Development of a Time-Efficient Approach to Measure the Acoustic Impedance of Industrial Insulating Materials

This study presents a development on a time efficient approach to measure the Acoustic Impedance of Industrial Insulating materials using an impedance tube with single moveable microphone and a white noise generator. The standing wave method is used to measure the acoustic properties (absorption coefficient and acoustic impedance) of sound absorbing materials. In order to use a burst of white noise instead of individual stationary sine waves, a signal processing technique was developed. The algorithm is based on the equation of simple harmonic motion, but uses distance as a variable, instead of time. This innovative method allows measuring at frequency resolutions as low as 5 Hz in a reasonably short amount of time. This is an advantage, as the classical standing wave method uses frequency resolutions of one-third of octaves for measurements, as otherwise time would be prohibitive. Experimental results are validated with those measured with the sine wave generator using one-third of octave frequencies by comparing their behaviours.

Acoustic Absorption Characteristics of Perforated Thin Plate with Air Jets and Cavity

The present paper focuses on the effect of air jets through a perforated thin plate on the characteristics of an acoustic absorption coefficient. We measured the flow rate, internal pressure, acoustic pressure, and transfer function by using an improved acoustic impedance tube. The normal incidence absorption coefficient was calculated from the measured transfer function using transfer function methods. As a result, the frequency characteristics of the acoustic absorption coefficient against the frequency showed a maximum value at the local frequency. The peak frequency of the acoustic absorption coefficient depended on the thickness of the background air space and the thickness of the perforated plate. As the flow rate increased through the micropores, the peak level of the acoustic absorption coefficient also increased until a flow rate of 80?l /min. As the flow rate further increased, the peak level of the acoustic absorption coefficient decreased and that of the high frequency band increased.

Acoustic Properties of Micro-Perforated Panels Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid

This paper presents the development and performance of micro-perforated panels(MPP)from natural fiber reinforced composites.The MPP is made of Polylactic Acid(PLA)reinforced with Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber(OPEFBF).The investigation was made by varying the fiber density,air gap,and perforation ratio to observe the effect on the Sound Absorption Coefficient(SAC)through the experiment in an impedance tube.It is found that the peak level of SAC is not affected,but the peak frequency shifts to lower frequency when the fiber density is increased.This phenomenon might be due to the presence of porosity in the inner wall of the holes.Increasing or decreasing the air gap and perforation ratio shifts the peaks of acoustic absorption either way.

Analysis on the influence factors of the acoustic absorption performance of porous fiber materials

Porous fiber materials are the most widely used acoustic absorption materials at present,and they have excellent acoustic absorption performance.This paper uses the finite element method to explore the factors affecting the acoustic absorption performance of porous fiber materials,including flow resistance,thickness of the porous fiber material,incidence angle,and back cavity thickness.Due to the complex acoustic absorption mechanism of porous fiber materials,an equivalent fluid model is used to simulate the acoustic absorption properties of the porous fiber materials.The correlation of acoustic absorption performance and the model of the back cavity was analyzed.An impedance tube test was implemented to verify the simulation results.

Prediction of Acoustic Absorption Performance of a Perforated Plate with Air Jets

The present study focuses on the prediction of acoustic absorption performance of a perforated plate with air jets by theoretical calculations. In addition, we experimentally measured the flow rate, internal pressure, acoustic pressure, and transfer function using an acoustic impedance tube. The normal incidence absorption coefficient was calculated from the measured transfer function using transfer function methods. We investigated the influences of background air space, flow velocity, thickness, aperture rate, and aperture diameter of a perforated plate on the acoustic absorption characteristics. The frequency characteristics of the acoustic absorption coefficient showed a maximum value at a local frequency. As the background air space increased, the peak frequency of acoustic absorption characteristics decreased. As the flow velocity passing through the apertures increased, the peak level of the acoustic absorption coefficient also increased. The theoretical results agreed well with the experimental ones qualitatively.

Feasibility of photoacoustic tomography for ophthalmology

For the eyeball composed of membrane and liquid, the contrast of ultrasound imaging is not high due to its small variance in acoustic impedance. As a new imaging modality, photoacoustic tomography combines the advantages of pure optical and ultrasonic imaging together and can provide high resolution, high contrast images. In this paper, the feasibility of photoacoustic tomography for ophthalmology is studied experimentally. A Q-switched Nd：YAG pulsed laser with 7-ns pulse width is used to generate photoacoustic signal of a porcine eyeball in vitro. The two-dimensional （2D） optical absorption image of the entire eyeball is reconstructed by time-domain spherical back projection algorithm. The imaging results agree well with the histological structure of the eyeball and show a high imaging contrast.

高声强双层穿孔结构的吸声计算

对高声强下不同的穿孔结构非线性声阻抗模型进行比较,分析入射声压对穿孔吸声结构声阻抗的影响,并提出双层穿孔结构的改进传递矩阵法。不同声阻抗模型的实验和计算结果表明,入射声压级小于140 dB时,Park模型和Maa模型的计算结果与实验数据吻合良好;入射声压级为140~150 dB时,Laly模型的计算结果更接近实验结果。对于高声强下的双层及多层穿孔结构,在所提出的改进传递矩阵法中,根据传递矩阵计算得到各层板表面声压级,每层穿孔的声阻抗根据声压级和穿孔参数进行计算,进而得到总声阻抗。结果表明,入射声压级为120~150 dB时,双层穿孔结构的改进传递矩阵法计算结果与实验数据吻合良好。

基于阻抗匹配的吸声方法

对于低中频声波入射,采用主动吸声方法可以获得较好的吸收性能,而对于高频声波入射则不能达到很好的吸收性能,为此,又提出了通过调节吸声材料后扬声器的表面阻抗来改变吸声系数的半主动吸声方法。将可控扬声器置于吸声材料后面,调节其表面阻抗,使其与空气的声阻抗达到最佳匹配,从而实现对吸声性能的有效调控。实验结果表明:半主动吸声方法可以在不断改变入射声波频率情况下对吸声系数进行有效调整,使吸声系数始终处于最大值。

基于声学参数的OGFC沥青混合料吸声性能优化

多孔材料吸声系数的唯象模型考虑了声波在空隙结构中传播产生的能量耗散,构建基于声学参数的模型,可对吸声系数进行较好的预测。为了准确获取OGFC沥青混合料的5个声学参数(孔隙率、流阻率、曲折因子、黏性/热效特征长度)以构建声学模型,首先,通过实测与反演结合的方法制备了不同孔隙率、不同级配类型的OGFC沥青混合料,使用驻波管测试了吸声系数;其次,开发了适用于混合料的流阻率测量设备,利用实测的空隙率、吸声系数和流阻率,基于遗传算法编写反演程序对OGFC的曲折因子、黏性/热效特征长度进行反演;再次,建立驻波管的有限元模型验证了声学参数的正确性,分析了声学参数单因素对吸声性能的影响;最后,基于声学参数对吸声性能进行了优化。结果表明:OGFC的空隙率越高和公称最大粒径越大,平均吸声系数和峰值吸声系数均越大;所构建的模型能够较好体现混合料的吸声特性,峰值吸声系数及出现的频率与实测值吻合;空隙率、黏性特征长度和热效特征长度增大,以及曲折因子减小,均有利于提高吸声性能,根据声学参数对混合料吸声性能的优化结果,最佳的吸声性能应将空隙率控制在22%左右。

轻质隔声夹层板结构声振耦合拓扑优化

为了满足夹层板结构轻质及隔声性能优化需求,提出了一种基于线性材料插值模型的三场浮动投影动力学拓扑优化方法,进行夹层板结构声振耦合拓扑优化设计。首先,结合混合位移/声压(u/p)有限元格式和线性材料插值模型,解决多场耦合界面依赖性问题和低密度区域局部模态问题;其次,面向三维轻质夹层板结构声振耦合特性,建立以隔声性能最大化为目标,轻量化体积分数为约束的优化范式;第三,依托阻抗管隔声性能试验场景,对三维夹层板结构有限元数值模型进行拓扑优化设计,并结合阻抗管试验验证方法的准确性和有效性;最后,将所得优化构型与常见夹层板构型的隔声性能进行对比。研究结果表明:采用所提方法可获得性能优越的新颖拓扑构型,1100~1300 Hz优化目标频段对应的优化目标隔声性能即传声损失总值从197.62 dB提升到205.09 dB,且数值仿真结果与试验结果吻合良好。在结构同等质量下,优化目标频段拓扑构型的隔声量性能优于常见开孔/闭孔矩形蜂窝状、蜘蛛网状夹层板结构的隔声量性能。

基于声阻抗匹配理论的弹性吸收体研究

基于时域耦合模型理论的吸收体研究,不适用于所有模型,且基于此理论的设计过程复杂,难以在工业工程得到广泛应用。因此提出一种基于声阻抗匹配理论的弹性吸收体的研究方法,并通过理论计算、数值仿真以及实验对吸收体的吸收曲线进行验证。结果表明:本文提出的方法能够快速、简便地实现弹性吸收体的结构设计,无需额外附加阻尼材料,更有利于满足航空工程中对于结构轻量化的要求,为振动波吸收领域,尤其是弯曲波的高效吸收和减振设计研究带来了新的可能性。

切向流作用下含机械阻抗的声衬建模及分析

为提高声衬低频吸声能力,在声衬中引入机械阻抗结构,建立系统声阻抗模型并开展分析。首先,基于声传播方程,结合传递矩阵法建立均匀管道声传播模型。通过引入穿孔板及机械阻抗声学协调条件,进一步得到切向流作用下含机械阻抗的声衬阻抗模型。通过与现有文献及有限元法进行对比来验证给出方法的可靠性。对含机械阻抗的双自由度声衬开展数值分析,其结果表明,引入机械阻抗能显著提升声衬的低频吸声性能,声衬整体吸声量随流动马赫数的增大而先增大后减小,且较小的机械阻抗质量能够获取更好的低频吸声效果,低频吸声峰值频率随机械阻抗固有频率的增大而增大,峰值高度随机械阻抗阻尼的增大而减小。

基于阻抗模型的玻璃棉声学参数反演方法研究

为了能准确获取玻璃棉材料的声学参数,文章对玻璃棉声学参数在不同阻抗模型下的声学参数进行了反演。采用了厚度分别为22 mm和44 mm的玻璃棉样本实测吸声曲线及各声学参数,选取四种常用阻抗模型,通过遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)对玻璃棉材料进行声学参数的反演,并选择反演效果最优的模型进行敏感性分析。比较各参数反演结果的误差比,并对比不同模型描述的吸声曲线与测试曲线的一致性,最后量化并比较Johnson-Champoux-Allard(JCA)模型中各参数对吸声系数的影响程度。研究表明,使用GA结合JCA模型或Johnson-Champoux-Allard-Lafarge(JCAL)模型反演的参数值与测试值误差较小;JCA模型适用于玻璃棉材料的声学参数反演,模型中流阻率和曲折度的敏感性较高,反演过程需保证其精确度。

高声压级时多孔金属板的吸声特性研究

针对高声压级下有限厚度多孔金属板在线性阻抗背衬条件下(背衬表面声压与声质点速度为线性关系)的吸声问题,提出了一个描述不同声压级下材料层法向吸声性能的一维模型,并给出求解材料层内部声质点速度的线化与差分方法,以预测多孔金属板在高声压级下的非线性吸声特性。在阻抗管中对两块多孔金属板进行了声学测试,得到了材料层法向表面阻抗和吸声系数随入射声压级变化的实验结果。研究表明:实验与理论预测符合良好,验证了模型与数值方法的正确性。本文所提原理和方法,可用于一般硬质多孔材料。

水溶性高分子梯度溶液吸声机理的研究

研究了水溶性高分子涂料在其溶解过程中的吸声机理。合成了水溶性高分子涂料,并在声管中测试其溶解过程中声衰减性能。实验结果表明水溶性高分子涂料溶解过程中形成的高分子梯度溶液的声衰减效果明显优于(即大于)相应的均匀溶液。根据连续分层介质中声波传播理论建立了计算水溶性高分子溶解过程中声衰减的数学模型。计算结果与实验结果一致。由实验和理论分析结果得出了水溶性高分子涂料在其溶解过程中的梯度吸声机理,即多次反射、多次吸收,最终将声能转化为热能。

充水阻抗管中测量材料声学性能的校准方法研究

提出了一种在充水阻抗管中,应用传递函数测量材料声学性能的三参数校准方法。在双传感器传递函数法的基础上,考虑充水阻抗管中水听器间不一致性和管内结构对声场局部扰动等因素的校准,导出了三个综合的无量纲校准参数。通过改变充水阻抗管中测量面的三个已知反射系数,测量出对应的三个传递函数,可以求出这三个校准参数。在充水阻抗管中分别对水/空气界面和一种水声材料进行了测量试验,应用该方法对测量结果的进行了校准,并对校准前后的结果进行了分析比较。

阻抗管中吸声系数的传递函数测量法

介绍了在阻抗管中采用传递函数法测量材料吸声系数的原理,详细介绍了使用双传声器进行测量的方法,指出了测试的频率范围取决于阻抗管的管径大小和传声器布置的位置。

微穿孔平板式空间吸声体的理论分析

对微穿孔平板式空间吸声体的吸声特性进行了理论预计,其中运用了半厚度模型分析和四端网络计算方法。计算结果与混响室实测数据符合较好。文中根据预测结果,分析了影响微穿孔平板式空间吸声体吸声性能的诸项主要因素,可为设计应用提供指南。

自动咽鼓管吹张器治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎

分泌性中耳炎（secretory otitis media,SOM）是以中耳负压或积液及听力下降为主要特征的中耳非化脓性炎性疾病,特别是儿童SOM对儿童的语言和智力发育造成严重影响。对于早期儿童SOM治疗临床上多采用药物治疗同时配合咽鼓管吹张法,但该方法患儿难以配合常导致治疗效果欠佳。

不锈钢纤维多孔材料吸声性能的研究

采用直径为6μm、12μm和22μm的不锈钢纤维制备不同孔隙率,不同厚度的多孔材料。研究孔隙率、厚度、丝径,后空腔深度对吸声性能的影响。研究结果表明:孔隙率增大,厚度增大,丝径增大,平均吸声系数也随之提高,吸声性能提高。增加后空腔深度有利于提高低频吸声性能,但会出现吸收谷。并与人造毛毡的吸声性能对比,不锈钢纤维的吸声性能优于人造毛毡。