Effect of stainless steel fibers on properties of MgO-C refractories

MgO-C refractories with stainless steel fibers were prepared to investigate the effects of stainless steel fibers addition on the thermal shock resistance,oxidation resistance,and microstructure of MgO-C refractories,and the optimum amount of stainless steel fibers was determined.The results showed that adding stainless steel fiber in MgO-C refractories can increase flexural strength and thermal shock resistance,with an optimal addition of 2 wt.%,owing to the bridging effect and crack deflection toughening of stainless steel fibers inside the material.The formation of MgAl1.9Fe0.1O4 composite spinel,which was responsible for higher oxidation resistance,produced volume expansion and prevented the diffusion of oxygen.The strengthening mechanism is physical embedding at room temperature,while it is reaction bonding at high temperature.

Research on Copper Removal from Composite Wires of Copper-Stainless Steel Fibers

A method of copper removal from composite wires of copper stainless steel fibers by means of sulfuric acid solution with hydrogen dioxide is described. After removing copper, the stainless steel fibers remain smooth and uniform, keep high strength and are arranged in order. The copper sulfate with 5 H 2O (CuSO 4 5H 2O) can be crystallized directly from the reaction solution.

Characteristics and Formation Mechanism for Stainless Steel Fiber with Periodic Micro-fins

Metal fibers have been widely used in many industrial applications due to their unique advantages. In certain applications, such as catalyst supports or orthopedic implants, a rough surface or tiny outshoots on the surface of metal fibers to increase surface area are needed. However, it has not been concerned about the surface morphologies of metal fiber in the current research of metal fiber manufacturing. In this paper, a special multi-tooth tool composed of a row of triangular tiny teeth is designed. The entire cutting layer of multi-tooth tool bifurcates into several thin cutting layers due to tiny teeth involved in cutting. As a result, several stainless steel fibers with periodic micro-fins are produced simultaneously. Morphology of periodic micro-fins is found to be diverse and can be classified into three categories： unilateral plane, unilateral tapering and bilateral. There are two forming mechanisms for the micro-fins. One is that periodic burrs remained on the free side of cutting layer of a tiny tooth create micro-fins of stainless steel fiber produced by the next neighboring tiny tooth; the other is that the connections between two fibers stuck together come to be micro-fins if the two fibers are finally detached. Influence of cutting conditions on formation of micro-fins is investigated. Experimental results show that cutting depth has no significant effect on micro-fin formation, high cutting speed is conducive to micro-fin formation, and feed should be between 0.12 mm/r and 0.2 mm/r to reliably obtain stainless steel fiber with micro-fins. This research presents a new pattern of stainless steel fiber characterized by periodic micro-fins formed on the edge of fiber and its manufacturing method.

Mass-producible low-cost flexible electronic fabrics for azo dye wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation

Electrocoagulation is progressively becoming an ecologically friendly water treatment method owing to its lack of secondary pollution,high active ingredient concentration,high treatment effectiveness,simple equipment,and simplicity of automated control implementation.Herein,electrocoagulation is offered as a method for treating wastewater containing azo dyes using a revolutionary flexible electronic fabric that can be mass-producible at a reasonable price.A computer-controlled machine embroiders 316L stainless steel fiber(316L SSF)onto an insulating fabric to manufacture a flexible electronic device of cathode and anode with a monopolar arrangement on the fabric surface.Using methyl orange(MO)solution to simulate azo dye wastewater,the decolorization rate of 500 ml MO reached 99.25% under the conditions of 50 mg·L^(-1)initial mass concentration,120 min electrolysis time,15 mA·g^(-1)current density,1 cm electrode spacing,0.1 mol·L^(-1)NaCl,pH 7.6,200 r·min^(-1)rotational speed of the stirrer,and 22-25℃ room temperature.In addition,it is feasible to embroider flexible electronic fabrics with varied sizes and numbers of electrodes based on the amount of treated sewage to increase the degradation rate,which has significant practical application value.

Development and characterization of stainless steel fiber-based copper-free brake liner formulation:A positive solution for steel fiber replacement

This study deals with the development of drum brake liner for a multi-utility vehicle possessing a hydraulic brake system by varying 7 weight%of steel fiber and stainless steel fiber each,in friction composite formulations.The developed friction composites were tested for physical,chemical,corrosion,mechanical,thermal properties,and tribological characteristics,under near-actual conditions using an inertia dynamometer as per industrial standards.Finite element analysis software(ANSYS)analysis was performed to show the thermal stress distribution of the developed friction composites at the maximum temperature rise due to heat generated during brake stops,and an extensive evaluation method was used to rank the composites.The study concludes that the brake factor of the stainless steel fiber-based friction composite produces stable performance in all conditions with a lower liner temperature rise of 340°C and lower thermal stress at 4.255294 MPa.However,the steel fiber-based composites produced high performance at the beginning but deteriorated after a certain period due to higher levels of corrosion and a high temperature rise of 361°C resulting in a negative fade(-0.84%)and more thermal stress(5.619102 MPa).The primary plateau,secondary plateau,back transfer of drum wear debris,and the distribution of constituents on the worn surface of the developed composites in a resin matrix were identified and studied using a scanning electron microscope(SEM)equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy.

Preparation and characterization of novel carbon molecular sieve membrane/PSSF composite by pyrolysis method for toluene adsorption

Carbon molecular sieve membrane(CMSM)/paper-like stainless steel fibers(PSSF)has been manufactured by pyrolyzing poly(fiirfuryl alcohol)(PFA)coated on the metal fibers.PFA was synthesized using oxalic acid dihydrate as a catalyst and coated on microfibers by dip coating method.For the purpose of investigating the effects of final carbonization temperature,the composites were carbonized between 400℃ and 800℃ under flowing nitrogen.The morphology and microstructure were examined by X-ray diffraction,Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,N2 adsorption and desorption,Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra.The consequences of characterization showed that the CMSM containing mesopores o f 3.9 nm were manufactured.The specific surface area of the CMSM/PSSF fabricated in different pyrolysis temperature varies from 26.5 to 169.1 m^2·g^-1 and pore volume varies from 0.06 to 0.23 cm^3·g^-1.When pyrolysis temperature exceeds 600℃,the specific surface,pore diameter and pore volume decreased as carbonization temperature increased.Besides,the degree of graphitization in carbon matrix increased with rising pyrolysis temperature.Toluene adsorption experiments on different structured fixed bed that was padded by CMSM/PSSF and granular activated carbon(GAC)were conducted.For the sake of comparison,adsorption test was also performed on fixed bed packed with GAC.The experimental results indicated that the rate constant κ′ was dramatically increased as the proportion of CMCM/PSSF composites increased on the basis of Yoon-Nelson model,which suggested that structured fixed bed padded with CMSM/PSSF composite offered higher adsorption rate and mass transfer efficiency.