Improving pulsed laser weldability of duplex stainless steel to 5456 aluminum alloy via friction stir process reinforcing of aluminum by BNi-2 brazing alloy

Effects of laser pulse distance and reinforcing of 5456 aluminum alloy were investigated on laser weldability of Al alloy to duplex stainless steel (DSS) plates. The aluminum alloy plate was reinforced by nickel-base BNi-2 brazing powder via friction stir processing. The DSS plates were laser welded to the Al5456/BNi-2 composite and also to the Al5456 alloy plates. The welding zones were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, micro-hardness and shear tests. The weld interface layer became thinner from 23 to 5 μm, as the laser pulse distance was increased from 0.2 to 0.5 mm. Reinforcing of the Al alloy modified the phases at interface layer from Al-Fe intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the DSS/Al alloy weld, to Al-Ni-Fe IMCs in the DSS/Al composite one, since more nickel was injected in the weld pool by BNi-2 reinforcements. This led to a remarkable reduction in crack tendency of the welds and decreased the hardness of the interface layer from ~950 HV to ~600 HV. Shear strengths of the DSS/Al composite welds were significantly increased by ~150%, from 46 to 114 MPa, in comparison to the DSS/Al alloy ones.

Experimental study on dissimilar TIG welding-brazing of 5A06 aluminum alloy to SUS321 stainless steel

Dissimilar metals TIG welding-brazing of 5A06 aluminum alloy to SUS321 stainless steel has been carried out with Al-Sil2 eutectic filler metal and modified non-corrosive flux. The surface appearance and microstructures of the joint were analyzed and the average tensile strength of the joint was estimated. The results show that a sound dissimilar metals joint is obtained by TIG welding-brazing. Slag and residual flux on steel surface can be removed by sanding easily. The joint has dual characteristics： in aluminum alloy side, it is a welded joint, while in stainless steel side, it is a brazed joint. The whole interface layer, unequal in thickness at different position, ranges from 5 μm to 25 μm. The average tensile strength of the butt joint reaches 120 MPa and the fracture occurs at the interface layer.

Analysis on interfacial layer of aluminum alloy and non-coated stainless steel joint made by TIG welding-brazing

Dissimilar metals TIG welding-brazing of aluminum alloy and non-coated stainless steel was investigated. The resultant joint was characterized in order to identify the phases and the brittle intermetallic compounds （IMCs） in the interracial layer by optical metalloscope （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometer （ EDS） , and the cracked joint was analyzed in order to understand the cracking mechanism of the joint. The results show that the microfusion of the stainless steel can improve the wetting and spreading of liquid aluminum base filler metal on the steel suuface and the melted steel accelerates the formation of mass of brittle IMCs in the interracial layer, which causes the joint cracking badly. The whole interfacial layer is 5 -7 μm thick and comprises approximately 5μm-thickness reaction layer in aluminum side and about 2 μm-thickness diffusion layer in steel side. The stable Al-rich IMCs are formed in the interfacial layer and the phases transfer from （ Al ＋ FeAl3 ） in aluminum side to （ FeAl3 ＋ Fe2Al5 ） and （ α-Fe ＋ FeAl） in steel side.

Effects of Ni on microstructure and properties of aluminum- stainless steel TIG welding-brazing joint with AI-Si filler

Effects of Ni on microstructure and properties of aluminum-stainless steel TIG welding-brazing joint with Al-Si filler were studied. Different mass percentage of Ni powder was added in the flux separately. Results of tensile tests show that a significant improvement on mechanical properties of the butt joint is obtained using the modified flux. Moreover, obvious differences on microstructures of the interfaces were observed with Ni addition, that two intermetallic compound （IMC） layers at the interface change to one layer and the IMC thickness also decreases. Finally, effect mechanism of Ni was analyzed and discussed. Ni addition leads to an enrichment of element Si at the brazing interface, and furthermore suppresses the formation of intermetaUic compound. The reduction of IMC thickness is the main reason for the improvement of joint properties.

TIG welding-brazing joint of aluminum to stainless steel with hot wire

TIG welding-brazing process with high frequency induction hot wire technology was presented to create joints between 5A06 aluminum alloy and SUS32! stainless steel using ER1100 filler wire with different temperature. The joints were evaluated by mechanical test and microstructural analyses. The welding procedure using hot fiUer wire （400 ℃ ） significantly increases strength stability by 71% and average value of tensile strength by 30. 8 % of the joints, compared with cold wire. The research of microstructures in interfaces and welded seams reveals that using 400 ℃ hot filler wire can decrease the thickness of intermetallic compounds （ IMCs ） from 6 to 3.5 txm approximately, which is the main reason of mechanical property improvement.

Investigation on the explosive welding mechanism of corrosion-resisting alu-minum and stainless steel tubes through finite element simulation and experi-ments

To solve the difficulty in the explosive welding of corrosion-resistant aluminum and stainless steel tubes, three technologies were proposed after investigating the forming mechanism through experiments. Then, a 3D finite element model was established for systematic simulations in the parameter determination. The results show that the transition-layer approach, the coaxial initial assembly of tubes with the top-center-point the detonation, and the systematic study by numerical modeling are the key technologies to make the explosive welding of LF6 aluminum alloy and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel tubes feasible. Numerical simulation shows that radial contraction and slope collision through continuous local plastic deformation are necessary for the good bonding of tubes. Stand-off distances between tubes （D1 and D2） and explosives amount （R） have effect on the plastic deformation, moving velocity, and bonding of tubes. D1 of 1 mm, D2 of 2 mm, and R of 2/3 are suitable for the explosive welding of LF6-L2-1Cr18Ni9Ti three-layer tubes. The plastic strain and moving velocity of the flyer tubes in-crease with the increase of stand-off distance. More explosives （R2/3） result in the asymmetrical distribution of plastic strain and non-bonding at the end of detonation on the tubes.

6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢的缝隙腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究6A01-T5铝合金和304不锈钢异种金属间的缝隙腐蚀行为规律。方法 采用常温常压浸泡腐蚀方法,结合SEM、EDS、XRD和白光干涉检测,对6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢缝隙结构在碱性Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行研究。结果 6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢缝隙腐蚀表现为在缝口处产生沿缝口方向的凹陷渠,在缝内,以局部减薄和腐蚀坑为主,并随着腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀程度逐渐加重。不同区域腐蚀产物的形貌和成分组成不尽相同,缝外暴露区的腐蚀产物表现为晶体颗粒状,主要成分为Ca CO3和Al(OH)3等铝的腐蚀产物。缝口附近沿缝口方向形成一层有明显界线的腐蚀产物覆盖层,缝隙内部的腐蚀产物相对较少,表现为尺寸相对较小的结块,主要成分为Al(OH)3等铝的腐蚀产物。结论 在6A01-T5铝合金与304不锈钢非电连接情况下,6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢缝隙内2种金属分别独立发生缝隙腐蚀,因2种金属在腐蚀过程中争夺O2,使得304不锈钢对6A01-T5铝合金的缝隙腐蚀起到抑制作用。

火箭贮箱结构材料应用及发展现状

火箭贮箱是运载火箭的重要组成部件,但服役环境相对恶劣,在储存液体推进剂的同时还承担着复杂的结构载荷。结构材料是贮箱制造发展的根本,也是航天运载器变革的关键。本文主要介绍国内外运载火箭贮箱结构材料的应用及其发展现状,对铝合金、不锈钢、钛合金等金属材料以及复合材料贮箱进行了综述,系统性地总结了贮箱材料的变革历程和应用情况,并对未来贮箱材料的发展方向提出新的见解与展望。

不锈钢-3003铝合金蜂窝夹芯板轧制复合工艺

研究了采用轧制复合方法生产不锈钢-3003铝合金蜂窝夹芯板的工艺.结果表明:经过表面清理的面板和芯板,在加热至500～550℃后进行轧制复合,在变形率为25%以上时即可以实现牢固的初结合,面板与芯板间的结合主要依靠'裂口机制';轧制过程中芯板上的圆孔出现了类似于墩粗的情况,为使芯板上孔系能够发挥作用,轧制变形率应当控制在25%～40%之间;经过退火热处理后,夹芯板的抗拉强度、弯曲强度和延伸率等力学性能均达到相关产品标准.

异种材料不锈钢和铝合金焊接技术研究及应用

应急放试验工装采用异种材料304不锈钢和6061铝合金焊接而成。在采用熔钎焊工艺焊接时,由于这两种材料的化学成分不同以及熔点的差异,在焊缝中形成多种Fe-Al脆性金属间化合物以及共晶体混合组织,导致出现严重的裂纹和气孔缺陷。本文进行了304不锈钢/6061铝合金对接和T形结构的焊接工艺研究。首先在304不锈钢侧采用铝铁青铜材料焊接制作中间过渡层,然后采用ER5356焊丝对6061铝合金和过渡层进行焊接,从而使钢和铝之间相互熔合。采用交流方波TIG焊和合适的焊接参数,控制钢和铝异种材料焊接过程中脆性金属间化合物及共晶体混合组织的形成,解决了不锈钢和铝合金异种材料无法熔融焊接的问题。所得到的焊缝力学性能优良,该工艺已成功用于应急放试验工装的焊接加工制造中。

异种材料不锈钢和铝合金焊接技术分析及应用

不锈钢和铝合金作为两种常用的金属材料,由于其特殊的物理和化学性质,在工程和制造领域中得到了广泛的应用。然而,由于两种材料的性质差异,其焊接技术一直是一个具有挑战性的问题。对不锈钢和铝合金焊接技术进行深入分析,并探讨其在工程实践中的应用,以期为相关行业的工程师和研究人员提供有益的参考和借鉴。

厚度主导铝合金表面304不锈钢涂层组织结构及性能的演变行为

目的 评价不同沉积厚度对铝合金基体上304不锈钢涂层综合性能的影响。方法 采用超音速火焰喷涂在铝合金表面制备3种不同厚度(200、600、1 000μm)的304不锈钢涂层。利用附带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、维氏显微硬度计、纳米压痕仪、液压式万能试验机以及摩擦磨损试验机,研究涂层的微观结构、物相组成、残余应力、硬度分布、弹性模量、结合强度、弯曲性能和摩擦学行为。结果 304不锈钢涂层组织均匀、无裂纹,与基体结合良好。涂层主要由奥氏体相组成,其余为少量铁素体相和氧化物,且涂层中奥氏体晶粒相比粉末中发生晶粒细化。随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层孔隙率(C200≈0.5%、C600≈2.5%、C1000≈4.3%)、氧含量(C200≈2.4%、C600≈3.1%、C1000≈4.2%)增加,涂层残余压应力减小,显微硬度、弹性模量和结合强度均呈下降趋势;但涂层断裂刚度与其厚度成正比,断裂时裂纹主要沿未熔颗粒边界和氧化物聚集区域萌生和扩展。在干摩擦条件下,304不锈钢涂层的摩擦系数约为0.6,与铝合金相比,摩擦过程更加稳定,耐磨性提高3倍。随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层摩擦系数稳定性降低,磨损率增大,磨损机制以疲劳磨损和犁沟磨损为主。结论 与304不锈钢粉末相比,晶粒细化和残余压应力的存在致使涂层整体硬度提升。然而,随着涂层厚度增加,涂层中缺陷的增多以及残余压应力的减小又降低了涂层的综合性能。涂层断裂刚度与其断裂能有关,厚涂层体系具有更大的等效抗弯刚度。

3D打印金属材料疲劳实验及数值模拟研究综述

3D打印金属部件具有无需模具、成型快速、力学性能优异、形状可定制和抗腐蚀性好等优点,广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、医疗器械等领域。然而,当原材料粉末打印为金属部件时,在凝固及随后冷却过程中极易形成残余应力、微细孔洞、未熔化颗粒以及表面粗糙缺陷等问题,导致疲劳寿命和韧性均低于传统制造零件。该文介绍了国内外3D打印金属制造工艺,对静态与疲劳力学实验性能、疲劳裂纹扩展以及对应的数值模拟研究进行了总结,阐述了缺陷表征、后处理加工等因素与疲劳性能之间的关联分析,为我国金属3D打印行业提供参考依据。

热输入对铝合金/不锈钢双丝冷金属过渡熔钎焊接头组织及性能的影响

采用双丝冷金属过渡(CMT)熔钎焊工艺对5083铝合金和304不锈钢进行对接焊试验,在保证焊缝成形良好的条件下,研究了焊接热输入对接头金属间化合物(IMC)层厚度和拉伸性能的影响,并与单丝CMT熔钎焊接头进行对比。结果表明:双丝和单丝CMT熔钎焊接头焊缝获得良好成形质量的热输入范围分别为213.8~486.0,379.6~590.6 J·mm^(-1);双丝CMT和单丝CMT熔钎焊接头界面处的IMC均为FeAl_(3)相;随着热输入的增加,单丝或双丝CMT熔钎焊接头IMC层厚度增加,抗拉强度降低;单丝CMT熔钎焊接头IMC层的最小厚度为9.59μm,此时接头的抗拉强度最大,为76 MPa,而双丝CMT熔钎焊接头IMC层的最小厚度为3.36μm,此时接头的抗拉强度最大,为109 MPa。

不锈钢与6061铝合金旋转摩擦焊接接头组织与力学性能

采用旋转摩擦焊接技术进行了1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢与6061铝合金的焊接,分析不同工艺参数下钢铝旋转摩擦焊接头的焊缝成形、显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,不锈钢与铝合金的连接界面发生元素扩散并形成一定厚度的结合层,提高旋转速度能够增加结合层的厚度,随着顶锻力的提高,结合层的厚度先增加后减小。钢铝界面处的铝合金晶粒发生拉长变形,出现晶粒细化现象。靠近接头界面处硬度相对较高,接头拉伸强度随着旋转速度和顶锻力的提高先增加后下降,在旋转速度为600 r/min,顶锻力为3.8 kN时获得1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢与6061铝合金接头抗拉强度值最高为262 MPa。断裂位置主要位于钢铝连接界面,部分位于铝合金侧,焊接断口存在小而浅的韧窝。

不同状态2A12铝合金与17-4PH不锈钢间的摩擦磨损性能

为给某锁筒机构导向基座和导向杆摩擦副配对选材,研究了轧制态、固溶态、固溶+时效态2A12铝合金与时效态17-4PH不锈钢组成的摩擦副在干摩擦和抹润滑脂润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:轧制态2A12铝合金的抗拉强度和显微硬度高于固溶态和固溶+时效态,远低于时效态17-4PH不锈钢;在抹润滑脂润滑条件下,轧制态2A12铝合金与17-4PH不锈钢配副的平均摩擦因数以及轧制态铝合金的平均体积磨损率明显低于干摩擦条件下,并且低于相同润滑条件下固溶态和固溶+时效态2A12铝合金;2种润滑条件下3种状态铝合金的磨损机制均以磨粒磨损为主、黏着磨损为辅,不锈钢的磨损机制为轻微磨粒磨损。锁筒机构可以选择轧制态2A12铝合金与时效态17-4PH不锈钢进行配对,通过涂抹润滑脂来减少摩擦磨损卡滞现象。

铝合金与不锈钢的过渡层钎焊

铝合金与不锈钢的物化性能相差很大 ,两者的直接连接易于在界面上生成Al和Fe的脆性化合物。作者用试验的方法研究了LF3铝合金与 0Cr18Ni9不锈钢的Ni/Cu过渡层钎焊的工艺方法以及接头的组织与力学性能 ,并对各连接界面进行了机理分析。对钎缝的界面做剪切试验、X射线衍射、扫描电镜 (SEM )和透射电镜 (TEM )等分析发现 ,镀层与钎料等各界面连接紧密 ,特别是钎缝与母材之间没有生成脆性Al-Fe金属间化合物。由此得出结论 ,面心立方结构的Ni/Cu电刷镀层能有效地阻挡Al、Fe等原子扩散 ,钎缝与镀Cu界面上虽然生成了少量的AlCu3 ,但由于组织不连续 ,没有大幅度降低钎缝的剪切强度。通过过渡层钎焊 ,实现了LF3铝合金与 0Cr18Ni9不锈钢的复合连接 ,满足了工程需要。

铝合金/不锈钢钨极氩弧熔-钎焊接头界面层的微观结构分析

运用OM,SEM和EDS分析了铝合金/不锈钢TIG熔-钎焊接头界面层的结构特征,并通过微压痕和SEM原位拉伸实验测试了其力学性能.研究结果表明:界面处形成了厚度不均一的锯齿状金属间化合物层,厚度为4—9μm,满足界面层的要求(≤10μm);界面反应层包括两类化合物层,即焊缝一侧的τ5层和钢基体一侧θ+η+τ5层,在界面处首先形成τ5相,抑制了粗大枝晶状θ+η二元相的生长.微压痕测试得出:τ5层平均硬度值为HV1025,θ+η+τ5层硬度值为HV835.τ5层压痕处产生裂纹,表明τ5相是一种硬脆相.SEM原位拉伸实验显示,界面层起裂于θ+η相,在外力作用下沿θ+η+τ5层迅速开裂,界面层抗拉强度达到120 MPa.

铝/镀银层/钢的扩散钎焊及界面化合物的生长行为

采用扩散钎焊方法对6063铝合金/镀银层/1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行焊接,探讨焊接界面金属间化合物的生长行为。结果表明:钎缝中靠近不锈钢一侧为Fe-Al金属间化合物层,靠近铝合金一侧主要是Ag(Al)固溶体,中心区域由Ag-Al化合物和Ag(Al)固溶体混合而成;随着低温扩散保温时间的延长,化合物层厚度随之增加,Ag在铝合金一侧富集出现晶界渗透现象;钎缝中首先产生Ag-Al金属间化合物,之后共晶液相中的Al原子穿越Ag-Al金属间化合物层和残余镀银层扩散至不锈钢一侧,与Fe原子生成Fe-Al金属间化合物;在任意给定的扩散钎焊低条件下,可以对化合物层厚度进行初步估算。