Preoperative evaluation of colorectal cancer using CT colonography, MRI, and PET/CT

Imaging studies are a major component in the evaluation of patients for the screening,staging and surveillance of colorectal cancer.This review presents commonly encountered findings in the diagnosis and staging of patients with colorectal cancer using computed tomography(CT)colonography,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and positron emission tomography(PET)/CT colonography.CT colonography provides important information for the preoperative assessment of T staging.Wall deformities are associated with muscular or subserosal invasion.Lymph node metastases from colorectal cancer often present with calcifications.CT is superior to detect calcified metastases.Three-dimensional CT to image the vascular anatomy facilitates laparoscopic surgery.T staging of rectal cancer by MRI is an established modality because MRI can diagnose rectal wall laminar structure.N staging in patients with colorectal cancer is still challenging using any imaging modality.MRI is more accurate than CT for the evaluation of liver metastases.PET/CT colonography isvaluable in the evaluation of extra-colonic and hepatic disease.PET/CT colonography is useful for obstructing colorectal cancers that cannot be traversed colonoscopically.PET/CT colonography is able to localize synchronous colon cancers proximal to the obstruction precisely.However,there is no definite evidence to support the routine clinical use of PET/CT colonography.

痛经贴治疗气滞血瘀型痛经31例临床症状改善观察

目的:分析痛经敷贴药之中医用药规律后,设计外敷方,并评估气滞血瘀型痛经临床症状改善情形。方法:31名气滞血瘀型痛经患者,每次月经前5 d起以痛经贴外敷神阙下及关元穴,8 h/d,连续8 d,治疗3个月后进行疗效评估。结果:分析中药敷贴处方中,最常用单味药为延胡索(8.7%),最常用药物种类为活血祛瘀药(40.3%)。而痛经贴针对气滞血瘀型痛经患者,经痛视觉量表程度及月经血块、经色暗红等症状统计上显着改善,且除固定贴布处皮肤过敏外无其他不良反应。结论:痛经贴是简便廉效的外敷方。