Similar to any other discipline/field, management skills are important in perinatal nursing/medicine. What kinds of management skills are required/important currently and also in the future? The view for this might be...Similar to any other discipline/field, management skills are important in perinatal nursing/medicine. What kinds of management skills are required/important currently and also in the future? The view for this might be different according to the present position of midwives. We here attempted to determine this;we divided study population into three (head nurses, assistant head nurses and advanced midwives). A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted for 1652 advanced midwives in hospitals in Japan during 2018 and 2019. Scores in 8 items showed significant differences among the three groups. The skill with the largest difference among the three groups was the ability to participate in and provide support for social activity. Although higher levels of management skills will be required for nursing managers in the next generation, the levels differ depending on current working positions in advanced midwives.展开更多
Many smaller manufacturers utilize production systems such as ＂individual production＂ and the ＂production of many models in small quantities.＂ In the processes for the ＂production of many models in small quantit...Many smaller manufacturers utilize production systems such as ＂individual production＂ and the ＂production of many models in small quantities.＂ In the processes for the ＂production of many models in small quantities＂ by multi-skilled workers, a manufacturer cannot make good use of the management method with standardized work tables used by large enterprises. Thus, it is necessary to develop ways to f＇md standardized work that is suitable for smaller enterprises. Therefore, we investigated two kinds of factories that utilized flexible manufacturing procedures for the ＂production of many models in small quantities,＂ and considered their work instructions, work contents, changeover methods, workers＇ abilities, etc. One of the compared processes was a case where there was defined standardized work, which was not observed. In the other, a QA （quality assurance） network was created to guarantee the quality. Based on the investigation results, we formulated improvement plans, had the supervisors review them, and clarified the characteristics of their problems. The results revealed areas where much attention was required to find standardized work for such processes. In addition, we made it possible to support the specification of difficult tasks and the renewal of standardized work by extending a standardized work table for the entry of workers＇ actions. This paper reports a method to define and make good use of standardized work tables and standardized work combination tables, i.e., a way to find and use standardized work based on the results of the previously mentioned factory investigation.展开更多
文摘Similar to any other discipline/field, management skills are important in perinatal nursing/medicine. What kinds of management skills are required/important currently and also in the future? The view for this might be different according to the present position of midwives. We here attempted to determine this;we divided study population into three (head nurses, assistant head nurses and advanced midwives). A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted for 1652 advanced midwives in hospitals in Japan during 2018 and 2019. Scores in 8 items showed significant differences among the three groups. The skill with the largest difference among the three groups was the ability to participate in and provide support for social activity. Although higher levels of management skills will be required for nursing managers in the next generation, the levels differ depending on current working positions in advanced midwives.
文摘Many smaller manufacturers utilize production systems such as ＂individual production＂ and the ＂production of many models in small quantities.＂ In the processes for the ＂production of many models in small quantities＂ by multi-skilled workers, a manufacturer cannot make good use of the management method with standardized work tables used by large enterprises. Thus, it is necessary to develop ways to f＇md standardized work that is suitable for smaller enterprises. Therefore, we investigated two kinds of factories that utilized flexible manufacturing procedures for the ＂production of many models in small quantities,＂ and considered their work instructions, work contents, changeover methods, workers＇ abilities, etc. One of the compared processes was a case where there was defined standardized work, which was not observed. In the other, a QA （quality assurance） network was created to guarantee the quality. Based on the investigation results, we formulated improvement plans, had the supervisors review them, and clarified the characteristics of their problems. The results revealed areas where much attention was required to find standardized work for such processes. In addition, we made it possible to support the specification of difficult tasks and the renewal of standardized work by extending a standardized work table for the entry of workers＇ actions. This paper reports a method to define and make good use of standardized work tables and standardized work combination tables, i.e., a way to find and use standardized work based on the results of the previously mentioned factory investigation.
