A surfactant modified zeolite（ SMZ）, i. e. , a zeolite modified by using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide （HDTMA） was used to remove fulvic acids（FA） from aqueous solution. The effects of the relevant parame...A surfactant modified zeolite（ SMZ）, i. e. , a zeolite modified by using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide （HDTMA） was used to remove fulvic acids（FA） from aqueous solution. The effects of the relevant parameters, such as the loading level of HDTMA, the contact time, the initial FA concentration, the pH, and the types of the metal carious and organics were examined. The results show that SMZ with an HDTMA loading-level of 120% of the external cation exchange capacity（ECEC） of zeolite exhibits the best performance. Although the removal of fulvic acids by SMZ occurs rapidly within the first 30 min of the contact time, a contact time of at least 4 h is required to attain the adsorption equilibrium. The removal capacity of FA by SMZ decreases with the increase of the initial FA concentration. The pH has an effect on the FA removal efficiency because it can influence the characteristics of the FA molecules. The removal of FA is considerably enhanced by Ca^2＋ or Mg^2＋ ions and is adversely affected by phenol or pentachlorophenol（PCP）. Under the optimum conditions, 98% of FA could be removed by SMZ. Furthermore, the desorption of FA and the regeneration of SMZ were studied. The results show that a 30% ethanol solution is sufficient for the regeneration of SMZ.展开更多
Fulvic acids extracted from a typical rice-production region near Taihu Lake of China were fractionated into three fractions including F4.8, F7.0 and F11.0 （eluted by pH 4.8 buffer, pH 7.0 buffer and pH 11.0 buffer, ...Fulvic acids extracted from a typical rice-production region near Taihu Lake of China were fractionated into three fractions including F4.8, F7.0 and F11.0 （eluted by pH 4.8 buffer, pH 7.0 buffer and pH 11.0 buffer, respectively）. Sorption of fulvic acid （FA） fractions onto kaolinite was studied by batch adsorption experiments, and characterizations of kaolinite before and after adsorption were investigated using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Adsorption isotherms of kaolinite for three FA fractions fit well with the Langrnuir adsorption model. The adsorption density of the three fractions was positively correlated with the ratio of the amount of the alkyl carbon to that of carboxyl and carbonyl carbon in FA fractions and followed an order of F11.0 〉 F7.0 〉 F4.8. Hydrophobic interaction was one of the control mechanisms for the sorption of FA fraction onto kaolinite. SEM images confirmed that compared to blank kaolinite samples, kaolinite samples coated by a FA fraction displayed an opener and more dispersed conformation resulting from the disruption of the floc structure in complex. Dispersion of kaolinite after adsorption was due to the repulsion between negatively charged FA-coated particles, which is closely related to the amount of FA fractions absorbed on kaolinite.展开更多
水体中存在的金属离子会干扰活性氯与有机物的反应,进而影响其消毒副产物的生成情况.本文采用紫外可见光谱、红外光谱以及超滤膜分级(UF)等表征方法,研究Cu^(2+)在氯化过程中对富里酸(FA)的形态结构和其消毒副产物——三卤甲烷生成能力(...水体中存在的金属离子会干扰活性氯与有机物的反应,进而影响其消毒副产物的生成情况.本文采用紫外可见光谱、红外光谱以及超滤膜分级(UF)等表征方法,研究Cu^(2+)在氯化过程中对富里酸(FA)的形态结构和其消毒副产物——三卤甲烷生成能力(THMs FP)的影响.结果显示,氯化过程中,Cu^(2+)对各个分子量范围FA的THMs FP均有促进作用,其中分子量范围在10—30 k Da的FA受Cu^(2+)影响最大.这主要是由于Cu^(2+)可与FA中酚、醇等含氧官能团发生络合作用,同时也通过该结构加速FA的水解,催化HOCl和HOBr与FA发生氧化和取代反应,从而促进THMs(尤其是溴代产物)的生成.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High-tech and Development of Program of China(No. 2003AA601060).
文摘A surfactant modified zeolite（ SMZ）, i. e. , a zeolite modified by using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide （HDTMA） was used to remove fulvic acids（FA） from aqueous solution. The effects of the relevant parameters, such as the loading level of HDTMA, the contact time, the initial FA concentration, the pH, and the types of the metal carious and organics were examined. The results show that SMZ with an HDTMA loading-level of 120% of the external cation exchange capacity（ECEC） of zeolite exhibits the best performance. Although the removal of fulvic acids by SMZ occurs rapidly within the first 30 min of the contact time, a contact time of at least 4 h is required to attain the adsorption equilibrium. The removal capacity of FA by SMZ decreases with the increase of the initial FA concentration. The pH has an effect on the FA removal efficiency because it can influence the characteristics of the FA molecules. The removal of FA is considerably enhanced by Ca^2＋ or Mg^2＋ ions and is adversely affected by phenol or pentachlorophenol（PCP）. Under the optimum conditions, 98% of FA could be removed by SMZ. Furthermore, the desorption of FA and the regeneration of SMZ were studied. The results show that a 30% ethanol solution is sufficient for the regeneration of SMZ.
文摘Fulvic acids extracted from a typical rice-production region near Taihu Lake of China were fractionated into three fractions including F4.8, F7.0 and F11.0 （eluted by pH 4.8 buffer, pH 7.0 buffer and pH 11.0 buffer, respectively）. Sorption of fulvic acid （FA） fractions onto kaolinite was studied by batch adsorption experiments, and characterizations of kaolinite before and after adsorption were investigated using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Adsorption isotherms of kaolinite for three FA fractions fit well with the Langrnuir adsorption model. The adsorption density of the three fractions was positively correlated with the ratio of the amount of the alkyl carbon to that of carboxyl and carbonyl carbon in FA fractions and followed an order of F11.0 〉 F7.0 〉 F4.8. Hydrophobic interaction was one of the control mechanisms for the sorption of FA fraction onto kaolinite. SEM images confirmed that compared to blank kaolinite samples, kaolinite samples coated by a FA fraction displayed an opener and more dispersed conformation resulting from the disruption of the floc structure in complex. Dispersion of kaolinite after adsorption was due to the repulsion between negatively charged FA-coated particles, which is closely related to the amount of FA fractions absorbed on kaolinite.
文摘水体中存在的金属离子会干扰活性氯与有机物的反应,进而影响其消毒副产物的生成情况.本文采用紫外可见光谱、红外光谱以及超滤膜分级(UF)等表征方法,研究Cu^(2+)在氯化过程中对富里酸(FA)的形态结构和其消毒副产物——三卤甲烷生成能力(THMs FP)的影响.结果显示,氯化过程中,Cu^(2+)对各个分子量范围FA的THMs FP均有促进作用,其中分子量范围在10—30 k Da的FA受Cu^(2+)影响最大.这主要是由于Cu^(2+)可与FA中酚、醇等含氧官能团发生络合作用,同时也通过该结构加速FA的水解,催化HOCl和HOBr与FA发生氧化和取代反应,从而促进THMs(尤其是溴代产物)的生成.
