Standardization of meibomian gland dysfunction in an Egyptian population sample using a non-contact meibography technique

AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population sample.METHODS:Observational,cross-sectional,analytic study,in which 104 Egyptian volunteers were included.Both upper lids were examined,using“Sirius CSO”machine.Each eyelid was given a degree of meibomian gland loss(MGL),which was calculated by the software of the machine.RESULTS:Mean percentage MGL in right upper lid was of 30.9%±12.6%,and that of left upper lid was 32.6%±11.8%.Thirty-four volunteers(32.7%)had first-degree MGL in their right upper lid,and 67.3%had second-degree loss.One volunteer(1%)had zero-degree MGL in left upper lid,28(26.9%)had first-degree loss,and 75(72.1%)had second-degree loss.Degree of MGL in right upper eyelid was not related to age,but degree of MGL in left upper eyelid increased with age.There was statistically significant difference between both genders for degree of MGL in right eye(P=0.036)and in left eye(P=0.027).CONCLUSION:Noncontact meibography is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing MGL.MGL is diagnosed in 100%of apparently normal individuals;26.9%-32.7%of which have first-degree MGL,and 67.3%-72.1%have second-degree MGL.

Workshop on driving inclusiveness in standardization

With the support of the Belgian FPS Economy,SBS and CEN-CENELEC are co-organizing the workshop,under the High-Level Forum on European standardization(HLF)and its workstream on inclusiveness in national standardization,to tackle issues of access and participation in standardization at the national level and discuss and promote best practices.

China and Sri Lanka sign a MoU on standardization

Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Qiang and Sri Lanka Prime Minister Dinesh Gunawardena,Luo Wen,Minister of SAMR,and Anura Dissanayake,Secretary to the Prime Minster of Sri Lanka,signed a MoU on the standardization area on March 26.

International Standardization of Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology:Overlaps,Gaps and Challenges

As one of the most concerned digital technologies in recent years,blockchain and distributed ledger technology are an important driving force for a new round of technological development.It is currently in the process of accelerating its evolution and maturity,and has gradually integrated with other digital technologies.It has been applied in many industries,providing decentralized solutions for various industries,realizing innovative storage models,and building a new trust system.As blockchain technology is officially incorporated into China’s new information infrastructure category,the application fields of blockchain have expanded rapidly,gradually extending from the financial field and government affairs to other fields in the real economy.At the same time,with the continuous development of the globalized economy,blockchain technology will also have a profound impact on international technological and economic development.Therefore,for the healthy and orderly development and real implementation of the blockchain industry,standardize the application of blockchain,effectively break through the cognitive and technical barriers between different countries,industries and systems on a global scale,prevent application risks,the development of the global blockchain industry needs standardization basis,which is particularly important and urgent.A sound standard system is an important key to the successful development of technology,and formulating the right standard at the right time for technology development helps ensure the ease of use and interoperability of the technology.From the perspective of international standardization,this article first introduces the general situation of ISO,ITU-T,IEEE,W3C and other international standardization organizations,and sorts out the status quo of the blockchain standardization working groups of mainstream international standardization organizations.All blockchain-related standards under development have been analyzed for the characteristics of international blockchain technology standards and industry application standards.Through data analysis,the overlaps,differences and conflicts in the field of international blockchain standard formulation are sorted out,and suggestions for blockchain standardization work in the application and development of blockchain technology standardization by international organizations and industries are put forward.The plans and layouts of future international standards are summarized to help the development of the international standardization of blockchain.

Standardization of apple cancellation test for neglect patients in Korea:An observational study

BACKGROUND Neglect can be divided into two types using apple cancellation test(apple test):Egocentric neglect(EN)and allocentric neglect(AN).However,in South Korea,apple test results and decision criteria are still largely dependent on tests by foreign countries.AIM To establish a new South Korea standard and improve the accuracy of neglect assessment,the apple experiment was standardized in this study.METHODS This study was conducted on 223 healthy subjects for a total of 7 mo from August 2021 to February 2022.Standardization was carried out using the original apple test developed by Bickerton in 2011.In scoring for the apple test,total omission error refers to the number of missed targets(full apple)in the entire test sheet(left,middle,and right area).The score for EN is the difference between the correct number of right area and the correct number of left area(excluding the middle area).For AN,the score is difference between the number of left opening apples and number of right opening apples(including the middle area).Linear regression analysis was used for standardization using the general characteristics of subjects and the results of the apple test.RESULTS The cut-off score,which is the standard value indicating the pathological condition by combining the results of all subjects,is as follows:Total omission error(5),error for EN(2),and error for AN(2).Also,differences in cut-off score according to age were found.CONCLUSION This study will be helpful in facilitating a more accurate differential diagnosis of neglect.

CNIS and the Palace Museum work together for standardization of heritage conservation

The Palace Museum is not only a historic ancient building preserving cultural relics,but also one of the irreplaceable spiritual symbols of Chinese people.In order to implement the major deployments of the National Standardization Development Outline,and exert the basic and strategic role of standards in the protection of cultural relics,the Palace Museum and CNIS held a meeting on standardization work on August 28.

Cloud Computing Standardization:Fueling Digital Economy Industry Advancements

In recent years,China’s information technology sector has witnessed rapid growth.The development landscape of cloud security,storage,servers,and data centers,all linked to the cloud computing industry,has seen continuous expansion.The significance of cloud computing standardization in driving the development of the digital economy industry has grown notably.This article aims to present the fundamental concepts of cloud computing,provide an overview of its application in fostering the digital economy industry,analyze the current status and principal challenges in cloud computing standardization research,explore strategies for leveraging cloud computing standardization to empower the digital economy industry and offer a range of application scenarios.The goal is to summarize experiences and offer valuable reference material for relevant stakeholders.

Analysis of the Standardization of Administrative Management in Colleges and Universities Under the Background of Information Technology

In the development of the information age,universities should recognize the significant impact of information technology on their own development.In practice,it is possible to effectively improve the efficiency and quality of work by dealing with and constructing information-based methods,innovating administrative management models,and adopting more efficient and scientific methods to address various problems and shortcomings encountered in work.As an important part of university management,administrative management is a complex task.Establishing a standardized management model through information technology can further improve the comprehensive efficiency of administrative management.In this regard,the administrative standardization in universities under the background of information technology is analyzed and studied in this paper.

信息资源管理学科标准化人才培养模式研究——以“N+2+3”培养模式为例

信息资源管理学科与标准化领域关联密切,随着信息产业规模的不断扩大,标准化工作的重要性在信息资源管理领域逐渐凸显。本文旨在基于当前标准化人才培养的经验,优化信息资源管理标准化人才的培养模式。通过文献研究、网络调查对国内外人才培养的现状进行调查;采用访谈法和参与式观察对信息资源管理标准化人才培养的典型案例进行实地调研,继而进行案例分析。该典型案例中,信息资源管理标准化人才培养采用“N+2+3”模式,即“标准驱动、两层培育、三维协同”。通过比较该模式与国内外标准化人才培养的经验,发现该模式存在教学主体不够多元、忽略产业和市场需求的问题。基于此提出了优化模型,以促进更加全面的信息资源管理标准化人才培养。

《中医药数据资源元数据》规范

《中医药数据资源元数据》的发布可为中医药数据资源提供元数据著录规范。通过对国内外相关元数据标准的调研及研究,结合中医药数据资源实际情况,在广泛征求专家意见基础上,制定本规范。本规范规定了中医药数据资源元数据结构,包括元数据子集、元数据实体及元数据元素,用于完整描述中医药数据资源,适用于中医药数据资源的编目、归档、建库、发布、共享、交换与检索等,可以帮助用户从海量数据中发现符合需求的资源,以促进中医药领域数据资源描述的规范化和标准化。

车联网安全标准综述

车联网(IoV)安全标准是保障车联网产业发展的压舱石。为了让研究者全面清晰的了解IoV产业的安全需求,基于IoV的“云-管-端”三层体系架构,从IoV安全标准视角出发,统计分析了IoV的安全标准和政策文件,对比分析了国际和国内标准化组织发布的IoV安全标准的侧重点、总结了各层的安全需求、防护技术和安全标准之间的对应关系,给出了IoV安全标准的发展趋势和建设建议。

司法实践中“证据标准”之评析

“证据标准”是我国近年刑事司法实践中发展出的一个区别于“证明标准”的独特概念,其核心是指某类犯罪定罪量刑所需的基本证据,另外还包括收集各类证据应遵循的程序性规范和技术性规范。“统一证据标准”不应作为“以审判为中心”诉讼制度改革的核心,因为“统一证据标准”不仅无助于庭审实质化的实现,还会妨碍法官对证据的主观判断。“证据标准”并非一种法定证据制度,但由于它本身具有一些违反诉讼证明原理之处,所以仍会给我国的刑事证明带来一些消极影响,包括强化诉讼证明偏重客观化的倾向、抹杀不同类型案件证明路径的差异性、使控方在收集和审查证据中侧重于指控有罪的心理偏差更为严重。“证据标准”对侦查取证环节可以发挥一定的积极作用,有利于指引和规范侦查取证,也有利于过程证据、辅助证据的收集。总体上看,“证据标准”弊大于利,并非我国刑事诉讼程序和证据制度完善所必需,可以予以舍弃;即便要继续运用,也应将其限于侦查取证阶段,并将其改造为一种指导性、全面性的取证指南,才能使其在合理范围内发挥作用。

中国医学卫生健康自主知识体系:创新视域和建设路径

为了加快构建中国医学卫生健康自主知识体系,提炼中国医学卫生健康实践中具有主体性、原创性的观点和认识,基于大医学、大卫生、大健康的创新视域和多年的医学术语理论与实践工作,该项研究遵循专家团队与信息技术相结合的建设路径,初步提出了中国医学卫生健康自主知识体系框架,以推动自主知识产权的医学术语标准化和应用落地。建设中国医学卫生健康自主知识体系框架旨在指导医学卫生健康工作,推进健康中国建设,增强中国在国际社会的话语主动权,展现新时代的中国精神。

国际中文教育标准建设的述评与展望

国际中文教育标准建设是促进国际中文教育高质量发展,推动中华文化走向世界的强大动能。通过回顾国际中文教育标准的发展历程可见,国际中文教育的标准建设经历了初创布局、创新巩固和跨越升级3个发展阶段,并形成了具有规范化、国际化、专业化、纵深化的建设特点。然而在发展的过程中,还存在体系建设亟待完善,服务力亟待提升,国际化仍需加强的问题。因此,未来应把握好国际中文教育标准建设的整体性,强化国际中文教育标准建设的政策供给能力,提升国际中文教育标准研究的服务能力,提高国际中文教育标准的国际影响力,增强国际中文教育标准化发展的理论探索,助力国际中文教育高质量发展。

高职“中药鉴定技术”在线精品课程规范化建设探索与实践

“中药鉴定技术”是高职高专中药、中药制药等专业学生的必修核心课程。本课程团队秉承知识传授、能力培养与价值引领三位一体的理念,依托省级“课程思政”示范课程建设项目,重新设定了在线开放课程建设的思路与目标,开发体现课程思政教育特点的教学资源,尝试进行“线上+线下”混合式教学模式。本文从在线精品课程的设计、课程建设、课程应用和课程思政建设及考核评价等方面介绍中药鉴定在线精品课程的规范化建设思路和内容,以期对同类职业院校的在线课程建设和专业课程教学提供一定的帮助与参考,也是对“课程思政”教学模式的有益探索。

大型综合医院《住院患者深静脉血栓栓塞症》防治团体标准推广应用研究

目的探讨《中国医院质量安全管理》团体标准“第2-25部分患者服务:住院患者深静脉血栓栓塞症防治”标准(简称VTE)在某大型综合医院的宣贯和应用。方法结合中国医院协会VTE标准,通过标准实施设计、试点遴选、标准实施、评价改进四个阶段,找出存在问题并提出改进建议。结果通过TOPSIS法对试点单位和非试点单位进行比较分析,发现试点单位VTE综合防治质量远高于非试点单位。结论应用VTE团体标准可有效提高VTE防治能力,规范VTE诊疗操作流程,减少VTE误诊、漏诊和死亡发生,保障患者安全,可为同类医院提供借鉴。

中国医院协会《中国医院质量安全管理》团体标准编制与应用实践研究

中国医院协会以医疗质量安全为主题,组织开展《中国医院质量安全管理》系列团体标准编制与应用建设。文章从标准建设背景、编制特点、应用模式等方面进行阐释,并对编制中的问题进行探讨,提出提高团体标准质量及扩展应用路径和方式,充分发挥团体标准作用和价值等思考。

试论数学教育中模式与模型构建的思维方式

在大数据时代背景下,模式与模型成为数学教育讨论的热点问题之一。对于模式与模型的概念、二者间的关联以及如何构建模式与模型的思维范式等问题的探讨对推进数学建模研究至关重要。模式是构建数学模型的本原,模型是用数学的语言讲述现实世界的故事。数学概念经历了现实的和逻辑的两次抽象,命题模式构建需要经历“三阶段”,数学模型的构建需要“三化”的思维范式。简约和想象是数学模型构建的核心思维特征。简约是基于现实与逻辑的抽象;想象是实践经验与思维经验的复合。

地方气象标准体系构成浅析——以吉林省为例

气象标准体系是气象标准化工作的规划和指引,标准构成分析可直观了解气象标准化工作现状。本文以吉林省气象标准体系为例,对照《气象高质量发展纲要(2022-2035年)》要求,浅析地方气象标准体系的具体构成特点,明确气象服务保障是目前气象标准化工作的突出领域,数值天气预报、资源开发利用、专业气象服务、气象灾害监测预警和重大突发事件保障等是目前气象标准化工作的重点方向,提出各业务领域全面加强标准化培训工作以及标准化管理工作需求和建议,以期为各地方气象标准体系建设及标准化工作发展提供科学参考。

ISO针灸国际标准建设概况与特点分析

目的:分析国际标准化组织(international organization for standardization,ISO)针灸国际标准建设的概况与特点,为进一步推进针灸国际标准化建设提供依据,以促进针灸疗法的推广、应用与国际交流。方法:对ISO官网中针灸相关标准进行检索,并分析其特点。结果:目前ISO已发布的针灸相关标准共19项,包括器具标准13项、术语标准5项、安全标准1项;正在研制中的针灸相关标准共6项,包括器具标准3项、术语标准1项、安全标准2项。结论:ISO针灸国际标准制定快速增长,涉及的领域逐步扩大;ISO针灸相关标准以器具标准为主,安全标准仅涉及器具安全;ISO针灸相关国际标准的推广和应用有待提高。