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Single-cell profiling of the pig cecum at various developmental stages
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作者 Yan-Yuan Xiao Qing Zhang +9 位作者 Fei Huang Lin Rao Tian-Xiong Yao Si-Yu Yang Lei Xie Xiao-Xiao Zou Li-Ping Cai Jia-Wen Yang Bin Yang Lu-Sheng Huang 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期55-68,共14页
The gastrointestinal tract is essential for food digestion,nutrient absorption,waste elimination,and microbial defense.Single-cell transcriptome profiling of the intestinal tract has greatly enriched our understanding... The gastrointestinal tract is essential for food digestion,nutrient absorption,waste elimination,and microbial defense.Single-cell transcriptome profiling of the intestinal tract has greatly enriched our understanding of cellular diversity,functional heterogeneity,and their importance in intestinal tract development and disease.Although such profiling has been extensively conducted in humans and mice,the single-cell gene expression landscape of the pig cecum remains unexplored.Here,single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 45572 cells obtained from seven cecal samples in pigs at four different developmental stages(days(D)30,42,150,and 730).Analysis revealed 12 major cell types and 38 subtypes,as well as their distinctive genes,transcription factors,and regulons,many of which were conserved in humans.An increase in the relative proportions of CD8^(+)T and Granzyme A(low expression)natural killer T cells(GZMA^(low)NKT)cells and a decrease in the relative proportions of epithelial stem cells,Tregs,RHEX^(+)T cells,and plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)were noted across the developmental stages.Moreover,the post-weaning period exhibited an up-regulation in mitochondrial genes,COX2 and ND2,as well as genes involved in immune activation in multiple cell types.Cell-cell crosstalk analysis indicated that IBP6^(+)fibroblasts were the main signal senders at D30,whereas IBP6^(−)fibroblasts assumed this role at the other stages.NKT cells established interactions with epithelial cells and IBP6^(+)fibroblasts in the D730 cecum through mediation of GZMA-F2RL1/F2RL2 pairs.This study provides valuable insights into cellular heterogeneity and function in the pig cecum at different development stages. 展开更多
关键词 Single-cell RNA-seq CECUM Bama Xiang pigs Various developmental stages Cellular heterogeneity
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Production evolution patterns and development stage division of waterflooding oilfields
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作者 JI Bingyu XU Ting +2 位作者 GAO Xingjun YU Hongmin LIU He 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 SCIE 2023年第2期433-441,共9页
The continuous growth of recoverable reserves in a waterflooding oilfield has a significant impact on the patterns of production evolution. A new production evolution model is established by improving the Weng Cycle m... The continuous growth of recoverable reserves in a waterflooding oilfield has a significant impact on the patterns of production evolution. A new production evolution model is established by improving the Weng Cycle model. With the new model, the statistical correspondence between the production decline stage and the reserve-production imbalance is clarified,and the correlation of water cut with the recovery percent of recoverable reserves is discussed, providing quantitative basis of reservoir engineering for dividing development stages of oilfield and defining mature oilfields. According to the statistics of oilfields in eastern China, the time point corresponding to the reserve-production balance coefficient dropping to less than 1dramatically is well correlated the beginning point of production decline, thus the time when the reserve-production balance coefficient drops dramatically can be taken as the initiation point of production decline stage. The research results show that the water cut and the recovery percent of recoverable reserves have a good statistical match in the high water cut stage, and it is more rational to take both the start point of production decline stage and the water cut of 90%(or the recovery percent of recoverable reserves of 80%) as the critical criteria for defining a mature oilfield. Five production evolution patterns can be summarized as follows: growth–peak plateau–stepped decline, growth–stepped stabilizing–stepped decline, growth–stepped stabilizing–rapid decline, growth–peak plateau–rapid decline, and growth–continuous decline. 展开更多
关键词 waterflooding oilfield production evolution development stage division recoverable reserves mature oilfield
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Nutritional Composition and Distribution of Heracleum dissectum Ledeb.at Different Growth Stages
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作者 Pan Yan Fan Lili +4 位作者 Sun Yan Li Sining Zhuang Yue Sun Haixia Zhong Rongzhen 《Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)》 CAS 2024年第3期20-32,共13页
Heracleum dissectum Ledeb.(HD)with high edible and medicinal values is distributed in Northeast Asia.To provide a reference for selecting appropriate parts and periods to harvest HD,the nutrient contents in different ... Heracleum dissectum Ledeb.(HD)with high edible and medicinal values is distributed in Northeast Asia.To provide a reference for selecting appropriate parts and periods to harvest HD,the nutrient contents in different parts of HD at three growth stages were determined.The nutrients being determined are essential nutrients closely related to human needs,and the crude protein content of HD was 3.58‒28.43 g•100 g^(-1)DW(dry weight),sugar content was 2.33‒30.92 g•100 g^(-1)DW,and soluble dietary fiber content was 9.71‒26.09 g•100 g^(-1)DW.Crude protein was mainly distributed in leaf blades and inflorescences,sugar was primarily found in roots,and dietary fiber was predominantly located in leaves.From the leaf development stage to the flowering stage and then to the late seed harvest stage,the content of moisture,crude protein and soluble sugar first decreased and then increased.In contrast,the content of dietary fiber and crude fat first increased and then decreased. 展开更多
关键词 nutrient content VEGETABLE plant organ developmental stage
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Construction Method of Civil Aircraft Airborne⁃system Supplier Development Process System
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作者 PU Youhua LI Lin LI Li 《International Journal of Plant Engineering and Management》 2024年第2期65-77,共13页
Based on the analysis of the development process system status of domestic and foreign civil aircraft airborne system suppliers,this paper proposes the overall construction idea of"a set of civil aircraft process... Based on the analysis of the development process system status of domestic and foreign civil aircraft airborne system suppliers,this paper proposes the overall construction idea of"a set of civil aircraft process system"based on IPD(Integrated product development)in the organization.The development stage,process,activity and task are the logical framework elements of the system construction."Based on process decomposition,vertical stratification,horizontal segmentation,combination of special and common,process customized to tools,role and process integration,giving full consideration to the interface between supplier management and process modules"etc.are the concrete ideas.Moreover,formulate top⁃level system construction standards,implemented by process system management tool platform,so that the process system and development work can be effectively integrated to effectively guide the development work of airborne system suppliers,and meet the quality and airworthiness requirements of civil aircraft development.Through the development application of a certain type of flight control system,the process system and tool platform were verified and optimized in practice. 展开更多
关键词 development process system development assurance process integrated product development(IPD) development stage ACTIVITY
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An algorithm for automatic identification of multiple developmental stages of rice spikes based on improved Faster R-CNN 被引量:4
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作者 Yuanqin Zhang Deqin Xiao +1 位作者 Youfu Liu Huilin Wu 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第5期1323-1333,共11页
Spike development directly affects the yield and quality of rice. We describe an algorithm for automatically identifying multiple developmental stages of rice spikes(AI-MDSRS) that transforms the automatic identificat... Spike development directly affects the yield and quality of rice. We describe an algorithm for automatically identifying multiple developmental stages of rice spikes(AI-MDSRS) that transforms the automatic identification of multiple developmental stages of rice spikes into the detection of rice spikes of diverse maturity levels. The scales vary greatly in different growth and development stages because rice spikes are dense and small, posing challenges for their effective and accurate detection. We describe a rice spike detection model based on an improved faster regions with convolutional neural network(Faster R-CNN).The model incorporates the following optimization strategies: first, Inception_Res Net-v2 replaces VGG16 as a feature extraction network;second, a feature pyramid network(FPN) replaces single-scale feature maps to fuse with region proposal network(RPN);third, region of interest(Ro I) alignment replaces Ro I pooling, and distance-intersection over union(DIo U) is used as a standard for non-maximum suppression(NMS). The performance of the proposed model was compared with that of the original Faster R-CNN and YOLOv4 models. The mean average precision(m AP) of the rice spike detection model was92.47%, a substantial improvement on the original Faster R-CNN model(with 40.96% m AP) and 3.4%higher than that of the YOLOv4 model, experimentally indicating that the model is more accurate and reliable. The identification results of the model for the heading–flowering, milky maturity, and full maturity stages were within two days of the results of manual observation, fully meeting the needs of agricultural activities. 展开更多
关键词 Improved Faster R-CNN Rice spike detection Rice spike count developmental stage identification
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Grain size distribution at four developmental stages of crescent dunes in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert,China 被引量:4
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作者 JIA Wenru ZHANG Chunlai +3 位作者 LI Shengyu WANG Haifeng MA Xuexi WANG Ningbo 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第5期722-733,共12页
Although scientists have performed many studies on crescent (barchan) dunes in the Taklimakan Desert,few studies reported the changes in grain size at different development stages of crescent dunes.In order to evalu... Although scientists have performed many studies on crescent (barchan) dunes in the Taklimakan Desert,few studies reported the changes in grain size at different development stages of crescent dunes.In order to evaluate the changing trends of surface sediment grain size with dune development,we investigated the grain size characteristics at four developmental stages (oval sand pile,shield dune,incipient crescent dune and mature crescent dune) of crescent dunes by measuring the morphology of sand dune and observing the near-surface wind regime.The dunes have developed in a wide inter-dune corridor between high compound longitudinal ridges in China's Taklimakan Desert.The surface sediments at four developmental stages of the crescent dunes were primarily composed of fine sands,followed by very fine and medium sands.Mean grain sizes ranged from 2.8 to 3.1 φ,with a unimodal distribution.The sands were moderately well-sorted,their distribution varied from platykurtic to very platykurtic,and symmetrical or skewed towards the fine particles.From oval sand piles through shield and incipient crescent dunes to mature crescent dunes,incipient grain size gradually increased,particles became finer,sorting became better,kurtosis and skewness increased.Grain sizes on the surface layer became coarser upwards from the toe of the windward slope and then became finer towards the bottom of the leeward slope.We found that the coarsest particles at different positions at the four developmental stages were different.The coarsest particles were distributed at the top of the oval sand piles and shield dunes,versus at the middle of the windward slope of the incipient and mature crescent dunes.Correlations between the mean grain size and other grain size parameters showed that as mean grain size became finer,sorting became better and kurtosis became wider,but skewness changed only slightly.In addition,grain size variation in the surface sediments correlated with the movement speed of the dunes in the study area.In the open ground among tall-complex longitudinal ridges in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert where aeolian environment is characterized by comparatively strong wind and unsaturated sand flow,faster dune movement corresponded to coarser grain size. 展开更多
关键词 crescent dune developmental stage grain size Taklimakan Desert
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Development Stage and Evolution Cause of European Union Agriculture and Suggestions for Chinese Agricultural Development 被引量:1
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作者 Yawen WANG 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2017年第6期24-29,34,共7页
Agriculture is a basic industry related to national economy and people’s livelihood,and is also the cornerstone of national economic development. European Union(EU) is the second largest exporter of agricultural prod... Agriculture is a basic industry related to national economy and people’s livelihood,and is also the cornerstone of national economic development. European Union(EU) is the second largest exporter of agricultural products in the world,and its agricultural production change has international influence. In this paper,starting from two angles of EU agricultural development scale and target,development stage of its agricultural production is explored,and development and evolution causes of EU agriculture are analyzed: efficiency and benefit targets cause change of EU agricultural management model; change of agricultural product supply-demand pattern leads the evolution of EU agricultural development idea; the reflection of agricultural development target impels the transformation of EU agricultural development. On this basis,the below conclusions are obtained: agricultural development could evolve according to the changes of economic and social conditions; it is a necessary requirement of promoting internal market stability and international market harmony to actively use agricultural support policies adapting to agricultural development at each stage; it is an important measurement of impelling agricultural modernization process to promote innovation of agricultural management model and development of market integration; it is an inevitable road of realizing sustainable development of agriculture to develop ecological agriculture and emphasize equal development of agriculture and countryside. On this basis,it could provide the reference for agricultural development of China based on EU agricultural development experience. 展开更多
关键词 EU agriculture Agricultural subsidy policy Agricultural development stage Suggestions
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Transcriptome analysis of kelp Saccharina japonica unveils its weird transcripts and metabolite shift of main components at different sporophyte developmental stages 被引量:1
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作者 DING Haiyan GUO Li +1 位作者 LI Xiaojie YANG Guanpin 《Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第2期640-650,共11页
Saccharina japonica is an economically important cold water brown alga extensively cultivated in China. It is cultivated upside down under a floating rope net with its holdfast and meristematic area facing sunlight an... Saccharina japonica is an economically important cold water brown alga extensively cultivated in China. It is cultivated upside down under a floating rope net with its holdfast and meristematic area facing sunlight and UV irradiation and its blade tip toward dark, and other worse cultivation environmental factors also make S . japonic a face more stresses. In this study, S . japonica transcriptomes corresponding to its four developmental stages were analyzed. In total, 7 800 genes predicted in the genome were transcribed. We found that 1 208 of the 7 800 expressed and 2 697 annotated were virus associating genes. Of 778 diff erentially expressed genes (DEGs), 372 were annotatable and 209 were virus associating. Such portion of virus associating genes indicated that the S . japonica genome contained a large portion of active virus originating genes. It was found that the transcripts abundance associated with sugar biosynthesis was about 2.13 folds of all the expressed, indicating that the biosyntheses of structural and storage sugars were very important cellular processes. The total abundance of genes involved in the biosynthesis of alginate and laminarin were similar among all developmental stages, however, that of genes involved in the biosynthesis of mannitol increased about 2-folds from mushroom and adult stages to mature and aging stages. This trend explained our observation that the content of alginate was almost constant at diff erent development stages, while that of mannitol increased sharply. In addition, we found that a set of defense and cell recurring genes highly expressed and many of them expressed diff erentially among stages. On average, the sum abundance of the transcripts of these genes at four stages were 3.40-and 4.96-folds of all the annotated and all the expressed, respectively. This indicated that S . japonica sporophytes persistently respond possible pathogen and environment stresses. The findings are important for timing S . japonica harvest and amending the current cultivation mode. 展开更多
关键词 SACCHARINA JAPONICA transcriptome developmental stage sugar biosynthesis defense
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Irradiance and Developmental Stages of Crown Architecture Affect Shoot Production in <i>Rhododendron reticulatum</i> 被引量:1
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作者 Kenichi Yoshimura 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2013年第5期69-76,共8页
Plasticity in crown architecture, contributing to leaf arrangement within crown, is an important feature for whole plant carbon assimilation and survival. In this study, I examined the plasticity in crown architecture... Plasticity in crown architecture, contributing to leaf arrangement within crown, is an important feature for whole plant carbon assimilation and survival. In this study, I examined the plasticity in crown architecture to light condition and developmental stage by the changes in shoot production. Rhododendron reticulatum expands crown with orthotropic growth in monopodial branching in young stage, but orthotropic growth is ceased in adult stage. Main stem of young crown is described with monopodial branching regardless of light environment. But multi-layer crown is observed in sun-lit environment rather than mono-layer crown in adult stage. Long shoot production for each branching system (foliage derived from sympodial branching) in young crown is associated with local light environment, but not in adult crown. Long shoot production rate is correlated with long shoot production rate of its mother shoot in young crown, but not in mono-layer crown. These results suggest that young crown expands branches to sun-lit position whereas adult crown reduces congestion of shoots with stochastic shoot production regardless of shoot production of mother shoots. I concluded that both light and developmental stage are important factors for shoot production and constructing crown architecture. 展开更多
关键词 Branching Crown Architecture DAUGHTER SHOOT developmental stage SHOOT PRODUCTION
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Quantitative division of succession and spatial patterns among different stand developmental stages in Changbai Mountains 被引量:1
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作者 GONG Zhi-wen KANG Xin-gang GU Li 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第9期2063-2078,共16页
Broadleaf-Korean pine forests exhibit high species richness and distinctive species composition, which are currently becoming more dominant among natural forests in Changbai Mountains of northeastern China. Understand... Broadleaf-Korean pine forests exhibit high species richness and distinctive species composition, which are currently becoming more dominant among natural forests in Changbai Mountains of northeastern China. Understanding the ecological process of restored vegetation is quite important for ecosystem reconstruction. Distinguishing stand development stages and analyzing the dynamic spatial patterns could provide insights into significant community coexistence mechanisms. In the present study, eight permanent study areas were established according to the substituting space for time method in Changbai Mountains of north-eastern China. The optimal division method was used to quantify the successional series into different stand development stages, and the point pattern analysis method(L(r) function) was used to analyse the dynamic changes in spatial patterns and interspecific associations. Our results suggested that:(1) The stand development process was divided into five stages: the first three stages were poplar-birch secondary forests in different stages of recovery, the fourth stage was thespruce-fir mixed forest, and the last stage was the primary broadleaf-Korean pine forest;(2) The spatial pattern showed an aggregated distribution at a small scale and changed to a random distribution as the scale increased in poplar-birch secondary forests, but the spatial pattern appeared to be randomly distributed in spruce-fir mixed forest and broadleafKorean pine forest;(3) The interspecific associations between pioneer species and climax species changed from negative to positive among the different stand stages, and environmental resources were shared among these species. Interspecific differences in shade tolerance among the tree species were key determinants of forest dynamics and structure. Our study is vital to the understanding of the forest development;thus, the spatial change features should receive greater attention when forest management is being planned and restoration strategies are being developed for the Changbai Mountains. 展开更多
关键词 Dynamic spatial patterns INTERSPECIFIC association Optimal DIVISION method STAND developmentAL stageS Space for time substitution
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Comparison of the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Two Developmental Stages in Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing (Cyanophyta)
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作者 LI Dun-hai CHEN Lan-zhou +2 位作者 LI Gen-bao WANG Gao-hong LIU Yong-ding 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 EI CAS 2005年第5期931-935,共5页
The photosynthetic activities between two main developmental stages, colony and hormogonium, of the edible cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing, were compared. Hormogonia have a higher content of chlorophyll than... The photosynthetic activities between two main developmental stages, colony and hormogonium, of the edible cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing, were compared. Hormogonia have a higher content of chlorophyll than that of colonies. It showed that the ratios of phycocyain (PC), allophycocyain (APC) and phycoerythrocyanin (PEC) in hormogonia and colonies were different. The room temperature chlorophyll fluorescence, 77 K chlorophyll fluorescence, measurements of PSⅠand PS Ⅱ activities all showed that colony has higher photosynthetic competence than hormogonia. Hormogonia had a higher respiration rate than colony, while their maximum photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates were very close. The responses of hormogonia and colonies to high light illuminations also were different. Both of their oxygen evolution rates decreased quickly with the prolonged high light illumination, but hormogonia can keep relatively higher PSⅡ activity (Fv/Fm) than that of colonies. The results suggested that colony was photosynthetically more competent than hormogonia, while the ability of hormogonia to tolerate high light illumination was higher than that of colony. 展开更多
关键词 chlorophyll fluorescence COLONY hormogonia developmental stage Nostoc sphaeroides Kutz. photosynthetic competence
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Discussion on the Regional Division of the Development Stage of China's Wind Power
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作者 Wu Fenglin Fang Chuanglin 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2010年第4期37-40,共4页
This paper constructs the index system of the regional division of the development stage of China's wind power resources,including the index of energy,the index of wind energy endowments and other indices.Based on... This paper constructs the index system of the regional division of the development stage of China's wind power resources,including the index of energy,the index of wind energy endowments and other indices.Based on principal component analysis and layered clustering analysis of these indices,and combined with the conceptual function of the development and utilization stage of the wind power,this paper divides the development and utilization stage of the wind power into four stages taking province as the basic yardstick:optimization growth stage,the rapid growth stage,the slow growth stage and the initial growth stage.In addition,this paper briefly discusses the basic strategy that should be adopted in each development stage of wind power resources. 展开更多
关键词 wind power resources development stage wind power tourism division China
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Efficient Resource Allocation to Take Center Stage in China's Economic Development
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作者 吕政 《China Economist》 2016年第2期13-24,共12页
China has basically succeeded in its quantitative catch-up with advanced economies and has now entered into a new stage of economic development focused on the greater efficiency of resource allocation. In order to ach... China has basically succeeded in its quantitative catch-up with advanced economies and has now entered into a new stage of economic development focused on the greater efficiency of resource allocation. In order to achieve the objectives of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, efforts must be made to reform the "petty-farmer" economic mode of production while promoting specialization, modernization, and economies of scale. The restructuring and upgrade of the manufacturing sector should be focused on existing industries and the development of high-end industries while maintaining China's comparative advantage in narrowing technology gaps with advanced economies. The goal should be to transform China from a large industrial manufacturer into a competitive one. Technological innovation should be based on demand, supported by projects, carried out by firms through the social division of labor, and work to increase the capacity of la^e enterprises to integrate the results of innovation. Materialized labor consumption and logistical costs must be reduced, and the quality and level of urbanization must be increased. To assist productivity development, urban citizenship should be granted to rural migrant workers. In addition, the urbanization of those who remain in the countryside should be promoted in order for rural populations to enjoy the benefits of industrially robust, technologically modern and ecologically sound civilization. 展开更多
关键词 economic development stage efficiency of resource innovation manufacturing restructuring URBANIZATION
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China's Auto Industry Enters Rapid Development Stage
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作者 Qi Jingmei 《China's Foreign Trade》 2002年第11期26-29,共4页
关键词 AUTO In China’s Auto Industry Enters Rapid development stage BMW
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The Eight Stages of Psychosocial Protective Development: Developmental Psychology 被引量:1
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作者 Dingyu Chung 《Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science》 2018年第6期369-398,共30页
The proposed universal psychological mechanism for developmental psychology is the mental protective system whose different parts emerge and mature in the eight different stages of psychosocial protective development ... The proposed universal psychological mechanism for developmental psychology is the mental protective system whose different parts emerge and mature in the eight different stages of psychosocial protective development under different social interactions. The proposed eight stages of psychosocial protective development are childhood (infancy, toddlerhood, pre-juvenile age, and juvenile age), adolescence, early young adulthood, late young adulthood, early middle adulthood, late middle adulthood, early late adulthood, and late late adulthood. The mental protection system consists of four socialities (collectivistic, individualistic, interdependent, and generativity), three worldviews (territorial, competitive, and cooperative), and the mental immune system for four regulated and unregulated countermeasures (hyperactivity, phobia, comforter, and rationality) against adversities. During childhood, dependent children have collectivistic sociality under the protection of committed parents and territorial worldview with the boundary of family. Children start with the unregulated mental immune system without delayed gratification due to mental immaturity, and gradually acquire the regulated mental immune system with delayed gratification through mental maturity. Adolescents transit to adulthood. Independent adults have the regulated metal immune system, individualistic sociality with reciprocity, and competitive-cooperative worldviews without boundary. After the age of 50, older people as elder leaders-mentors develop generativity sociality to protect next generation. The paper shows that the mental protective system as the universal psychological mechanism for developmental psychology explains clearly psychosocial protective development, the human evolution, the Piaget’s cognitive development, the Erikson’s psychosocial (ego-social) development, the Confucius’ (educated person’s) six milestones of life, and parent-child relation in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) and Confucianism. 展开更多
关键词 developmentAL Psychology Mental Protection System Universal Psychological Mechanism PSYCHOSOCIAL Protective development developmentAL stageS Brain Human Evolution Jean Piaget. Erik ERIKSON Confucius Abrahamic RELIGIONS Confucianism
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New Stage for Railway Reform and Development
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作者 Han Shubin, Minister of Railways 《China's Foreign Trade》 1997年第6期11-13,共3页
1. Review of railway work in 1996 The year 1996 was an important year for China’s railways in facing a historic turning point—— committing itself to a programme of structural re-
关键词 WORK In over HIGH LINE New stage for Railway Reform and development
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Exploring the Developmental Stages of Amharic Nominal and Verbal Gender:Evidence for processability theory
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作者 Henok Alemu Derib Ado 《宏观语言学》 2022年第1期36-76,共41页
The purpose of this article is twofold.First,it explores the order of the development of nominal and verbal gender of Amharic,which is one of the Ethio-Semitic languages.Second,it provides empirical evidence for the t... The purpose of this article is twofold.First,it explores the order of the development of nominal and verbal gender of Amharic,which is one of the Ethio-Semitic languages.Second,it provides empirical evidence for the typological plausibility of processability theory(PT).In fact,PT has been tested in typologically different languages(e.g.,English,Italian,and Japan);however,it does not have any validation from Ethiopian languages in general and Ethio-Semitic languages in particular yet.Relevant data was collected from sixteen respondents via picture description tasks,short storytelling,interviews,story re-telling,and spot the difference tasks.Distributional analysis was conducted for the analysis,and the point of emergence of target structures was determined using the emergence criteria.Accordingly,the result shows that the development of gender assignment is compatible with processability theory’s predictions in that lexical procedure precedes phrasal procedure,which is followed by S-procedure.Moreover,the masculine gender emerged earlier than its feminine counterpart at all developmental stages.However,subject agreement markers in pro-drop context emerged at stage two preceding subject verb agreement.This finding is against processability theory’s claim that suggests subject agreement markers only emerge at stage four of the processability hierarchy disregarding their stages of development in pro-drop context in particular. 展开更多
关键词 processability theory gender agreement developmental stages morpho syntax Amharic interlanguage
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Changes in hippocampal neurons and memory function during the developmental stage of newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
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作者 Chuanjun Liu1, Yue Li2, Huiying Gao3 1Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Taian Health Center for Women and Children,Taian 271000, Shandong Province, China 2Department of Anatomy, 3Department of Histology and Embryology, Taishan Medical College, Taian 271000, Shandong Province, China 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第8期681-684,共4页
BACKGROUND: Under the normal circumstance, there exist some synapses with inactive functions in central nervous system (CNS), but these functions are activated following nerve injury. At the early stage of brain injur... BACKGROUND: Under the normal circumstance, there exist some synapses with inactive functions in central nervous system (CNS), but these functions are activated following nerve injury. At the early stage of brain injury, the abnormal functions of brain are varied, and they have very strong plasticity and are corrected easily. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of neuronal morphology in hippocampal CA1 region and memory function in newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) from ischemia 6 hours to adult. DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping, controlled experiment. SETTING: Taian Health Center for Women and Children; Taishan Medical College. MATERIALS: Altogether 120 seven-day-old Wistar rats, of clean grade, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Synaptophysin (SYN) polyclonal antibody was provided by Maixin Biological Company, Fuzhou. METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Morphology, Taishan Medical College between October 2000 and December 2003. ① The newborn rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: model group and control group, 60 rats in each group. Five rats were chosen from each group at postoperative 6 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 2 weeks and 3 weeks separately for immunohistochemical staining. Fifteen newborn rats were chosen from each group at postoperative 4 weeks and 2 months separately for testing memory ability (After test, 5 rats from each group were sacrificed and used for immunohistochemical staining)② The right common carotid artery of newborn rats of model group was ligated under the anesthetized status. After two hours of incubation, the rats were placed for 2 hours in a container filled with nitrogen oxygen atmosphere containing 0.08 volume fraction of oxygen, thus, HIE models were created; As for the newborn rats in the control group, only blood vessels were isolated, and they were not ligated and hypoxia-treated. ③ Thalamencephal tissue sections of newborn rats of two groups were performed DAB developing and haematoxylin slight staining. Cells with normal nucleous in 250 μm-long granular layer which started from hippocampal CA1 region were counted with image analysis system under high-fold optical microscope (×600), and the thickness of granular layer was measured. The absorbance (A) of positive reactant of SYN in immunohistochemically-stained CA1 region was measured. Learning and memory ability were measured with step through test 3 times successively. ④ t test and paired t test were used for comparing intergroup and intragroup difference of measurement data respectively, and Chi-square for comparing the difference of enumeration data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of cytological changes in hippocampal CA1 region and memory ability at different postoperative time points between two groups. RESULTS: Totally 120 newborn rats were involved in the result analysis. ① Cell morphological changes in hippocampal CA1 region: In the control group, with aging, perikaryon, nucleus and nucleolus in cortex of parietal lobe were significantly increased, Nissl body was compacted, the amount of neurons was declined, but the A of SYN positive reactant was relatively increased. In the model group, at postoperative each time point, neurons were seriously shrunk and dark-stained, nucleus was contracted, chromatin was condensed, nucleolus was unclear, even cells disappeared, especially the cells in 6 hours and 24 hours groups. The amount of neurons with normal morphology in hippocampal CA1 region and granular layer thickness in the model group at postoperative each time point were significantly less or smaller than those in the control group at postoperative 6 hours respectively (t =3.002-1.254, P < 0.01). The A value of SYN positive reactant at postoperative 2, 3 and 4 weeks was significantly higher than that at previous time point (t =2.011-2.716,P < 0.05-0.01). ② Test results of learning and memory ability: In the first test, there was no significant difference in the ratio of rats which kept memory ability between two groups (P > 0.05); In the third test, the ratio of rats which kept memory ability in the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group at postoperative 4 weeks and 2 months[53%(8/15),100%(15/15);60%(9/15),93%(14/15),χ 2=2.863,2.901,P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: The destroyed hippocampal structure induces the decrease of learning and memory ability of developmental rats. Early interference can increase the quality of neurons and also promote functional development of the nervous system. 展开更多
关键词 Changes in hippocampal neurons and memory function during the developmental stage of newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
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Development Zones Enter New Stage
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作者 Qi Yuan 《China's Foreign Trade》 1995年第2期7-7,共1页
The economic and technological development zones (ETDZ) in China began their 11th year in 1995. Since 1984 the State Council has approved 32 ETDZs. In the past few years the ETDZs have gained remarkable achievements i... The economic and technological development zones (ETDZ) in China began their 11th year in 1995. Since 1984 the State Council has approved 32 ETDZs. In the past few years the ETDZs have gained remarkable achievements in improving the investment climate, raising the management and service level and attracting foreign funds. The economic benefits have had a simultaneous develonment in the first 14 ETDZs in 展开更多
关键词 US development Zones Enter New stage
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Erratum to “Irradiance and Developmental Stages of Crown Architecture Affect Shoot Production in <i>Rhododendron reticulatum</i>” [American Journal of Plant Sciences 4 (2013) 69-76]
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作者 Kenichi Yoshimura 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2014年第13期2005-2005,共1页
The original online version of this article (Yoshimura, K. (2013) Irradiance and Developmental Stages of Crown Architecture Affect Shoot Production in Rhododendron reticulatum. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4, 6... The original online version of this article (Yoshimura, K. (2013) Irradiance and Developmental Stages of Crown Architecture Affect Shoot Production in Rhododendron reticulatum. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4, 69-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.45A011) was published as a single-author paper mistakenly. To reflect the contribution and responsibility of the second author as well as the affiliations of the authors at the time of the study, we have revised the authorship and author affiliations of this article. The author wishes to correct the errors as: Kenichi Yoshimura1,2, Hiroaki Ishii1 1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan 2Present Address: Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan Email: y.shimuken@gmail. 展开更多
关键词 Branching Crown Architecture DAUGHTER SHOOT developmental stage SHOOT PRODUCTION
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