AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population sample.METHODS:Obser...AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population sample.METHODS:Observational,cross-sectional,analytic study,in which 104 Egyptian volunteers were included.Both upper lids were examined,using“Sirius CSO”machine.Each eyelid was given a degree of meibomian gland loss(MGL),which was calculated by the software of the machine.RESULTS:Mean percentage MGL in right upper lid was of 30.9%±12.6%,and that of left upper lid was 32.6%±11.8%.Thirty-four volunteers(32.7%)had first-degree MGL in their right upper lid,and 67.3%had second-degree loss.One volunteer(1%)had zero-degree MGL in left upper lid,28(26.9%)had first-degree loss,and 75(72.1%)had second-degree loss.Degree of MGL in right upper eyelid was not related to age,but degree of MGL in left upper eyelid increased with age.There was statistically significant difference between both genders for degree of MGL in right eye(P=0.036)and in left eye(P=0.027).CONCLUSION:Noncontact meibography is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing MGL.MGL is diagnosed in 100%of apparently normal individuals;26.9%-32.7%of which have first-degree MGL,and 67.3%-72.1%have second-degree MGL.展开更多
With the support of the Belgian FPS Economy,SBS and CEN-CENELEC are co-organizing the workshop,under the High-Level Forum on European standardization(HLF)and its workstream on inclusiveness in national standardization...With the support of the Belgian FPS Economy,SBS and CEN-CENELEC are co-organizing the workshop,under the High-Level Forum on European standardization(HLF)and its workstream on inclusiveness in national standardization,to tackle issues of access and participation in standardization at the national level and discuss and promote best practices.展开更多
Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Qiang and Sri Lanka Prime Minister Dinesh Gunawardena,Luo Wen,Minister of SAMR,and Anura Dissanayake,Secretary to the Prime Minster of Sri Lanka,signed a MoU on the standardization area...Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Qiang and Sri Lanka Prime Minister Dinesh Gunawardena,Luo Wen,Minister of SAMR,and Anura Dissanayake,Secretary to the Prime Minster of Sri Lanka,signed a MoU on the standardization area on March 26.展开更多
As one of the most concerned digital technologies in recent years,blockchain and distributed ledger technology are an important driving force for a new round of technological development.It is currently in the process...As one of the most concerned digital technologies in recent years,blockchain and distributed ledger technology are an important driving force for a new round of technological development.It is currently in the process of accelerating its evolution and maturity,and has gradually integrated with other digital technologies.It has been applied in many industries,providing decentralized solutions for various industries,realizing innovative storage models,and building a new trust system.As blockchain technology is officially incorporated into China’s new information infrastructure category,the application fields of blockchain have expanded rapidly,gradually extending from the financial field and government affairs to other fields in the real economy.At the same time,with the continuous development of the globalized economy,blockchain technology will also have a profound impact on international technological and economic development.Therefore,for the healthy and orderly development and real implementation of the blockchain industry,standardize the application of blockchain,effectively break through the cognitive and technical barriers between different countries,industries and systems on a global scale,prevent application risks,the development of the global blockchain industry needs standardization basis,which is particularly important and urgent.A sound standard system is an important key to the successful development of technology,and formulating the right standard at the right time for technology development helps ensure the ease of use and interoperability of the technology.From the perspective of international standardization,this article first introduces the general situation of ISO,ITU-T,IEEE,W3C and other international standardization organizations,and sorts out the status quo of the blockchain standardization working groups of mainstream international standardization organizations.All blockchain-related standards under development have been analyzed for the characteristics of international blockchain technology standards and industry application standards.Through data analysis,the overlaps,differences and conflicts in the field of international blockchain standard formulation are sorted out,and suggestions for blockchain standardization work in the application and development of blockchain technology standardization by international organizations and industries are put forward.The plans and layouts of future international standards are summarized to help the development of the international standardization of blockchain.展开更多
BACKGROUND Neglect can be divided into two types using apple cancellation test(apple test):Egocentric neglect(EN)and allocentric neglect(AN).However,in South Korea,apple test results and decision criteria are still la...BACKGROUND Neglect can be divided into two types using apple cancellation test(apple test):Egocentric neglect(EN)and allocentric neglect(AN).However,in South Korea,apple test results and decision criteria are still largely dependent on tests by foreign countries.AIM To establish a new South Korea standard and improve the accuracy of neglect assessment,the apple experiment was standardized in this study.METHODS This study was conducted on 223 healthy subjects for a total of 7 mo from August 2021 to February 2022.Standardization was carried out using the original apple test developed by Bickerton in 2011.In scoring for the apple test,total omission error refers to the number of missed targets(full apple)in the entire test sheet(left,middle,and right area).The score for EN is the difference between the correct number of right area and the correct number of left area(excluding the middle area).For AN,the score is difference between the number of left opening apples and number of right opening apples(including the middle area).Linear regression analysis was used for standardization using the general characteristics of subjects and the results of the apple test.RESULTS The cut-off score,which is the standard value indicating the pathological condition by combining the results of all subjects,is as follows:Total omission error(5),error for EN(2),and error for AN(2).Also,differences in cut-off score according to age were found.CONCLUSION This study will be helpful in facilitating a more accurate differential diagnosis of neglect.展开更多
The Palace Museum is not only a historic ancient building preserving cultural relics,but also one of the irreplaceable spiritual symbols of Chinese people.In order to implement the major deployments of the National St...The Palace Museum is not only a historic ancient building preserving cultural relics,but also one of the irreplaceable spiritual symbols of Chinese people.In order to implement the major deployments of the National Standardization Development Outline,and exert the basic and strategic role of standards in the protection of cultural relics,the Palace Museum and CNIS held a meeting on standardization work on August 28.展开更多
In recent years,China’s information technology sector has witnessed rapid growth.The development landscape of cloud security,storage,servers,and data centers,all linked to the cloud computing industry,has seen contin...In recent years,China’s information technology sector has witnessed rapid growth.The development landscape of cloud security,storage,servers,and data centers,all linked to the cloud computing industry,has seen continuous expansion.The significance of cloud computing standardization in driving the development of the digital economy industry has grown notably.This article aims to present the fundamental concepts of cloud computing,provide an overview of its application in fostering the digital economy industry,analyze the current status and principal challenges in cloud computing standardization research,explore strategies for leveraging cloud computing standardization to empower the digital economy industry and offer a range of application scenarios.The goal is to summarize experiences and offer valuable reference material for relevant stakeholders.展开更多
In the development of the information age,universities should recognize the significant impact of information technology on their own development.In practice,it is possible to effectively improve the efficiency and qu...In the development of the information age,universities should recognize the significant impact of information technology on their own development.In practice,it is possible to effectively improve the efficiency and quality of work by dealing with and constructing information-based methods,innovating administrative management models,and adopting more efficient and scientific methods to address various problems and shortcomings encountered in work.As an important part of university management,administrative management is a complex task.Establishing a standardized management model through information technology can further improve the comprehensive efficiency of administrative management.In this regard,the administrative standardization in universities under the background of information technology is analyzed and studied in this paper.展开更多
目的:分析国际标准化组织(international organization for standardization,ISO)针灸国际标准建设的概况与特点,为进一步推进针灸国际标准化建设提供依据,以促进针灸疗法的推广、应用与国际交流。方法:对ISO官网中针灸相关标准进行检索...目的:分析国际标准化组织(international organization for standardization,ISO)针灸国际标准建设的概况与特点,为进一步推进针灸国际标准化建设提供依据,以促进针灸疗法的推广、应用与国际交流。方法:对ISO官网中针灸相关标准进行检索,并分析其特点。结果:目前ISO已发布的针灸相关标准共19项,包括器具标准13项、术语标准5项、安全标准1项;正在研制中的针灸相关标准共6项,包括器具标准3项、术语标准1项、安全标准2项。结论:ISO针灸国际标准制定快速增长,涉及的领域逐步扩大;ISO针灸相关标准以器具标准为主,安全标准仅涉及器具安全;ISO针灸相关国际标准的推广和应用有待提高。展开更多
文摘AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population sample.METHODS:Observational,cross-sectional,analytic study,in which 104 Egyptian volunteers were included.Both upper lids were examined,using“Sirius CSO”machine.Each eyelid was given a degree of meibomian gland loss(MGL),which was calculated by the software of the machine.RESULTS:Mean percentage MGL in right upper lid was of 30.9%±12.6%,and that of left upper lid was 32.6%±11.8%.Thirty-four volunteers(32.7%)had first-degree MGL in their right upper lid,and 67.3%had second-degree loss.One volunteer(1%)had zero-degree MGL in left upper lid,28(26.9%)had first-degree loss,and 75(72.1%)had second-degree loss.Degree of MGL in right upper eyelid was not related to age,but degree of MGL in left upper eyelid increased with age.There was statistically significant difference between both genders for degree of MGL in right eye(P=0.036)and in left eye(P=0.027).CONCLUSION:Noncontact meibography is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing MGL.MGL is diagnosed in 100%of apparently normal individuals;26.9%-32.7%of which have first-degree MGL,and 67.3%-72.1%have second-degree MGL.
文摘With the support of the Belgian FPS Economy,SBS and CEN-CENELEC are co-organizing the workshop,under the High-Level Forum on European standardization(HLF)and its workstream on inclusiveness in national standardization,to tackle issues of access and participation in standardization at the national level and discuss and promote best practices.
文摘Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Qiang and Sri Lanka Prime Minister Dinesh Gunawardena,Luo Wen,Minister of SAMR,and Anura Dissanayake,Secretary to the Prime Minster of Sri Lanka,signed a MoU on the standardization area on March 26.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C01105)the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province(2020B0101090003)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2701100)These supports are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘As one of the most concerned digital technologies in recent years,blockchain and distributed ledger technology are an important driving force for a new round of technological development.It is currently in the process of accelerating its evolution and maturity,and has gradually integrated with other digital technologies.It has been applied in many industries,providing decentralized solutions for various industries,realizing innovative storage models,and building a new trust system.As blockchain technology is officially incorporated into China’s new information infrastructure category,the application fields of blockchain have expanded rapidly,gradually extending from the financial field and government affairs to other fields in the real economy.At the same time,with the continuous development of the globalized economy,blockchain technology will also have a profound impact on international technological and economic development.Therefore,for the healthy and orderly development and real implementation of the blockchain industry,standardize the application of blockchain,effectively break through the cognitive and technical barriers between different countries,industries and systems on a global scale,prevent application risks,the development of the global blockchain industry needs standardization basis,which is particularly important and urgent.A sound standard system is an important key to the successful development of technology,and formulating the right standard at the right time for technology development helps ensure the ease of use and interoperability of the technology.From the perspective of international standardization,this article first introduces the general situation of ISO,ITU-T,IEEE,W3C and other international standardization organizations,and sorts out the status quo of the blockchain standardization working groups of mainstream international standardization organizations.All blockchain-related standards under development have been analyzed for the characteristics of international blockchain technology standards and industry application standards.Through data analysis,the overlaps,differences and conflicts in the field of international blockchain standard formulation are sorted out,and suggestions for blockchain standardization work in the application and development of blockchain technology standardization by international organizations and industries are put forward.The plans and layouts of future international standards are summarized to help the development of the international standardization of blockchain.
基金National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by The Korea Government,No.2021R1G1A1093494.
文摘BACKGROUND Neglect can be divided into two types using apple cancellation test(apple test):Egocentric neglect(EN)and allocentric neglect(AN).However,in South Korea,apple test results and decision criteria are still largely dependent on tests by foreign countries.AIM To establish a new South Korea standard and improve the accuracy of neglect assessment,the apple experiment was standardized in this study.METHODS This study was conducted on 223 healthy subjects for a total of 7 mo from August 2021 to February 2022.Standardization was carried out using the original apple test developed by Bickerton in 2011.In scoring for the apple test,total omission error refers to the number of missed targets(full apple)in the entire test sheet(left,middle,and right area).The score for EN is the difference between the correct number of right area and the correct number of left area(excluding the middle area).For AN,the score is difference between the number of left opening apples and number of right opening apples(including the middle area).Linear regression analysis was used for standardization using the general characteristics of subjects and the results of the apple test.RESULTS The cut-off score,which is the standard value indicating the pathological condition by combining the results of all subjects,is as follows:Total omission error(5),error for EN(2),and error for AN(2).Also,differences in cut-off score according to age were found.CONCLUSION This study will be helpful in facilitating a more accurate differential diagnosis of neglect.
文摘The Palace Museum is not only a historic ancient building preserving cultural relics,but also one of the irreplaceable spiritual symbols of Chinese people.In order to implement the major deployments of the National Standardization Development Outline,and exert the basic and strategic role of standards in the protection of cultural relics,the Palace Museum and CNIS held a meeting on standardization work on August 28.
文摘In recent years,China’s information technology sector has witnessed rapid growth.The development landscape of cloud security,storage,servers,and data centers,all linked to the cloud computing industry,has seen continuous expansion.The significance of cloud computing standardization in driving the development of the digital economy industry has grown notably.This article aims to present the fundamental concepts of cloud computing,provide an overview of its application in fostering the digital economy industry,analyze the current status and principal challenges in cloud computing standardization research,explore strategies for leveraging cloud computing standardization to empower the digital economy industry and offer a range of application scenarios.The goal is to summarize experiences and offer valuable reference material for relevant stakeholders.
文摘In the development of the information age,universities should recognize the significant impact of information technology on their own development.In practice,it is possible to effectively improve the efficiency and quality of work by dealing with and constructing information-based methods,innovating administrative management models,and adopting more efficient and scientific methods to address various problems and shortcomings encountered in work.As an important part of university management,administrative management is a complex task.Establishing a standardized management model through information technology can further improve the comprehensive efficiency of administrative management.In this regard,the administrative standardization in universities under the background of information technology is analyzed and studied in this paper.
文摘目的:分析国际标准化组织(international organization for standardization,ISO)针灸国际标准建设的概况与特点,为进一步推进针灸国际标准化建设提供依据,以促进针灸疗法的推广、应用与国际交流。方法:对ISO官网中针灸相关标准进行检索,并分析其特点。结果:目前ISO已发布的针灸相关标准共19项,包括器具标准13项、术语标准5项、安全标准1项;正在研制中的针灸相关标准共6项,包括器具标准3项、术语标准1项、安全标准2项。结论:ISO针灸国际标准制定快速增长,涉及的领域逐步扩大;ISO针灸相关标准以器具标准为主,安全标准仅涉及器具安全;ISO针灸相关国际标准的推广和应用有待提高。