Preparation Process and Quality Standard of Rougan Huaxian Ointment

[Objectives] To establish the preparation process and quality standard of Rougan Huaxian ointment.[Methods] The L 9(3 4) orthogonal test was employed to optimize the preparation process by considering the multiplication of water addition, extraction time, and extraction frequency as influencing factors. The dry paste yield was utilized as the evaluation criterion, in conjunction with the actual production conditions. Thin layer chromatography was employed to identify Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati. Ethanol served as the solvent for the determination of ethanol-soluble extractives using the cold immersion method.[Results] The preparation process was conducted as follows: the specified quantity of medicinal materials was combined with water for extraction purposes, performed in two separate stages. In each stage, eight times the amount of water was added. The first extraction lasted for 1.5 h, while the second extraction was completed in 1.0 h. The resulting liquid was then concentrated into a thick paste with a relative density ranging from 1.25 to 1.30 at a temperature of 60 ℃. The thin-layer chromatography analysis of Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati demonstrated distinct spots, effective separation, and the absence of interference from negative samples. Additionally, the ethanol-soluble extractives yielded a minimum of 8.0% in terms of dry weight.[Conclusions] The preparation process for Rougan Huaxian ointment is both stable and feasible. Furthermore, the quality standards established for this preparation are unique and reproducible, thereby facilitating effective quality control.

Standardization and Quality control parameters of Kayam Churna

Kayam Churna is proprietary ayurvedic formulation which is blend of seven ingredients which are Senna leaves(Cassia angustifolia),Black Salt,Mulethi(Glycyrrhiza glabra),Nishoth(Operculina turpethum),Ajwain(Trachyspermum ammi),Haritaki(Terminalia chebula)and Svarjikshara(Sodium bicarbonate)with Senna as a major ingredient.Standardization and stability studies play a vital role for each herbal formulation,so the research was carried out to prepare the formulation in the laboratory and to standardize the Churna,by means of its physicochemical properties,phytochemical analysis and microbiology study.The organoleptic and powdered characteristics were studied and compared with monographs.Various physicochemical analysis was carried out like bulk density,tapped density,percent compressibility,loss on drying,ash value and heavy metal determination.Phytochemical analysis was carried out to find the presence of tannins,alkaloids,glycosides,flavonoids and steroids.Microbiological analysis was evaluated using the Total Viable Count method.HPTLC Chromatographic technique was used for fingerprinting.Microscopic analysis of Formulation showed the presence of Vessels,Fibre,Calcium oxalate crystals,etc.Tannins,Alkaloids,flavonoids were found to be present in the formulation.Microbial count and all physicochemical parameters were found to be within the limits as per the WHO guidelines.Further studies can be carried out for finding out its efficacy and potency.

Quality and Testing Standards on Rice Production in China and Development Strategies

China is the biggest country of rice production and consumption in the world;more than 50% of the population feeds chiefly on rice. The quality of rice and its role as a staplefood carry much weight. The rice qualities are those aspects concerning processing, appearance,cooking, nutrition and safety of the product. The study, formulation and implementation of standardson rice qualities and testing bear heavily on the improving of rice qualities, human health,substitution of rice varieties, promoting quality rice production and regulating rice market.

On Quality Evaluation and Analysis of Metrological Verification and Detection

With the rapid development of China’s economy and society,under the existing economic system,measurement work is of great significance to promote market development and improve people’s living standards.The quality evaluation of testing work is an important means to ensure the accuracy of measurement.Based on the analysis of several factors affecting the quality of measurement work,this paper takes the ionizing radiation monitoring quality as an example,and makes a concrete exposition on the evaluation and analysis of the quality of metrological verification work.

Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM_(2.5)and O_3

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition （SMAT-CE） is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O3 and PM2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards （NAAQS） shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM2.5 and 8-hour O3 for a proposed emission control policy.

Global Financial Crisis and Accounting Rules： The Implications of the New Exposure Draft （ED） Financial Instruments： Expected Credit Losses on the Evaluation of Banking Company Loans

During the financial crisis, the delayed recognition of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments was identified as a weakness in existing incurred loss model of impairment stated by International Accounting Standards （IAS） 39, because it is believed that this delay might generate pro-cyclical effects. In response to the recommendations of G20, Financial Crisis Advisory Group （FCAG）, and other international bodies, the International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） has undertaken, since 2009, as a part of the project to replace IAS 39, a project （partially shared with Financial Accounting Standards Board （FASB）） aimed at introducing an expected loss model of impairment. Within the scope of this subset project, the IASB has previously issued two exposure documents proposing models to account for expected credit losses： an exposure draft （ED） Financial Instrument： Amortized Cost and Impairment, published in November 2009, and a supplementary document （SD） Financial Instrument： Impairment, published jointly with the FASB in January 2011. However, neither of the two proposals received strong support from interested parties. Recently, the IASB, after the FASB＇s decision to withdraw from the joint project and to develop a separate expected credit loss model based on a single measurement approach consisting in the sole recognition of lifetime expected credit losses, published a third proposal--Ahe so-called expected credit losses model （ED/2013/3 Financial Instruments： Expected Credit Losses）.

A systematic review of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and quality of life reporting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Patient reported outcome measures(PROMs)provide a valuable means of measuring outcomes subjectively from a patient's perspective,facilitating the assessment of service quality across healthcare providers,and assisting patients and clinicians in shared decision making.The primary aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise all historic studies evaluating patient reported quality of life,in adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones.The secondary aim was to perform a quality assessment of cholecystectomy-specific PROM-validation studies.A literature review was performed in PubMed,Google ScholarTM,the Cochrane Library,Medline,CINAHL,EMBASE and PsychINFO databases up to September 2017.Study characteristics,PROM-specific details and a bias assessment were summarised for non-validation studies.A COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments(COSMIN)analysis was performed to assess the methodological quality of identified PROM-validation studies.Fifty one studies were found to evaluate health-related quality of life(HRQoL)after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Although 94.1%of these studies included PROMs as a primary outcome measure,<20%provided level 1 evidence through randomised controlled trials(RCTs).There was significant variation in the selection and reporting of PROMs,with no studies declaring patient involvement in PROM selection,and 88.2%of studies failing to document the management of missing data points,or non-returned surveys(33.3%).In the 6 PROM-validation studies identified,only 5 psychometric properties were evaluated,the findings of which were limited due to the small number of studies.This systematic review identifies a lack in consistency of study design and PRO reporting in clinical trials.Whilst an increasing number of studies are being performed to evaluate PROs,a lack of adherence to existing PRO administration and reporting guidelines is continuing to negatively affect study quality.We recommend that future clinical trials utilizing PROs should adhere to established comprehensive guidelines as described.

Comparison and analysis of maize grain commodity quality and mechanical harvest quality between China and the United States

Maize is a bulk commodity in international agricultural product trading,and unified and standardized quality inspection standards are the basis of purchase and sales and other trading behaviors.China and the United States are the largest maize producers and consumers in the world,jointly accounting for more than 60%of the world's total production.In this research,the used data were from annual maize harvest quality reports released by the U.S.Grains Council in 2011-2019 and 2987 groups of mechanical grain harvest sample data collected by the Crop Cultivation and Physiology Innovation Team of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2012-2019,this study compares the quality standards of commercial maize grain in China and the United States,the mechanical harvest quality(which affects the quality of the maize grain commodity),and the status quo of harvesting and storage processes in the two countries.Additionally,this study analyzes the differences in the formulation of mechanical harvest quality standards between China and the United States,as well as the reasons behind these differences,and recommends requirements for the formulation of quality standards for maize production technology and commodities that are in line with the economic conditions and maize-production conditions in China and in line with international standards in order to provide support for the industrialization of modern maize production in China.

红酱理冲颗粒提取工艺及质量标准研究

目的:优选红酱理冲颗粒提取工艺,并建立其质量标准。方法:以栀子苷含量为评价指标,采用L 9(34)正交试验设计法优选红酱理冲颗粒最佳提取工艺;通过薄层色谱(TLC)法对制剂中饮片炒栀子、醋延胡索、川芎、当归、白芍、赤芍、牡丹皮进行薄层鉴别研究,通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对有效成分栀子苷进行含量测定。结果:最佳提取工艺为:全方饮片煎煮3次,第1次煎煮加药材总重的9.5倍量水,第2、3次加8倍量水,每次煎煮30 min;炒栀子,醋延胡索,川芎和当归双阴性,白芍、赤芍和牡丹皮三阴性的TLC图斑点清晰,阴性无干扰,耐用性良好;栀子苷在0.508~0.544 mg/mL范围内,进样量对数与峰面积对数线性良好,线性方程为y=0.0654 x-0.7106,r 2=0.9999;精密度、重复性、溶液稳定性结果的RSD<3%;平均回收率为99.72%(n=6),RSD为2.34%。结论:该制剂的提取工艺可行,建立的定性定量方法便捷、可靠,可作为红酱理冲颗粒的质量控制方法。

不同测试方法在精密手术器械功能质量检查中的比较效果研究

目的:分析对比不同测试方法在精密手术器械功能质量检查中的测试效果,保障手术器械额安全使用。方法:通过查询相关文献及专业书籍,选定精密手术剪和持针器,选用不同的测试材料及方法。精密手术剪依次采用纱布、棉毛布及Interlock手术器械测试套装内的硅胶薄膜方法测试器械切割性能;精密持针器依次采用光照、夹针和Interlock手术器械测试套装内的夹线方法测试器械夹持性能。选取医院清洗消毒合格的100件精密手术剪和100件持针器进行测试效果研究,自制满意度问卷调查手术医生对器械使用的满意度。结果:100件精密手术剪经纱布、棉毛布和硅胶薄膜3种方法测试后,切割性能合格数量分别为94件、76件和58件,其差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=36.526,P<0.05);手术医生对采用硅胶薄膜测试合格的精密手术剪使用满意率最高,为100%,棉毛布和纱布法分别为82.0%和67.0%,其差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=48.439,P<0.05)。100件精密持针器经光照、夹针和夹线3种方法测试后,夹持性能合格数量分别为96件、78件和62件,其差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=38.160,P<0.05);手术医生对采用夹线测试合格的精密持针器使用满意率最高,为100.0%、夹针和光照分别为79.0%和62.0%,医生使用满意率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=57.705,P<0.05)。结论:采用Interlock手术器械测试套装内的测试物检查精密手术剪及持针器功能质量,能客观精准地反映器械功能状态,为器械定期维护与保养提供参考,确保器械安全使用。

标准—检测—认证体系支撑防汛抗旱产品行业高质量发展的思考

标准、检验检测和认证作为国家质量基础设施的重要组成,对产业升级、技术创新和质量提升有重要作用,已经在我国消防和环保等诸多行业发挥了重要作用。但是防汛抗旱产品领域尚未建立起成熟的标准—检测—认证体系。我国防汛抗旱产品具有种类多、类型杂、涉及行业广的特点,为规范防汛抗旱产品市场,促进防汛抗旱产品行业高质量发展,在简要分析国内外防汛抗旱领域标准—检测—认证制度基础上,针对我国防汛抗旱产品行业发展现状,提出了在防汛抗旱产品领域建设标准—检测—认证体系的相关建议。

强化培训及模拟测试方法在住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的研究考前强化培训及模拟测试方法在住院医师规范化培训(以下简称“住培”)过程中的应用效果,提高住培医师的培训质量与考核成绩。方法选取广州医科大学附属第一医院2020年11月及2021年12月参加水平测试的内科住培医师作为研究对象,于2021年起在“三大考”前进行强化培训,特别是对末位15%的学员进行个别辅导,并使用模拟考试(包括执业医师模拟考试及水平测试模拟考试)的方法以提高住培学员的最终考试成绩,随后比较2020年、2021年内科住培医师的业务水平测试(简称水平测试)考核结果及执业医师考试结果,分析强化培训与模拟考试的培训效果。结果通过考前强化培训,2021年的水平测试成绩较2020年有进步。2021年住培医师水平测试平均全国百分位为(73.90±23.29)%,高于2020年度的(55.23±28.52)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2021年住培医师水平测试平均全省百分位为(64.44±26.85)%,高于2020年度的(40.72±28.69)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2020年度广州医科大学附属第一医院内科执业医师考试参加考试人数为20名,通过19名,通过率为95.00%;2021年度广州医科大学附属第一医院内科执业医师考试参加考试人数为24名,通过23名,通过率为95.83%。2020、2021年度的执业医师考试通过率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),连续2年均保持高通过率。2021年,第3、4、5次水平模拟考试成绩均高于第1、2次,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论通过考前多方面强化培训,及时发现问题并反馈住培医师模拟考试结果,根据模拟考试成绩因材施教,可显著提高整体的水平测试考核成绩;通过加强理论授课及过程管理,可以达到培养优秀临床医师、提高住培质量的目的。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关性疲劳评估工具的系统评价

目的对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)相关性疲劳特异性评估工具进行系统评价,为今后临床选择和开发高质量工具提供依据。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库和维普数据库中,所有关于COPD相关性疲劳特异性评估工具相关研究。检索时限为建库至2023年5月22日。使用“基于共识选择健康测量工具的标准(COSMIN)指南”对纳入工具的方法学及测量属性特征进行系统评价,综合评定证据等级并形成推荐意见。结果共纳入8个COPD相关性疲劳特异性评估量表,曼彻斯特COPD疲劳量表(MCFS)为A级推荐,修订版慢性病治疗功能评估—疲劳量表(MFACIT-F)、疲劳影响量表(FIS-25)、COPD和哮喘疲劳量表(CAFS)、疲劳评估工具(TFT)、中文修订版曼彻斯特COPD疲劳量表(MCFS-C)、中文修订版疲劳影响量表(FIS-C)、疲劳严重程度量表(FSS)为B级推荐。结论MCFS量表有高等证据支持内容效度、内部一致性和稳定性、中等证据支持结构效度,故暂被推荐使用,但适合我国的COPD相关性疲劳特异性评估工具仍有待进一步开发。

注射用单磷酸阿糖腺苷细菌内毒素检查方法研究

目的:建立注射用单磷酸阿糖腺苷的细菌内毒素检测方法并进行方法学验证,以期对该品种的质量控制标准进行统一规范。方法:按照《中国药典》2020年版四部通则1143“细菌内毒素检查法”,确定细菌内毒素的限值,进行干扰试验,并进行内毒素检查。结果:按经验拟定的限值标准(每1mg单磷酸阿糖腺苷中含内毒素的量应小于0.06EU)对15个厂家提供的25个批次的供试品进行细菌内毒素检查,结果均符合规定。结论:本文建立的细菌内毒素检查法检查,可用于注射用单磷酸阿糖腺苷的质量控制。

腹腔镜手术机器人应用质量与安全评价标准体系研究

腹腔镜手术机器人能提高操作精度,缩短手术用时,患者出血少,恢复速度快。近年来,国产创新手术机器人的研发取得了显著成果,但目前国内外缺乏相关评价标准,增加了临床应用的风险。为科学评价腹腔镜手术机器人的应用质量与安全,急需研究建立质量检测与评价标准。该研究从控制系统、图像质量、机械精度、电气安全4个维度优选评价指标。在控制系统方面选取软件功能检测规范指标;在图像质量方面选取图像质量检测规范指标;在机械精度方面选取机械臂检测规范指标;在电气安全方面选取设备外观检测规范和产品故障预防与维护控制规范两个指标。通过验证试验研究合理可行的检测与评价方法,为腹腔镜手术机器人的应用质量与安全评价提供依据,填补国内外腹腔镜手术机器人相关标准方面的空白。

基于仪器法的肼类推进剂快速分析技术研究进展

总结了当前应用于肼类推进剂分析的仪器分析技术,包括用于主要组分含量测定的自动电位滴定法、气相色谱分析法和近红外光谱法,以及用于微量组分含量测定的分光光度法和比色法等,讨论了目前在分析仪器、方法、流程以及误差分析等方面的不足和改良,并展望了未来有望提高快速分析能力的技术方法。

黄金检测技术发展历程与展望

随着科学技术的不断发展,中国黄金检测技术得到了大幅提升。从黄金检测的历史、标准化道路、质量保证、自动化智能化发展4个方面阐述了黄金检测技术的发展历程,并对黄金检测的未来发展方向进行了展望,以期为黄金检测技术的高质量发展提供参考。

标准化试采油分析融入质量管理体系研究与实践

试采油分析是评价各产油层产油能力的重要基础,是油田开发工作的关键环节。东方物探起草发布的企业标准《油藏地球物理开发动态信息整理与解释技术规程》详细规定了资料收集范围、信息整理质控、信息解释、报告编写及成果提交等相关要求与规范。东方物探研究院大港分院针对油田开发实际制定试采油分析标准化模板,规范试采油分析步骤,将标准化试采油分析方法纳入质量管理体系运行中。通过严格执行标准化操作,明确了目标区块主要储层的产油能力,提出更符合实际的开发方案,获得了良好效果,为大港油田增储上产提供了有力支撑。

涂料产品检验检测现状浅析及展望

简要介绍了涂料有害物质及性能检测标准体系现状,梳理了ASTM(美国材料与试验协会)建筑涂料方法标准与国内标准的异同,分析了涂料产品质量监督抽查出现的不合格项目,提出了欧盟REACH法规SVHC(高度关注物质)、涂料成膜物质鉴定等检验检测需求,从不同机构间数据的差异、行业间指标定义的差异、企业标准化水平的差异、产品标准的空白等方面讨论了涂料产品检验检测中存在的风险,最后从标准化角度提出了检验检测技术机构从事涂料标准化工作的建议。

标准化在食品质量安全管理中的应用研究

食品质量安全关乎民生福祉,标准化在其治理中扮演着关键角色。本文在分析标准化在食品质量安全管理中的重要性基础上,剖析了标准化在食品质量安全管理中的应用存在问题,并提出了加强食品质量安全管理标准化建设的对策建议。通过标准化手段的创新应用,有望为提升我国食品质量安全治理能力、保障人们“舌尖上的安全”提供参考。