〉10 as group B. Results Compared with group B, group A had a higher level of baseline arterial partial CO2 pressure （（102±27） mmHg vs （74±17） mmHg, P〈0.01）, lower levels of GCS （7.5±1.9 vs 12.2±1.8, P〈0.01）, arterial pH value （7.18±0.06 vs 7.28±0.07, P〈0.01） and partial 02 pressure/fraction of inspired 02 ratio （168±39 vs 189±33, P〈0.05）. The NPPV success rate and hospital mortality were 73% （16/22） and 14% （3/22） respectively in group A, which were comparable to those in group B （68% （15/21） and 14% （3/21） respectively, all P〉0.05）, but group A needed an average of 7 cmH20 higher of maximal pressure support during NPPV, and 4, 4 and 7 days longer of NPPV time, RICU stay and hospital stay respectively than group B （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. NPPV therapy failed in 12 patients （6 in each group） because of excessive airway secretions （7 patients）, hemodynamic instability （2）, worsening of dyspnea and deterioration of gas exchange （2）, and gastric content aspiration （1）. Conclusions Selected patients with severe hypercapnic encephalopathy secondary to HARF can be treated as effectively and safely with NPPV as awake patients with HARF due to AECOPD; a trial of NPPV should be instituted to reduce the need of endotracheal intubation in patients with severe hypercapnic encephalopathy who are otherwise good candidates for NPPV due to AECOPD.

吴茱萸热罨包联合穴位贴敷治疗COPD无创通气患者腹胀的效果

目的观察吴茱萸热罨包联合穴位贴敷治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)无创通气患者并发腹胀的效果。方法选取南昌大学第二附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科收治的60例COPD无创通气腹胀患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组予常规治疗及护理,观察组在对照组基础上加用吴茱萸热罨包联合穴位贴敷,2组均连续治疗3 d。比较2组患者治疗前后的肠鸣音次数、腹围及临床疗效。结果治疗后观察组每分钟肠鸣音次数多于对照组(P<0.05),腹围小于对照组(P<0.05),治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论吴茱萸热罨包联合穴位贴敷治疗COPD无创通气患者并发腹胀,可促进患者肠道蠕动,改善腹胀状况。

Early use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:a multicentre randomized controlled trial

Background Respiratory muscle fatigue plays an important role in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease (AECOPD)·In previous clinical studies, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV)was proved to be successful only for AECOPD patients with severe respiratory failure·We hypothesized that, theoutcomes of AECOPD would be improved if NPPVis early (within 24 to 48 hours of admission) administered inthose patients with respiratory muscle fatigue and mild respiratory insufficiency, especially in patients withoutfulfilling the conventional criteria of mechanical ventilatory support·Methods Aprospective multicentre randomized controlled trial was conducted in19 hospitals in China over16months·Three hundred and forty-two AECOPD patients with pH≥7·25 and PaCO2>45 mmHg were recruitedon general ward and randomly assigned to standard medical treatment (control group) or early administration ofadditional NPPV (NPPV group)·Results The characteristics of two groups on admission were similar·The number of AECOPD patientsrequiring intubations in NPPV group was much fewer than that of the control group (8/171 vs 26/71,P=0·002)·Subgroup analysis showed the needs for intubation in mildly (pH≥7·35) and severe (pH<7·30)acidotic patients in NPPVgroup were both decreased (9/80 vs2/71,P=0·047 and 8/30 vs3/43,P=0·048,respectively)·The mortality in hospital was reduced slightly by NPPV but with no significant difference (7/171vs 12/171,P=0·345)·Respiratory rate (RR),scale for accessory muscle use and arterial pHimproved rapidlyat the first 2 hours only in patients of NPPV group·After 24 hours, the differences of pH, PaO2, scale foraccessory muscle use and RR in NPPV group [(7·36±0·06) mmHg, (72±22) mmHg, (2·5±0·9) /min,(22±4) /min] were statistically significant compared with control group (7·37±0·05) mmHg, (85±34)mmHg, (2·3±1·1) /min, (21±4) /min,P<0·01 for all comparisons]·Conclusions The early use of NPPV on general ward improves arterial blood gas and respiratory pattern,decreases the rate of need for intubation in AECOPD patients·NPPV is indicative for alleviating respiratorymuscle fatigue and preventing respiratory failure from exacerbation·

胸腺肽联合无创呼吸机辅助通气治疗COPD合并呼吸衰竭的疗效观察

目的探讨胸腺肽联合无创呼吸机辅助通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并呼吸衰竭患者的疗效。方法选取2020年1月—2023年1月郑州市第一人民医院全科医学科诊治合并呼吸衰竭的COPD患者80例,依据治疗方案不同分为2组,采用无创呼吸机辅助通气纳入对照组(n=40),无创呼吸机辅助通气联合胸腺肽治疗患者纳入观察组(n=40)。治疗10 d后,比较2组临床疗效及治疗前后血氧分压(PaO_(2))、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-10(IL-10)、白介素-18(IL-18)、呼吸困难情况(MRC评分)、症状情况(CAT评分)、生活质量(SGRQ评分)。结果观察组临床治疗总有效率95.00%(38/40)高于对照组的77.50%(31/40),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.165,P=0.023);治疗后观察组PaO_(2)、SaO_(2)、IL-10高于对照组,PaCO_(2)、TNF-α、CRP、IL-18低于对照组(t=4.169、4.173、8.624、6.572、7.294、10.320、6.024,P均<0.001);治疗后,观察组MRC评分、CAT评分、SGRQ评分均低于对照组(t/P=2.715/0.008、5.440/<0.001、12.501/<0.001)。结论胸腺肽联合无创呼吸机辅助通气治疗伴有呼吸衰竭的COPD患者效果良好,可调节免疫炎性反应过程,恢复血气指标,从而改善临床症状,促进生活质量提高。

无创正压机械通气治疗AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭的效果

目的对比慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)合并呼吸衰竭(respiratory failure,RF)患者应用无创正压机械通气(noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,NPPV)与常规对症治疗在治疗效果之间的差异及2种治疗方式对血气指标、肺相关功能的影响。方法回顾性分析东台市人民医院2021年1月—2023年6月收治的82例AECOPD合并RF患者。按照治疗方法的差异分为常规组、NPPV组,各41例。对比2组患者肺功能情况、血气指标、生命体征指标、临床疗效和不良反应发生情况。结果NPPV组治疗后用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV_(1))、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量的比例(forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity,FEV_(1)/FVC)、动脉血氧分压(partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood,PaO_(2))高于常规组,而动脉血二氧化碳分压(partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood,PaCO_(2))低于常规组(P<0.05);NPPV组治疗后的呼吸频率、心率、平均动脉压均低于常规组(P<0.05);NPPV组总有效率为95.12%,高于常规组的73.17%(P<0.05);NPPV组不良反应总发生率为7.32%,低于常规组的26.83%(P<0.05)。结论NPPV治疗能够让AECOPD合并RF患者的肺功能得以提高,临床治疗效果较好,改善其血氧方面的指标及预后。

无创序贯机械通气治疗ICU重症COPD合并呼吸衰竭的临床效果

目的浅析重症加强护理病房(ICU)重症慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并呼吸衰竭患者应用无创序贯机械通气治疗的临床效果。方法78例ICU重症COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者,根据掷硬币法分为参照组及试验组,每组39例。参照组患者进行有创机械通气治疗,试验组患者进行无创序贯机械通气治疗。对比两组患者ICU入住时间、机械通气时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎发生情况及治疗前后动脉血气指标[动脉血酸碱度(pH)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))]、血清炎症细胞因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]表达水平。结果治疗4 h,试验组患者的pH、PaCO_(2)、PaO_(2)分别为(7.35±0.07)、(62.31±8.57)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、(64.82±10.17)mm Hg,对照组患者分别为(7.29±0.05)、(73.31±11.26)mm Hg、(51.53±8.25)mm Hg;治疗36 h,试验组患者的pH、PaCO_(2)、PaO_(2)分别为(7.36±0.05)、(51.98±6.02)mm Hg、(72.61±11.08)mm Hg,对照组患者分别为(7.31±0.06)、(63.21±10.69)mm Hg、(56.17±9.22)mm Hg。试验组患者治疗4、36 h的pH和PaO_(2)明显高于参照组,PaCO_(2)明显低于参照组,统计学意义成立(P<0.05)。试验组患者ICU入住时间(12.15±1.68)d和机械通气时间(10.08±1.74)d均短于参照组的(20.63±3.27)、(19.82±2.53)d,统计学意义成立(P<0.05)。试验组患者呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率低于参照组,统计学意义成立(χ^(2)=3.924,P=0.048<0.05)。试验组患者治疗后3个月的TNF-α、NF-κB、IL-6水平分别为(2.08±0.57)pg/ml、(6.48±1.12)ng/ml、(10.62±2.39)pg/ml,明显低于参照组的(3.31±0.74)pg/ml、(9.49±1.34)ng/ml、(15.31±3.15)pg/ml,统计学意义成立(P<0.05)。结论ICU重症COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者进行无创序贯机械通气治疗,能够有效改善通气功能、减少并发症、缩短病程、减轻炎症反应,值得普及应用。

BiPAP无创呼吸机联合噻托溴铵对AECOPD伴呼吸衰竭患者呼吸强度及肺功能的影响

目的:探究双水平气道正压通气(BiPAP)无创呼吸机联合噻托溴铵对急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(AECOPD)伴呼吸衰竭(呼衰)患者呼吸强度及肺功能的影响。方法:选取2020年10月—2022年9月瑞金市人民医院急诊科收治的AECOPD伴呼衰患者68例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各34例。对照组予以单独Bi PAP无创呼吸机治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用噻托溴铵,均治疗10 d。评价两组的治疗效果及不良反应发生情况,比较两组治疗前、治疗10 d后血气、呼吸动力学及肺功能指标。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(88.24%vs 67.65%)(P<0.05)。治疗10 d后,观察组动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指标(PaO_(2)/FiO_(2))、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、吸气峰值压(PIP)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)、最高呼气流速(PEF)及最大呼气中段流量(MMEF)均高于对照组,其动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、平台压(Pplat)、平均气道压(MPaw)及气道阻力(Raw)均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组和观察组不良反应发生率分别为5.88%和11.76%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:BiPAP无创呼吸机联合噻托溴铵治疗可有效改善AECOPD伴呼衰患者呼吸强度,且能够改善患者肺功能,调节血氧水平,有效且安全。

经鼻高流量氧疗联合序贯无创通气在AECOPD初始通气策略中的应用研究

目的:探讨经鼻高流量氧疗(HFNC)联合序贯无创通气(NIV)与单独NIV作为慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者初始通气策略的有效性和安全性。方法:选取2024年1—4月上饶市立医院收治的AECOPD患者58例为研究对象,并随机分为干预组与常规组,各29例。干预组给予HFNC联合序贯NIV治疗,常规组则采用单独NIV治疗。对比分析两组患者临床指标、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))水平变化、改良版英国医学研究委员会(mMRC)呼吸困难问卷分级及并发症发生率。结果:干预组患者的住院时间、总呼吸支持时间均短于常规组,NIV治疗失败率低于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗结束后6、12、18 h,干预组的PaCO_(2)水平均低于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗结束后12、18、24 h,干预组的mMRC分级均低于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组的不良反应总发生率为10.34%,与常规组的34.48%相比较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HFNC联合序贯NIV作为AECOPD初始通气策略,与单独NIV相比,可有效缩短住院时间、降低治疗失败率,改善PaCO_(2)水平及呼吸困难症状,且具有较低的不良反应发生率。

无创呼吸机治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭失败的高危因素调查及应对策略探讨

目的:探讨无创呼吸机治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭失败的高危因素调查及应对策略。方法:回顾性分析2018年10月—2023年10月丰镇市医院134例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的临床资料,收集患者一般资料及生化检验指标,分析无创呼吸机治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭失败的独立危险因素。结果:无创呼吸机治疗成功102例,失败32例。单因素及多因素分析显示,高龄、长无创通气时间、低动脉血氧分压、低酸碱度水平、高动脉血二氧化碳分压水平及脱机时白蛋白水平低均为无创呼吸机治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭失败的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:针对无创呼吸机治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭失败的危险因素,临床可采取对应预防策略,从而降低治疗失败风险,或减轻其所造成的损伤。

加味升陷汤联合体外膈肌起搏治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床效果观察

目的探究加味升陷汤联合体外膈肌起搏(EDP)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法采用随机数字表法将2022年1月~2023年5月收治的64例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者分为观察组(n=32)和对照组(n=32)。两组均予常规西医治疗,观察组加用加味升陷汤联合EDP治疗。治疗5 d后,对比两组右侧膈肌位移和膈肌增厚分数、血气分析、炎症指标。结果治疗后两组右侧膈肌指标、氧合指数均提高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后两组动脉血二氧化碳分压、炎症指标均下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在常规治疗基础上联合加味升陷汤、EDP治疗,可有效改善COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的膈肌功能、氧合指数、炎症指标,促进二氧化碳排出,缓解病情。

金龙蛤蚧平喘加味方对COPD稳定期合并骨质疏松患者骨密度和骨代谢生化标志物的影响

目的:观察金龙蛤蚧平喘加味方对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)稳定期肺肾气虚证合并骨质疏松患者骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)及骨代谢生化标志物的影响。方法:选取2022年9月至2023年8月安徽中医药大学附属滁州中西医结合医院呼吸科门诊及病房收治的COPD稳定期肺肾气虚证合并OP患者58例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和联合组,每组29例。对照组给予常规西药对症治疗,联合组在对照组治疗的基础上联合金龙蛤蚧平喘加味方治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后肺功能[1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、FEV1/FVC]、COPD评估测试问卷(COPD assessment test,CAT)评分、症状积分、BMD及骨代谢生化标志物[总碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,OC)及Ⅰ型胶原C端肽(C-terminal peptide of type 1 collagen,CTX-1)]等指标变化情况。结果:联合组治疗后腰椎BMD高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),股骨颈BMD高于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);联合组治疗后ALP、OC、CTX-1水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组治疗后腰背疼痛、腰膝酸软、下肢抽筋症状积分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组治疗后FEV1高于对照组,CAT评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:金龙蛤蚧平喘加味方能改善COPD稳定期肺肾气虚证合并骨质疏松患者的骨密度、肺功能,降低骨代谢生化标志物ALP、OC、CTX-1水平,减轻患者腰背疼痛、腰膝酸软、下肢抽筋症状。

Pulmonary infection control window in treatment of severe respiratory failure of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: a prospective, randomized controlled, multi-centred study

Background Early withdraw from invasive mechanical ventilation （MV） followed by noninvasive MV is a new strategy for changing modes of treatment. This study was conducted to estimate the feasibility and the efficacy of early extubation and sequential noninvasive MV commenced at beginning of pulmonary infection control window in patients with exacerbated hypercapnic respiratory failure caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases （ C OPD ）. Methods A prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted in eleven teaching hospitals＇ respiratory or medical intensive care units in China. Ninety intubated COPD patients with severe hypercapnic respiratory failure triggered by pulmonary infection （pneumonia or purulent bronchitis） were involved in the study. When the pulmonary infection had been controlled by antibiotics and comprehensive therapy, the “pulmonary infection control window （PIC window）” has been reached. Each case was randomly assigned to study group （extubation and noninvasive MV via facial mask immediately） or control group （ invasive MV was received continuously after PIC window by using conventional weaning technique）. Results Study group （n = 47 ） and control group （n = 43 ） had similar clinical characteristics initially and at the time of PIC window. Compared with control group, study group had shorter duration of invasive MV [ （6. 4±4. 4） days vs （ 11.3±6. 2） days, P =0. 0001, lower rate of ventilator associated pneumonia （VAP） （3/47 vs 12/43, P=0.014）, fewer days in ICU [（12 ＋8） days vs 16 ＋ 11） days, P =0.047] and lower hospital mortality （ 1/47 vs 7/43, P =0. 025）. Conclusions In COPD patients requiring intubation and lnvasive MV for hypercapnic respiratory failure, which is exacerbated by pulmonary infection, early extubation followed by noninvasive MV initiated at the start of PIC window may decrease significantly the duration of invasive MV, the risk of VAP and hospital mortality.

气道管理小组干预对有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗COPD伴呼吸衰竭患者并发症发生率的影响

目的探讨气道管理小组干预对行有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴呼吸衰竭患者并发症发生率的影响。方法选择2019年1月至2021年5月收治的行有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗COPD伴呼吸衰竭患者86例,随机数字表法分为对照组(n=43,给予常规干预)和观察组(n=43,气道管理小组干预),对比2组患者住ICU时间、机械通气时间、有创通气时间、住院时间、病死率、并发症发生率(VAP、下肢静脉栓塞、肺部感染)、再插管率、气道湿化满意度,对比干预前后2组患者血气指标[酸碱度(pH)、氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))]。结果观察组住ICU时间、机械通气时间、有创通气时间、住院时间短于对照组,(t=2.809、2.597、2.716、3.354,P=0.006、0.011、0.008、0.001)。观察组干预7 d后pH值、PaO_(2)、SaO_(2)高于对照组(t=2.055、2.538、3.128,P=0.043、0.013、0.002),PaCO_(2)水平低于对照组(t=3.268,P=0.002)。观察组病死率、并发症发生率、再插管率低于对照组(χ^(2)=4.440、7.242、4.914,P=0.035、0.007、0.027),气道湿化满意度高于对照组(χ^(2)=5.108,P=0.024)。结论气道管理小组干预能够降低并发症发生率,改善血气分析指标,缩短患者病程,提高气道湿化满意度,值得推广。

无创正压通气治疗重症COPD伴呼吸衰竭的效果及对VAP发生率的影响

目的分析无创正压通气治疗重症慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴呼吸衰竭的效果。方法选取2019年1月至2020年6月我院收治的68例重症COPD伴呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象,根据通气方式差异将其分为常规组(34例,传统机械通气治疗)和观察组(34例,无创正压通气治疗)。比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗后1、3 d,观察组的动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))高于常规组,动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))低于常规组(P<0.05)。治疗后1、3 d,观察组的第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV_(1)/FVC高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗期间的呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发生率低于常规组,机械通气时长短于常规组(P<0.05)。结论无创正压通气治疗重症COPD伴呼吸衰竭患者的效果显著,值得临床推广。