急诊拇指撕脱离断伤再植及一期Flow-through前臂静脉皮瓣或掌骨头间静脉转位修复效果观察

目的:探讨急诊拇指撕脱离断伤再植及一期Flow-through前臂静脉皮瓣或掌骨头间静脉转位修复的效果。方法:选取2018年2月-2020年3月笔者医院收治的83例急诊拇指撕脱离断伤患者为研究对象。其中62例静脉缺损患者,采用再植联合掌骨头间静脉转位修复,21例皮肤缺损及背侧静脉缺损患者,采用再植联合一期Flow-through前臂静脉皮瓣修复。术后,记录患者住院时间、手术时间及术中出血量,并记录术后7?d内患者并发症;术后3个月及术后12个月,分别对患者拇指功能进行评估;术后12个月,统计患者的治疗满意度。结果:患者手术时间为(3.42±0.69)h;术中出血量为(10.37±2.15)ml;住院时间为(7.42±1.83)d。术后12个月患者拇指功能优良率(95.18%)高于术后3个月(85.54%)(P<0.05)。83例患者术后皮瓣全部存活,术后7?d内,2例动脉危象,2例静脉危象,5例一期Flow-through皮瓣术后出现早期张力性水疱、肿胀瘀血,脱痂换药后皮瓣全部存活。随访12个月,皮瓣与再植指血运良好,拇指外形饱满,感觉功能部分恢复,对掌对指功能明显恢复。术后12个月,患者的治疗满意度为(82.79±6.85)分。结论:急诊拇指撕脱离断伤给予再植及一期Flow-through前臂静脉皮瓣或掌骨头间静脉转位修复效果良好,且患者治疗满意度良好,可临床推广应用。

Catastrophe Model of Steam Flow Excitation Vibration in Steam Turbine Governing Stage

汽流激振是影响大型汽轮机组安全运行的主要故障之一。根据突变理论、非线性振动理论以及流体动力学，从机理分析的角度出发，对汽轮机调节级在部分进汽下导致的汽流激振突变性能进行了定量分析。建立了部分进汽情况下调节级气流激振力模型，以及考虑汽流激振力的调节级非线性动力学模型，通过基于突变理论的推导，得到了调节级汽流激振的尖点突变流形和分岔集，确定了系统汽流激振突变的影响因子，讨论了振幅突变与影响因子的相关性，划分了系统工作的突变区域。最后，利用数值计算方法对汽流激振的幅值响应进行了分析，分析结果验证了基于突变理论的汽流激振突变分析方法的正确性。研究成果为汽轮机汽流激振突变性能的研究提供了一条新的途径。

Study of steady and unsteady wet steam condensing flows in a turbine stage

Objective To develop the numerical method for the steady and unsteady wet steam condensing flow in turbine stage. Methods An Eulerian/Eulerian numerical model is used to describe the spontaneous condensation flow in the steam turbine. For the steady condensing flow computations, the mixing plane model was used. For the unsteady condensing flow computations, the sliding mesh method was used to simulate the rotor-stator interactions. Results The numerical results showed the obvious differences between non-condensing and condensing flows. The results also showed the unsteadiness effect due to rotor-stator interactions had a deep influence on the formation and growth process of water droplets. Conclusion The numerical methods presented in this paper are valid for the condensing flow in the turbine stage.

Turbulence Characteristics of Swirling Reacting Flow in a Combustor with Staged Air Injection

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the turbulent reacting flow in a swirl combustor with staged air injection. The air injected into the combustor is composed of the primary swirling jet and the secon-dary non-swirling jet. A three dimension-laser particle dynamic analyzer (PDA) was employed to measure the in-stantaneous gas velocity. The probability density functions (PDF) for the instantaneous gas axial and tangential ve-locities at each measuring location, as well as the radial profiles of the root mean square of fluctuating gas axial and tangential velocities and the second-order moment for the fluctuating gas axial and tangential velocities are ob-tained. The measured results delineate the turbulence properties of the swirling reacting flow under the conditions of staged combustion.

Relations among Sap Flow, Soil Moisture, Weather, and Soybean Plant Parameters in High Water Demand and Final Growth Stages

The dynamics of sap flow in relation to plant morphology and weather conditions during reproductive growth of soybean (Glycine max. L. Merr.) influence decisions pertaining to efficient irrigation management and other inputs for high yields. Field studies began in 2017 at Marianna, Arkansas to measure moisture dynamics of soybeans during seed fill (R5 to R7) using heat balance stem flow gauges. Sap flow was highly correlated to solar radiation with maximum rates observed during beginning seed fill (R5). A solar radiation efficiency (SRE) value, calculated as hourly sap flow rate per Watt-hour of solar radiation (g/Wh2), is proposed. The SRE relates to crop water demand and hydraulic resistance of the soil-root-stem-leaf-pod-seed pathway. SRE values ranged from 0 - 1.2 g/Wh2. Soil moisture, growth stage, time of day, and weather conditions influenced the SRE, with higher values observed in the morning, late afternoon, and during R5 growth. Peak sap flows of 39 g/h at R5, 25 g/h at R6, and 3 g/h at R7 occurred. The ratio of measured sap flow to estimated crop evapotranspiration was 0.9 to 1.3 during R5 to R6.9 (maximum dry matter), but dropped to 0.2 at R7. Further research is needed to better understand late season reproductive moisture dynamics in soybeans.

Experiment research on two-stage dry-fed entrained flow coal gasifier

The process flow and the main devices of a new two-stage dry-fed coal gasification pilot plant with a throughout of 36 t/d are introduced in this paper. For comparison with the traditional one-stage gasifiers, the influences of the coal feed ratio between two stages on the performance of the gasifier are detailedly studied by a series of experiments. The results reveal that the two-stage gasification decreases the temperature of the syngas at the outlet of the gasifier, simplifies the gasification process, and reduces the size of the syngas cooler. Moreover, the cold gas efficiency of the gasifier can be improved by using the two-stage gasification. In our experiments, the efficiency is about 3%-6% higher than the existing one-stage gasifiers.

Determination of minimum flood flow for regeneration of floodplain forest from inundated forest width-stage curve

Floods are essential for the regeneration and growth of floodplain forests in arid and semiarid regions. However, river flows, and especially flood flows, have decreased greatly with the increase of water diversion from rivers and/or reservoir regulation, resulting in severe deterioration of floodplain ecosystems. Estimation of the flood stage that will inundate the floodplain forest is necessary for the forest＇s restoration or protection. To balance water use for economic purposes and floodplain forest protection, the inundated forest width method is proposed for estimating the minimum flood stage for floodplain forests from the inundated forest width-stage curve. The minimum flood stage is defined as the breakpoint of the inundated forest width-stage curve, and is determined directly or analytically from the curve. For the analytical approach, the problem under consideration is described by a multi-objective optimization model, which can be solved by the ideal point method. Then, the flood flow at the minimum flood stage （minimum flood flow）, which is useful for flow regulation, can be calculated from the stage-discharge curve. In order to protect the forest in a river floodplain in a semiarid area in Xinjiang subject to reservoir regulation upstream, the proposed method was used to determine the minimum flood stage and flow for the forest. Field survey of hydrology, topography, and forest distribution was carried out at typical cross sections in the floodplain. Based on the survey results, minimum flood flows for six typical cross sections were estimated to be between 306 m3/s and 393 m3/s. Their maximum, 393 m3/s, was considered the minimum flood flow for the study river reach. This provides an appropriate flood flow for the protection of floodplain forest and can be used in the regulation of the upstream reservoir.

Employment of Two-Stage Oxygen Feeding to Control Temperature in a Downdraft Entrained-Flow Coal Gasifier

The traditional practice of employing a two-stage coal-fed gasification process is to feed all of the oxygen to provide a vigorous amount of combustion in the first stage but only feed the coal without oxygen in the second stage to allow the endothermic gasification process to occur downstream of the second stage. One of the merits of this 2-stage practice is to keep the gasifier temperature low downstream from the 2nd stage. This helps to extend the life of refractory bricks, decrease gasifier shut-down frequency for scheduled maintenance, and reduce the maintenance costs. In this traditional 2-stage practice, the temperature reduction in the second stage is achieved at the expense of a higher than normal temperature in the first stage. This study investigates a concept totally opposite to the traditional two-stage coal feeding practices in which the injected oxygen is split between the two stages, while all the coal is fed into the first stage. The hypothesis of this two-stage oxygen injection is that a distributed oxygen injection scheme can also distribute the release of heat to a larger gasifier volume and, thus, reduce the peak temperature distribution in the gasifier. The increased life expectancy and reduced maintenance of the refractory bricks can prevail in the entire gasifier and not just downstream from the second stage. In this study, both experiments and computational simulations have been performed to verify the hypothesis. A series of experiments conducted at 2.5 - 3.0 bars shows that the peak temperature and temperature range in the gasifier do decrease from 600?C - 1550?C with one stage oxygen injection to 950?C - 1230?C with a 60 - 40 oxygen split-injection. The CFD results conducted at 2.5 bars show that 1) the carbon conversion ratio for different oxygen injection schemes are all above 95%;2) H2 (about 70% vol.) dominates the syngas composition at the exit;3) the 80% - 20% case yields the lowest peak temperature and the most uniform temperature distribution along the gasifier;and 4) the 40% - 60% case produces the syngas with the highest HHV. Both experimental data and CFD predictions verify the hypothesis that it is feasible to reduce the peak temperature and achieve more uniform temperature in the gasifier by adequately controlling a two-stage oxygen injection with only minor changes of the composition and heating value of the syngas.

过渡流道对串联高速离心泵空化特性的影响

为分析不同结构的过渡流道对串联高速离心泵空化特性的影响,以某型串联高速离心泵的第2级为研究对象,基于ANSYS Fluent中Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型,采用RNG k-ε双方程湍流模型对同一工况下环形和螺旋形过渡流道在不同空化数下的增压值、叶片空化面积、流道内空泡体积进行了对比分析.结果表明:采用螺旋形过渡流道的次级离心泵在流量区间32000~64000 L/h增压值提升约8.5%,大流量工况(qV>52000 L/h)下效率提升3%~6%.次级叶轮发生完全空化时,相比环形过渡流道,螺旋形过渡流道次级叶轮叶片背面空化面积和流道内空泡体积均有所下降.由此可见,螺旋形过渡流道抑制了叶轮叶片空化气泡的产生,提升了次级叶轮的抗空化性能.

含不相关机的多目标混合流水车间调度

考虑不相关机和传送等因素的多阶段混合流水车间问题,以最小化最大完工时间和总能耗为优化目标建立整数规划模型。针对该问题,提出一种多目标离散灰狼优化算法来求解。设计基于机器分配码和速度选择码的编码方式和基于最短处理时间原则的解码方案;采用反向学习策略改进初始灰狼种群质量;将基于多点变异的自走模式和基于均匀两点交叉与多点交叉的跟随模式结合构成搜索模式以协调开发和搜索能力;引入精英保留策略确保优良个体不丢失。通过一系列的仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。

考虑射孔摩阻的水平井段内多裂缝流量均衡分配规律研究

水平井分段多簇压裂过程中,簇间应力阴影将引起多裂缝进液差异。页岩气藏生产测井数据表明,超过40%的射孔簇对油气产量无贡献。为揭示多裂缝非均匀扩展机制,建立了考虑多孔介质流固耦合的多裂缝竞争扩展有限元模型,构建了井筒流动模型,并对压裂液流动压降进行了简化表征,设计引入了管流单元和流体连接单元,有效模拟了井筒与孔眼处的流量动态分配,研究了射孔摩阻对多裂缝进液分配比例的影响规律。结果表明:当射孔摩阻增大到特定阈值时,多裂缝流量分配比例将由簇间应力阴影转变为射孔摩阻控制,合理布置低孔密、孔数可有效增大射孔摩阻,促进多裂缝均衡扩展;利用该模型对西南某区块X水平井射孔方案进行优化,当簇间距为15 m、孔径为0.015 m、总孔数由50降至32时,单簇平均进液量提高了0.125 m^(3)/min,各簇进液差异系数为3.9%;非均匀布孔时,单簇平均进液量提高了0.101 m^(3)/min,各簇进液差异系数为4.1%。该研究为水平井多裂缝均匀扩展提供了理论方法和参考依据。

五里堠井田煤层气井单相水流阶段合理降幅的确定

为了确定煤层气井单相水流阶段的合理降幅,最大化地保证煤层气井的水压传播距离,以五里堠井田煤层气井为研究对象,对研究区地下水势进行计算,拟合得出地下水势与平均日产水量的关系;以研究区地下水势平均值为界限,将研究区地下水势分为高地下水势和低地下水势,分析了高地下水势区、低地下水势区煤层气井产水特征差异。基于地下水势、地层供液指数、单相水流阶段压裂液量返排率的关系,建立了单相水流阶段合理降幅数学模型,研究区排采数据验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上,根据研究区地下水势差异性,预测了相应的单相水流阶段合理降幅范围。研究结果表明:研究区地下水势与平均日产水量为正相关关系,不同水势区煤层气井产水特征差异明显,其中,高地下水势区煤层气井排采初期日产水量增长迅速,排采中后期日产水量衰减明显;低地下水势区煤层气井排采初期日产水量增长较慢,排采中后期日产水量无明显变化。单相水流阶段,随着地下水势的增加,地层供液指数、压裂液返排率也随之增大;不同地下水势区域,单相流阶段合理降幅范围不同。研究区东北部及中部,单相水流阶段合理降幅范围为0.018~0.024 MPa/d;研究区西北部、南部,单相水流阶段合理降幅范围为0.007~0.017 MPa/d。该研究成果为未投产区及相似地质条件下煤层气井单相水流阶段排采制度的制定提供了借鉴与指导。

双区与单区电除尘器内部流场电场对比研究

电除尘器内部电场和流场特性对除尘器的除尘性能有重要影响。该文使用Fluent模拟软件对相同比尘集面积的单区与双区电除尘器进行数值模拟,对比单区和双区电除尘器的电场强度、电流密度分布和不同电场风速下的内部流场变化,以此分析电除尘器对不同粒径颗粒除尘效率的影响和双区电除尘器能够高效率捕集高比电阻粉尘的原因。结果表明,双区电除尘器荷电区电流密度与电场强度和单区电除尘器分布相似,单区电除尘器的平均板电流密度为0.56 mA/m^(2),平均电场强度为2.20 kV/cm,双区电除尘器荷电区的平均板电流密度为0.51 mA/m^(2),平均电场强度为2.40 kV/cm。但双区电除尘器收尘区的电场与流场特性和单区电除尘器差别较大,双区电除尘器收尘区平均板电流密度为0.0036 mA/m^(2),只为单区电除尘器的0.6%,而平均电场强度为4.0 kV/cm,是单区电除尘器场强的1.8倍,且双区电除尘收尘区流场分布较均匀,受离子风影响小。收尘区内低电流密度,高电场强度,较少的离子风扰动是双区电除尘器有效捕集高比电阻粉尘,避免反电晕发生的主要原因。

针刺联合吞咽康复训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍临床研究

目的:研究针刺联合吞咽康复训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床疗效。方法:选择脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者150例,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各75例。两组均接受吞咽康复训练,观察组在此基础上联合针刺治疗,比较两组治疗前后洼田饮水试验评分、视频透视吞咽检查量表(VFSS)评分、功能性经口摄食量表(FOIS)评分、神经功能缺损症状积分,以及左椎动脉、右椎动脉、基底动脉血流速度,比较两组临床疗效及观察组不同时期吞咽障碍患者临床疗效。结果:治疗后两组洼田饮水试验评分较治疗前降低,VFSS评分、FOIS评分较治疗前升高(P<0.05);治疗后观察组洼田饮水试验评分低于对照组,VFSS、FOIS评分高于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗后两组左椎动脉、右椎动脉、基底动脉血流速度均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且观察组左椎动脉、右椎动脉、基底动脉血流速度均高于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗后两组神经功能缺损症状积分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组各神经功能缺损症状积分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组治疗总有效率90.67%,高于对照组的78.67%,两组临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组口腔前期患者的临床疗效优于口腔准备期、口腔期(P<0.05)。结论:针刺联合吞咽康复训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍效果显著,能够改善患者吞咽能力,快速减轻症状,并促进血液循环,尤其是口腔前期患者的疗效更为理想。

不同分期子宫内膜癌的超声诊断及血流参数分析

目的分析不同分期子宫内膜癌的超声诊断及血流参数水平。方法选取64例子宫内膜癌患者为观察组;另选取同期61例诊断为子宫内膜增生患者为对照组。对比两组患者超声特征及血流参数。结果观察组患者血流信号比例、子宫内膜增厚程度及子宫内膜回声不均匀比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组搏动指数(PI)、血流阻力指数(RI)指标低于对照组,收缩期峰值流速(PSV)指标高于对照组(P<0.05)。子宫内膜癌不同分期血流参数指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。64例患者3年预后死亡10例,存活54例。死亡组患者PI、RI指标低于存活组,PSV指标高于存活组(P<0.05)。结论子宫内膜癌患者的超声血流参数与病理分期及预后有着紧密联系,PI、RI、PSV对患者预后具有较好的预测价值。

高深溜井矿石阶段性流动规律对溜井生产的影响

基于对高深溜井生产实践的长期观察,归纳总结出矿石在高深溜井中的流动规律,提出垂直全断面阶段性流动是高深溜井区别于短溜井特有的工程现象。运用散体材料结构自组织力链和搭拱效应理论,分析了井筒内矿石阶段性流动产生的原因,揭示了高深溜井矿石阶段性流动对溜井生产过程中常见的滞流、堵塞、磨损和片帮现象以及溜井内矿石的混合和分级的影响;分析了溜井内空气气流对散体流动的影响,在正常放矿过程中,流动气体的存在有利于矿石流动和临时平衡拱的破坏;同时,由于受气体的曳力作用,溜井内矿石产生块、粉分级集中现象,助推了井筒内矿石的滞流和堵塞。研究提出矿石的粒级成分、密度、含水量、黏结性及溜井直径、井壁粗糙程度是造成溜井滞流和堵塞的基础因素,垂直全断面阶段性矿石流动特性是造成高深溜井滞流和堵塞的重要原因。

进口导叶对斜流式叶轮级性能调节的数值研究

针对两种不同翼型的进口导叶,数值研究了导叶在不同开度下对超大流量系数斜流级内部气体流动的影响和调节特性,并预测了进口导叶与斜流叶轮耦合在不同导叶开度下的性能曲线。结果表明,进口导叶能有效扩大调节范围,使斜流压缩机能在更宽的工况范围内运行。导叶开度和翼型对斜流叶轮的气动性能产生影响,开度增大导致气体流动的不均匀性变大,而当开度增大到一定程度时,进口导叶的调节能力变差,对斜流叶轮气动性能产生负面影响。

尾矿库溃坝泥石流多级拦截坝防护效果研究

为了减轻山谷型尾矿库溃坝形成的高流速、强冲击力的尾砂泥石流对下游生命财产造成的损伤,设计以拱型为基础坝型的多级拦截坝,在此基础上构建三维数值模型,对尾矿库多级拦截坝滞留尾砂泥石流效果和对下游敏感目标防护作用开展深入研究。研究结果表明:尾矿库溃坝后形成的尾砂泥石流经多级拦截坝拦挡缓冲后,尾砂在拦截坝处滞留历程分为“爬升、回淤、攀越”3个阶段,最大流动速度减少约8.86 m/s、砂流到达村庄的最大水位高程时间推迟约210 s,下游村庄最大淹没水深降低约3.47 m,平均淤砂深度减小近1.87 m,设计的多级拦截坝滞砂防护效果显著。研究结果可为溃坝泥石流多级拦截坝安全防护问题提供借鉴。

超临界二氧化碳轴流透平级流动损失评估

为进一步探究超临界二氧化碳透平内部的损失机制,针对某透平级采用数值方法研究了其流动特性,将静叶与动叶通道内的损失进行分解,定量计算了各项损失大小及其占比,明晰了超临界二氧化碳透平级的损失大小序列。结果表明,超临界二氧化碳介质密度大和透平叶高小导致其隔板密封和叶顶密封的泄漏损失巨大,级负荷为0.93,静叶间隙相对高度为0.012,动叶间隙相对高度为0.010时,泄漏损失占级总损失的38.23%,其中隔板密封泄漏损失占比为21.94%,叶顶密封泄漏损失占比为16.29%。除泄漏损失外:静叶栅通道内,叶片平均最大厚度比弦长为0.33,展弦比为2.07时,型面损失远高于端壁损失和尾迹损失,占级总损失的9.68%;动叶栅通道内,叶片平均最大厚度比弦长为0.28,展弦比为1.73时,型面损失、端壁损失和尾迹损失相差不大,型面损失仍然占比最高,达到级总损失的15.39%;动叶通道内的二次流影响范围更大,导致其端壁损失远高于静叶端壁损失,其壁面附近流体的黏性耗散和马蹄涡、通道涡等造成的二次流损失是端壁损失的主要来源。研究结果可为超临界二氧化碳透平的优化设计提供方向指引和数据支撑。

考虑进口温度畸变的涡轮级非定常流动数值仿真

为更好地预测涡轮级非定常流动特征,以准确分析进口温度畸变对下游叶排产生的影响。本文基于有限差分法开发了多级涡轮非定常流动数值求解器,通过试验数据验证其准确性和可行性,利用该求解器针对进口温度畸变进行了单级涡轮非定常流动数值仿真。以某单级高压涡轮作为研究对象,改变进口总温分布条件,设计了在进口总温均匀分布、总温沿径向不均匀分布和涡轮进口存在热斑3种方案下,进口温度畸变对马赫数、叶片热负荷等因素产生的影响,以及高温气流迁移路径的变化规律。结果显示,进口温度畸变对单级涡轮内部流场的影响不大,进口温度径向不均匀分布会导致导叶径向中上部分出现带状高温区域,在60%叶高处的导叶前缘温度最高。这种现象会因热斑的存在而加剧,在同一周期内进口温度畸变不会造成导叶表面最高温值的大幅度变化。主流气体在涡轮流道作加速运动,热斑由椭圆形逐渐变窄,温度降低,在导叶尾缘与脱落涡相互作用,气体受挤压边缘呈现锯齿状。动静交接面后,在动叶前缘和动叶压力面热负荷较为显著,并且在同一周期内进口温度畸变会使动叶表面的最高温值在一定范围内变化,在涡轮流道内进口温度畸变不会使高温气流在径向方向上的发生较大的偏移。