The Dick effect is one of the main limits to the frequency stability of a passive frequency standard, especially for the fountain clock and ion dock operated in pulsed mode which require unavoidable dead time during i...The Dick effect is one of the main limits to the frequency stability of a passive frequency standard, especially for the fountain clock and ion dock operated in pulsed mode which require unavoidable dead time during interrogation. Here we measure the phase noise of the interrogation oscillator applied in the microwave frequency standard based on laser-cooled 113^Cd＋ ions, and analyze the Allan deviation limited by the Dick effect. The results indicate that the Dick effect is one of the key issues for the cadmium ion dock to reach expected frequency stability. This problem can be resolved by interrogating the local oscillator continuously with two ion traps.展开更多
Objective The Yubei area is located in the mid-east Maigaiti slope of southwestern Tarim Basin, China, with an exploration history of several years. Recent exploration has preliminarily indicated that the Ordovician ...Objective The Yubei area is located in the mid-east Maigaiti slope of southwestern Tarim Basin, China, with an exploration history of several years. Recent exploration has preliminarily indicated that the Ordovician carbonate formations in this area have some oil and gas potential. Carbonate microfacies provides material basis for reservoir development, seal formation and hydrocarbon generation. Therefore, this work utilized the standard microfacies （SMF） types to study the microfacies of the Ordovician formations in the Yubei area in order to provide theoretical basis for the next exploration.展开更多
There are numerous studies comparing different kinds of environmental taxes and standards.However,forms of environmental standards focused by former researchers are usually quantitybased limits/standards(e.g.pounds pe...There are numerous studies comparing different kinds of environmental taxes and standards.However,forms of environmental standards focused by former researchers are usually quantitybased limits/standards(e.g.pounds per day or pounds per unit of output).Concentration-based emission standard(e.g.milligrams per liter of wastewater) as one important form of environmental standard has not been given much attention.In this article,comparable estimates of their probable effect on enterprise pollution reduction will be developed for concentrationbased effluent standards,effluent taxes,and a combination of both.A linear simulation model is used to clearly and obviously compare the effects of effluent taxes and concentration-based standards within the same figure.With one detailed application to the paper industry,some enlightenment and conclusions-as well as the general applicability of these principles-are then provided:Under the same effluent tax rate,enterprises,groups,and industries that are cleaner will reduce more pollutants than those that have higher pollutant abatement costs.It is recommended that effluent taxes are set by avoiding cutting it even at one stroke and considering the feasibility of pollution-reducing technology in various industries.It is necessary to reduce MAC of enterprises to better stimulate enterprises' or industries' emission reduction by preferential measures,such as high tax rate coordinated by speeding up the depreciation of environmental protection equipment.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a new attribute-based proxy re-encryption scheme, where a semi-trusted proxy, with some additional information, can transform a ciphertext under a set of attributes into a new ciphertext unde...In this paper, we propose a new attribute-based proxy re-encryption scheme, where a semi-trusted proxy, with some additional information, can transform a ciphertext under a set of attributes into a new ciphertext under another set of attributes on the same message, but not vice versa, furthermore, its security was proved in the standard model based on decisional bilinear Diffie-Hellman assumption. This scheme can be used to realize fine-grained selectively sharing of encrypted data, but the general proxy rencryption scheme severely can not do it, so the proposed schemecan be thought as an improvement of general traditional proxy re-encryption scheme.展开更多
The present work deals with the development of an Ontology-Based Knowledge Network of soil/water physicochemical & biological properties (soil/water concepts), derived from ASTM Standard Methods (ASTMi,n) and rele...The present work deals with the development of an Ontology-Based Knowledge Network of soil/water physicochemical & biological properties (soil/water concepts), derived from ASTM Standard Methods (ASTMi,n) and relevant scientific/applicable references (published papers—PPi,n) to fill up/bridge the gap of the information science between cited Standards and infiltration discipline conceptual vocabulary providing accordingly a dedicated/internal Knowledge Base (KB). This attempt constitutes an innovative approach, since it is based on externalizing domain knowledge in the form of Ontology-Based Knowledge Networks, incorporating standardized methodology in soil engineering. The ontology soil/water concepts (semantics) of the developed network correspond to soil/water physicochemical & biological properties, classified in seven different generations that are distinguished/located in infiltration/percolation process of contaminated water through soil porous media. The interconnections with arcs between corresponding concepts/properties among the consecutive generations are defined by the relationship of dependent and independent variables. All these interconnections are documented according to the below three ways: 1) dependent and independent variables interconnected by using the logical operator “<em>depends on</em>” quoting existent explicit functions and equations;2) dependent and independent variables interconnected by using the logical operator “<em>depends on</em>” quoting produced implicit functions, according to Rayleigh’s method of indices;3) dependent and independent variables interconnected by using the logical operator “<em>related to</em>” based on a logical dependence among the examined nodes-concepts-variables. The aforementioned approach provides significant advantages to semantic web developers and web users by means of prompt knowledge navigation, tracking, retrieval and usage.展开更多
目的探讨案例分析教学法(case-basedlearning,CBL)联合教师标准化病人(teacher-standardized patient,TSP)在卒中后神经源性膀胱医患沟通教学中的应用效果。方法纳入首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院接受规范化培训的60名住院医师,随机分...目的探讨案例分析教学法(case-basedlearning,CBL)联合教师标准化病人(teacher-standardized patient,TSP)在卒中后神经源性膀胱医患沟通教学中的应用效果。方法纳入首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院接受规范化培训的60名住院医师,随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组采用传统以授课为导向的教学法,试验组采用CBL联合TSP的教学方法。教学内容为卒中后神经源性膀胱的医患沟通,共计12学时。教学结束后使用TSP和医患沟通技能评价量表(set the stage,elicit information,give information,understand the patient’s perspective,and end the encounter;SEGUE)评估住院医师的医患沟通能力。结果对照组和试验组在年龄、性别、入组前理论考试分数及操作考试分数方面差异无统计学意义。教学结束后,试验组在SEGUE的问诊准备[(4.6±0.6)分vs.(3.7±0.8)分,P<0.0001]、信息采集[(8.6±1.1)分vs.(7.3±0.9)分,P<0.0001]、信息提供[(3.7±0.5)分vs.(3.3±0.6)分,P=0.0099]、患者理解[(3.5±0.4)分vs.(2.4±0.7)分,P<0.0001]及总分[(22.1±1.5)分vs.(18.5±2.0)分,P<0.0001]方面均显著高于对照组,在问诊结束[(1.7±0.6)分vs.(1.7±0.5)分,P=0.6305]方面与对照组差异无统计学意义。结论采用CBL联合TSP的教学方法能够显著提高住院医师在卒中后神经源性膀胱医患沟通方面的能力。这一教学策略有望成为医学教育中提高医患沟通技能的有效手段,从而提高医疗服务质量。展开更多
目的对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)相关性疲劳特异性评估工具进行系统评价,为今后临床选择和开发高质量工具提供依据。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、...目的对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)相关性疲劳特异性评估工具进行系统评价,为今后临床选择和开发高质量工具提供依据。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库和维普数据库中,所有关于COPD相关性疲劳特异性评估工具相关研究。检索时限为建库至2023年5月22日。使用“基于共识选择健康测量工具的标准(COSMIN)指南”对纳入工具的方法学及测量属性特征进行系统评价,综合评定证据等级并形成推荐意见。结果共纳入8个COPD相关性疲劳特异性评估量表,曼彻斯特COPD疲劳量表(MCFS)为A级推荐,修订版慢性病治疗功能评估—疲劳量表(MFACIT-F)、疲劳影响量表(FIS-25)、COPD和哮喘疲劳量表(CAFS)、疲劳评估工具(TFT)、中文修订版曼彻斯特COPD疲劳量表(MCFS-C)、中文修订版疲劳影响量表(FIS-C)、疲劳严重程度量表(FSS)为B级推荐。结论MCFS量表有高等证据支持内容效度、内部一致性和稳定性、中等证据支持结构效度,故暂被推荐使用,但适合我国的COPD相关性疲劳特异性评估工具仍有待进一步开发。展开更多
基金Supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11304177the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2010CB922901
文摘The Dick effect is one of the main limits to the frequency stability of a passive frequency standard, especially for the fountain clock and ion dock operated in pulsed mode which require unavoidable dead time during interrogation. Here we measure the phase noise of the interrogation oscillator applied in the microwave frequency standard based on laser-cooled 113^Cd＋ ions, and analyze the Allan deviation limited by the Dick effect. The results indicate that the Dick effect is one of the key issues for the cadmium ion dock to reach expected frequency stability. This problem can be resolved by interrogating the local oscillator continuously with two ion traps.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41572117)Technological&Developmental Department of China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation(grants No.P13040 and P14128)China Geological Survey(grant No.DD20160175-1-1)
文摘Objective The Yubei area is located in the mid-east Maigaiti slope of southwestern Tarim Basin, China, with an exploration history of several years. Recent exploration has preliminarily indicated that the Ordovician carbonate formations in this area have some oil and gas potential. Carbonate microfacies provides material basis for reservoir development, seal formation and hydrocarbon generation. Therefore, this work utilized the standard microfacies （SMF） types to study the microfacies of the Ordovician formations in the Yubei area in order to provide theoretical basis for the next exploration.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(9154036)"Water Pollution Control Strategy and Decision Support Platform"[grant No.2009ZX07631-02-03]"Water Pollution Accident Damage Assessment Technology Research[grant No.201309060]"
文摘There are numerous studies comparing different kinds of environmental taxes and standards.However,forms of environmental standards focused by former researchers are usually quantitybased limits/standards(e.g.pounds per day or pounds per unit of output).Concentration-based emission standard(e.g.milligrams per liter of wastewater) as one important form of environmental standard has not been given much attention.In this article,comparable estimates of their probable effect on enterprise pollution reduction will be developed for concentrationbased effluent standards,effluent taxes,and a combination of both.A linear simulation model is used to clearly and obviously compare the effects of effluent taxes and concentration-based standards within the same figure.With one detailed application to the paper industry,some enlightenment and conclusions-as well as the general applicability of these principles-are then provided:Under the same effluent tax rate,enterprises,groups,and industries that are cleaner will reduce more pollutants than those that have higher pollutant abatement costs.It is recommended that effluent taxes are set by avoiding cutting it even at one stroke and considering the feasibility of pollution-reducing technology in various industries.It is necessary to reduce MAC of enterprises to better stimulate enterprises' or industries' emission reduction by preferential measures,such as high tax rate coordinated by speeding up the depreciation of environmental protection equipment.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Y2007G37)the Science and Technology Development Program of Shandong Province (2007GG10001012)
文摘In this paper, we propose a new attribute-based proxy re-encryption scheme, where a semi-trusted proxy, with some additional information, can transform a ciphertext under a set of attributes into a new ciphertext under another set of attributes on the same message, but not vice versa, furthermore, its security was proved in the standard model based on decisional bilinear Diffie-Hellman assumption. This scheme can be used to realize fine-grained selectively sharing of encrypted data, but the general proxy rencryption scheme severely can not do it, so the proposed schemecan be thought as an improvement of general traditional proxy re-encryption scheme.
文摘The present work deals with the development of an Ontology-Based Knowledge Network of soil/water physicochemical & biological properties (soil/water concepts), derived from ASTM Standard Methods (ASTMi,n) and relevant scientific/applicable references (published papers—PPi,n) to fill up/bridge the gap of the information science between cited Standards and infiltration discipline conceptual vocabulary providing accordingly a dedicated/internal Knowledge Base (KB). This attempt constitutes an innovative approach, since it is based on externalizing domain knowledge in the form of Ontology-Based Knowledge Networks, incorporating standardized methodology in soil engineering. The ontology soil/water concepts (semantics) of the developed network correspond to soil/water physicochemical & biological properties, classified in seven different generations that are distinguished/located in infiltration/percolation process of contaminated water through soil porous media. The interconnections with arcs between corresponding concepts/properties among the consecutive generations are defined by the relationship of dependent and independent variables. All these interconnections are documented according to the below three ways: 1) dependent and independent variables interconnected by using the logical operator “<em>depends on</em>” quoting existent explicit functions and equations;2) dependent and independent variables interconnected by using the logical operator “<em>depends on</em>” quoting produced implicit functions, according to Rayleigh’s method of indices;3) dependent and independent variables interconnected by using the logical operator “<em>related to</em>” based on a logical dependence among the examined nodes-concepts-variables. The aforementioned approach provides significant advantages to semantic web developers and web users by means of prompt knowledge navigation, tracking, retrieval and usage.
文摘目的探讨案例分析教学法(case-basedlearning,CBL)联合教师标准化病人(teacher-standardized patient,TSP)在卒中后神经源性膀胱医患沟通教学中的应用效果。方法纳入首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院接受规范化培训的60名住院医师,随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组采用传统以授课为导向的教学法,试验组采用CBL联合TSP的教学方法。教学内容为卒中后神经源性膀胱的医患沟通,共计12学时。教学结束后使用TSP和医患沟通技能评价量表(set the stage,elicit information,give information,understand the patient’s perspective,and end the encounter;SEGUE)评估住院医师的医患沟通能力。结果对照组和试验组在年龄、性别、入组前理论考试分数及操作考试分数方面差异无统计学意义。教学结束后,试验组在SEGUE的问诊准备[(4.6±0.6)分vs.(3.7±0.8)分,P<0.0001]、信息采集[(8.6±1.1)分vs.(7.3±0.9)分,P<0.0001]、信息提供[(3.7±0.5)分vs.(3.3±0.6)分,P=0.0099]、患者理解[(3.5±0.4)分vs.(2.4±0.7)分,P<0.0001]及总分[(22.1±1.5)分vs.(18.5±2.0)分,P<0.0001]方面均显著高于对照组,在问诊结束[(1.7±0.6)分vs.(1.7±0.5)分,P=0.6305]方面与对照组差异无统计学意义。结论采用CBL联合TSP的教学方法能够显著提高住院医师在卒中后神经源性膀胱医患沟通方面的能力。这一教学策略有望成为医学教育中提高医患沟通技能的有效手段,从而提高医疗服务质量。
文摘目的对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)相关性疲劳特异性评估工具进行系统评价,为今后临床选择和开发高质量工具提供依据。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库和维普数据库中,所有关于COPD相关性疲劳特异性评估工具相关研究。检索时限为建库至2023年5月22日。使用“基于共识选择健康测量工具的标准(COSMIN)指南”对纳入工具的方法学及测量属性特征进行系统评价,综合评定证据等级并形成推荐意见。结果共纳入8个COPD相关性疲劳特异性评估量表,曼彻斯特COPD疲劳量表(MCFS)为A级推荐,修订版慢性病治疗功能评估—疲劳量表(MFACIT-F)、疲劳影响量表(FIS-25)、COPD和哮喘疲劳量表(CAFS)、疲劳评估工具(TFT)、中文修订版曼彻斯特COPD疲劳量表(MCFS-C)、中文修订版疲劳影响量表(FIS-C)、疲劳严重程度量表(FSS)为B级推荐。结论MCFS量表有高等证据支持内容效度、内部一致性和稳定性、中等证据支持结构效度,故暂被推荐使用,但适合我国的COPD相关性疲劳特异性评估工具仍有待进一步开发。
