New triterpenoid sapoin from Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf.

One new triterpenoid sapoin with two known triterpenoid sapoins:3β-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-xylopyranose-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-3β-hydroxy-13β,28-epoxy-oleanan-16-oxo-30-al(1),3β-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[(β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-α-L-ara-binopyranoside}-16α-hydroxy-13,28-epoxy-oleanane(2) and cyclamiretin A 3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l→3)-[P-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(...

Screening of Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Parts of Ardisia gigantifolia stapf.and Its Toxicological Safety Study

[Objectives] To screen out the anti-inflammatory and analgesic parts of Ardisia gigantifolia stapf.and to explore the toxicological safety of each part.[Methods]The carrageenan-induced toe swelling experiment of mice,acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary permeability experiment,pain writhing test,and mouse maximum tolerated dose experiment were carried out.Taking mouse toe swelling,capillary permeability,pain writhing reaction times,and animal death number as indicators,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were screened and toxicological safety was evaluated for petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water parts of A.gigantifolia.[Results] The petroleum ether part of A.gigantifolia can significantly reduce the degree of carrageenan-induced toe swelling of(P < 0.05),significantly inhibit the glacial acetic acid induced capillary permeability of mice(P < 0.05) and the times of pain writhing of mice(P < 0.01),no death was observed in each group after 150-fold of clinical equivalent dose administration,and no abnormality was observed in body weight and tissues of mice.[Conclusions]The petroleum ether part of A.gigantifolia is active part of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect,and each part is low in toxicological safety.

Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Ability of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf Parts

[Objectives]To study the antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of different parts of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf.[Methods]The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity of ABTS of 75%ethanol extract of A.gigantifolia Stapf and the petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,chloroform and aqueous extract were measured with Vc as positive control.At the same time,acarbose was used as reference substance to determine the inhibitory effect of each polar site onα-glucosidase.[Results]All parts of A.gigantifolia Stapf had antioxidant activity,among which ethyl acetate had the strongest antioxidant activity,and the scavenging rate of hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical was higher than that of positive control.The results showed that petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and chloroform had a good inhibitory effect onα-glucosidase(better than acarbose).[Conclusions]The ethyl acetate part of A.gigantifolia Stapf had the best antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect onα-glucosidase.It provides a basis for further research and development of A.gigantifolia Stapf.

苏丹草和高丹草转录组测序及其差异基因表达分析

为了初步探明苏丹草[Sorghum sudanense(Piper) Stapf.]和高丹草[Sorghum bicolor(Linn.) Moench.×Sorghum sudanense(Piper) Stapf.]相关差异基因的表达,本研究对两者进行转录组测序,并对分蘖调控以及粗蛋白和木质素合成关联基因的差异表达进行分析。结果表明:与苏丹草相比,高丹草的单株分蘖数显著降低,粗蛋白、木质素和独角金内酯含量以及果糖激酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶、反肉桂酸4-单加氧酶活性显著提高,己糖激酶-3(HXK3)、果糖激酶2(FRK2)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(ASPAT)、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶1(SAMS1)、多酚氧化酶II(PPOII)、双功能天冬氨酸激酶/高丝氨酸脱氢酶2(AKI/DHI2)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、反-肉桂酸4-单加氧酶(C4H)基因表达上调,独角金内酯酯酶D14(SLsE D14)基因表达下调。本研究为苏丹草和高丹草相关功能基因的克隆、分子标记开发等工作奠定了基础。

药用观赏植物岷江蓝雪花(Ceratostigma willmottianum Stapf)研究现状

岷江蓝雪花(Ceratostigma willmottianum Stapf)为少数民族用药,具有活血、止痛等功效。在系统调研国内外研究文献资料的基础上,结合我国岷江蓝雪花标本信息,对其分类学、花粉学、生态学、栽培学、化学成分及药理学、产品开发现状等方面的研究进展进行了综述。

蒙古族利用草麻黄（Ephedra sinica Stapf）资源的民族植物学研究

应用民族植物学的研究方法，记载和描述了蒙古族对草麻黄资源在经济利用、药物利用和文化利用方面的知识和经验，对民间利用的合理性和意义及草原地区草麻黄资源的开发和持续利用作了分析和探讨．

走马胎种子萌发影响因素研究

为探究药用植物走马胎种子萌发的影响因素,探讨了不同浸种时间(0、1、2、3、4、5 d)、不同土壤含水量(70%、50%、30%)、不同播种深度(0、1、3、5 cm)、不同光照条件(全黑、自然光)、不同基质(沙土、肥土、黄土、山苍子壳、黄土∶肥土=1∶1、黄土∶山苍子壳=1∶1)、不同植物生长调节剂(赤霉素、6-BA、萘乙酸)对走马胎种子发芽的影响。结果表明,走马胎种子浸泡3 d时种子发芽率最高(64%);土壤含水量为50%时种子发芽率最高,为60%;播种深度为1 cm时种子发芽率显著高于其他播种深度;全黑条件下种子发芽率(58%)显著高于自然光(54%);6种基质中发芽率最高的是肥土;3种植物生长调节剂处理中走马胎种子发芽率较高的处理方式为50 mg/L赤霉素浸泡6 h、10 mg/L和100 mg/L 6-BA溶液浸泡6 h、400 mg/L萘乙酸浸泡12 h。综合考量,将浸泡3 d或用400 mg/L萘乙酸浸泡12 h的走马胎种子播于含水量为50%的肥土基质中1 cm深,保持黑暗条件,可有效提高走马胎种子发芽率。

基于网络药理学探讨麻黄活性成分治疗血管痉挛的作用机制

【目的】运用网络药理学和体外细胞试验探究麻黄活性成分治疗血管痉挛的相关分子机制。【方法】从中药系统药理学数据库及分析平台(TCMSP)、SwissTargetPrediction和PharMapper数据库获取麻黄的主要活性成分及作用靶点,通过DrugBank、GeneCards、OMIM数据库获取疾病靶点,取交集得到药物成分-疾病交集靶点。利用STRING数据库进行蛋白-蛋白互作(PPI)分析,通过Cytoscape 3.9.1软件筛选得到核心靶点与核心成分。采用Metascape平台进行GO功能与KEGG通路富集分析,AutoDock Vina平台进行分子对接。在此基础上,通过MTT法检测麻黄活性成分对血管紧张素Ⅱ所致血管平滑肌细胞(vSMCs)增殖影响的机制。【结果】麻黄的有效活性成分主要包括木犀草素、槲皮素、β-槲皮素、圣草酚、柚皮素、豆甾醇、山柰酚等,这些药物成分主要作用靶点488个,血管痉挛的相关靶点394个。麻黄防治血管痉挛有67个预测靶点,主要包括基质金属肽酶Ⅸ(MMP9)、MMP2、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1型(AGTR1)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1(MAPK1)、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、一氧化氮合酶2(NOS2)等。对上述67个靶点进行富集分析发现,与正向调节细胞迁移、对外来刺激反应、对缺氧反应、血管生成正向调节等生物过程,等离子体膜、突触后膜、突触前膜、树突、膜筏、轴突末端等细胞组分,RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录因子活性、配体激活序列特异性DNA结合、丝氨酸型内肽酶活性、肽链内切酶活性、酶结合、锌离子结合等分子功能,以及钙信号通路、血管平滑肌收缩、松弛素信号通路、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路(PI3K-Akt)、鞘脂类信号通路等途径相关。分子对接结果表明,麻黄主要活性成分木犀草素、槲皮素与关键靶点MMP2和MMP9结合具有稳定构象。体外试验结果表明,麻黄活性成分木犀草素能抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ所致vSMCs增殖,其机制可能与其抑制MAPK1信号转导通路的活化有关。【结论】麻黄多种活性成分通过作用于MMP2、MMP9、血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶(ACE)、NOS2等靶点治疗血管痉挛,本研究结果为麻黄活性成分治疗血管痉挛的作用机制研究提供了科学参考。

两种珍稀沙生植物草麻黄和沙芦草种子催芽技术研究

草麻黄和沙芦草是我国重点保护野生植物,然而由于自身发芽率低和生境被破坏等原因,导致种群数量减少,为保护并提高两种珍稀植物的数量,本研究通过室内试验进行了两种珍稀植物的种子繁育技术研究。研究结果表明,不同生长激素对于草麻黄和沙芦草种子发芽影响不同。30mg/L的IAA处理可以明显促进草麻黄种子发芽;10mg/L浓度以上的6-BA和100mg/L的GA3均会明显抑制草麻黄种子发芽及活力。同样GA3浓度高于100mg/L均会抑制沙芦草种子发芽,20mg/L的细胞分裂素可以促进沙芦草种子发芽,40mg/L的IAA可以显著提高沙芦草发芽率。DMSO浸泡10min对种子发芽无影响;浸泡20min时,1%浓度DMSO促进效果最佳;当浸泡30min时,0.5%浓度的效果最佳。因此使用30mg/L和40mg/L的IAA分别有助于草麻黄和沙芦草种子发芽,提高种子活力,同时0.5%的DMSO浸泡30min更适合用于沙芦草种子发芽处理。

Two New Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum spicatum Stapf

Two new norditerpenoid alkaloids, spicatine A (1) and spicatine B (2) were isolated from the root of Aconitum spicatum. The new compounds were deduced on the basis of their spectral data (IR, HREIMS, EIMS, 1D, 2D-NMR). This is the first whole report on the isolation of diterpenoid alkaloids from the A.spicatum Stapf.

Identification of Two Cold Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from the Stems of Ephedra sinica Stapf

Two polysaccharides (ESP-A1 and ESP-A2) were isolated from the cold water extract of Ephedra sinica Stapf and purified through ethanol precipitation, deproteinization and by ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. Their molecular weight was determined using high performance size exclusion chromatog-raphy and evaporative light scattering detector (HPSEC-ELSD) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) based on pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). It was shown that ESP-A1 consisted of xylose, arabinose, glucose, mannose and galactose and ESP-A2 consisted of xylose, arabinose, rhamnose and galactose, in a molar ratio (%) of 3.2: 61.1: 11.1: 12.9: 11.6 and 20.6: 67.7: 5.0: 6.7, respectively. The molecular weights (Mw) of ESP-A1 and ESP-A2 were 5.83 × 104 Da and more than 200 × 104 Da, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, two neutral polysaccharides are now being reported for the first time in this study.

Research Progress on Pharmacological Effects of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf,a Traditional Chinese Medicine with Lingnan Characteristics

This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress on the pharmacological effects of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf in recent years,and finds that Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf has good pharmacological effects in many aspects,including anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,anti-thrombosis,anti-tumor and so on.In particular,more than ten saponins have been found to have good anti-tumor activity and have potential research value,which can provide reference for the full development and utilization of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf resources.

Effect of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf extract on lipid profile and antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf water extract on lipid profile and antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.METHODS Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin(STZ,50mg·kg-1)intraperitoneally.Diabetic rats were divided into 5groups,consisting of 6rats.GroupⅠ,reserved as diabetic control,was administered distilled water and groupⅡ,reserved as positive control,was administered glibenclamide(10mg·kg-1·d-1)throughout the duration of the experiment.Those in groupⅢ,ⅣandⅤ were administered 250,500 and 1000mg·kg-1·d-1 of the extract,respectively for 28 d.RESULTS Treatment with 500 and 1000mg·kg-1·d-1 of the extract resulted in reduction of serum AST,ALT,serum cholesterol,triglycerides and LDL,whereas HDL was found to be increased compared with diabetic control rats(P<0.05).Moreover,increased serum activities of superoxide dismutases and catalase were found in diabetic rats treated with the extract whereas serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substance was decreased,in comparison with diabetic control rat(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Cymbopogon citratus Stapf water extract provides a benefit effect on serum lipid and antioxidant effect in diabetic rats.Thus,the extract may lower cardiovascular disease risk and others complications related to hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in diabetic patients.

Improvement of lipid profile and atherogenic index in rat treated with Cymbopogon citratus Stapf water extract

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf water extract(CCS)on lipid profile,atherogenic index and antioxidant enzymes in Sprague-Dawley rats.METHODS Rats aged eight weeks(250±20)g were orally administered with CCS at 250 and 500mg·kg-1·d-1 for one month.RESULTS Administration of CCS extract to rats caused significant decrease of serum total cholesterol,triglycerides and LDL levels,whereas,the HDL level was increased compared with untreated rats(P<0.05).Moreover,the CCS extract showed a significant decreased atherogenic index in comparison with untreated rats(P<0.05).Furthermore,serum activities of superoxide dismutases and catalase were also improved in rats treated with CCS.This was consistent with decrease of serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substance.CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence that CCS water extract provides a benefit effect on serum lipid and atherogenic index and exhibits antioxidant effect in vivo.

Further antiplasmodial effects of the aqueous extract of cymbopogon citratus stapf (lemon grass) against plasmodium berghei in Swiss albino mice

Lemon grass(Cymbopogon citratus Stapf) is a popular alternative to western medicines for a number of conditions, including fevers,muscle soreness and superficial infections in Nigeria.In addition to its already reported suppressive effects against P.berghei infection,this study sought to determine its repository and blood schizonticidal activities in established P.berghei infection using Swiss albino mice as models.Mice weighing on average, between 15 and 25g were given 103mg/kg,155mg/kg and 310mg/kg/day of the crude aqueous extract of cymbopogon citratus stapf,in the 4-day test,24-hour Rane test and 72-hour Rane test.The effects of these doses of the extract were then compared with chloroquine(5mg/kg/day) and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (3mg/kg/day).We report an average percentage suppressive repository activity of 65.8%for the extract at a dose of 310mg/kg and a blood schizonticidal activity that increased from 68.33%in the 24-hour Rane test to 92%in the 72-hour Rane test for the same dose of extract.The crude aqueous extract of C.citratus stapf thus has significant repository and blood schizonticidal activities against established P.berghei infection in Swiss albino mice compare to that of pyrimethamine and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine respectively.

A级绿色食品茭白生产用药梳理及建议

茭白为区域特色小宗作物,目前尚未有标准化的绿色食品生产指导规程。本研究根据《绿色食品农药使用准则》(NY/T 393—2020)对A级绿色食品农药使用范围的规定,梳理出茭白已登记的绿色食品可用农药清单,包括36种农药,可直接用于实际生产。同时,本文通过查阅相关文献,梳理出田间防效好的A级绿色食品允许用药清单,包括16种农药,以期为实际生产中农药登记作物范围的拓展提供参考。

基于网络毒理学与分子对接技术初步探究准噶尔乌头炮制减毒的作用机制

目的采用网络毒理学与分子对接技术初步探究准噶尔乌头炮制减毒的作用机制。方法通过中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)、毒理学数据库(TOXNET)、反向药效团匹配数据库(Pharmmapper)和文献筛选准噶尔乌头的毒性成分和潜在靶点,乌头碱和准噶尔乌头碱为准噶尔乌头炮制前的主要成分,经炮制后乌头碱主要水解生成苯甲酰乌头原碱,准噶尔乌头碱结构稳定,未发生变化。比较毒理基因组学数据库(CTD)、疾病靶点筛选数据库(TTD)、疾病基因数据库(DisGeNET)、基因名片数据库(GeneCards)挖掘心脏毒性靶点。通过韦恩平台(Venny)获取准噶尔乌头心脏毒性的关键靶点,再从关键靶点中获取乌头碱、准噶尔乌头碱和苯甲酰乌头原碱的交集靶点。采用R软件对关键基因功能注释分析,运用Cytocape 3.7.2绘制准噶尔乌头-作用靶点关系网络图。辅以分子对接技术和心肌细胞H9c2对炮制前后主成分-准噶尔乌头碱、乌头碱和苯甲酰乌头原碱的心脏毒性进行验证。结果共得到准噶尔乌头毒性成分18个,关键靶点22个。草乌甲素、3-脱氧乌头碱、准噶尔乌头碱、乌头碱为准噶尔乌头的主要毒性成分,通过作用于丝裂原激活蛋白激酶1(MAPK1)、丝裂原激活蛋白激酶14(MAPK14)、血清白蛋白(ALB)等靶点,介导有丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路、白细胞介素17(IL-17)信号通路、叉头框蛋白O(FoxO)信号通路等途径,诱发心脏毒性作用。分子对接验证了准噶尔乌头的主要毒性成分草乌甲素、乌拉尔宁、准噶尔乌头碱等,与ALB、MAPK1、胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF1R)等靶点的结合潜能较好。心肌细胞实验结果显示乌头碱、准噶尔乌头碱和苯甲酰乌头原碱的IC_(50)分别为0.357、0.617、1.070 mg/mL,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量和细胞凋亡率均随药物浓度增加而升高(乌头碱>准噶尔乌头碱>苯甲酰乌头原碱),乌头碱的心脏毒性最大,大约是其水解产物苯甲酰乌头原碱的3倍。结论准噶尔乌头炮制品通过多成分多靶点多通路介导心脏毒性发生。准噶尔乌头经炮制后心脏毒性降低,减毒机制可能与调控纤溶酶原(PLG)靶点有关。

^(1)H NMR ERETIC2结合多变量分析法定量分析生麻黄与蜜炙麻黄差异

目的利用^(1)H NMR ERETIC2定量方法对14个批次的生麻黄和6个批次的蜜炙麻黄进行定性和定量分析,并筛选出差异成分,为麻黄质量标准的提升提供科学依据。方法以特征性成分麻黄碱信号强度为优选指标,对提取方法和复溶溶剂进行优化;建立基于^(1)H NMR ERETIC2方法的生麻黄和蜜炙麻黄特征成分绝对定量方法;采用^(1)H NMR谱图结合多变量分析法寻找不同批次生麻黄和蜜炙麻黄潜在的差异成分。结果最佳样品前处理方法为以甲醇为溶剂,物料比为1∶5(g/mL),超声提取5 min,氘代甲醇作为复溶溶剂。^(1)H NMR图谱共鉴定了11个化学成分,其中8个共有成分被选作定量指标。定量结果显示,生麻黄和蜜炙麻黄中异亮氨酸、蔗糖、葡萄糖和丙氨酸的含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多元统计分析结果也表明,生麻黄和蜜炙麻黄之间存在明显差异,葡萄糖和蔗糖是主要的差异贡献成分,且在蜜炙麻黄中含量较高,而蜜炙麻黄中丙氨酸和异亮氨酸的含量则明显下降(P<0.05)。结论本研究建立的^(1)H NMR ERETIC2定量方法结合多元统计分析,可筛选出生麻黄和蜜炙麻黄的差异成分,能够有效区分生麻黄和蜜炙麻黄,为后续麻黄质量标准的完善提供了科学依据。

瑶药血风黄酮超声辅助提取工艺优化及其抗氧化、抑菌活性的初步研究

试验旨在探究超声辅助提取瑶药血风黄酮的工艺条件及其抗氧化、抑菌活性。利用Box-Behnken响应面法设计四因素三水平的响应面试验。在单因素试验的基础上,以黄酮含量为响应值,并以乙醇体积分数、提取时间、液料比和超声功率作为影响因素,进行29组试验并进行验证性试验,初步分析血风黄酮的体外抗氧化、抑菌活性。结果表明,血风黄酮处理温度60℃的超声辅助提取优化工艺条件为乙醇体积分数56%、提取时间15min、液料比64 mL/g、超声功率200 W,在此工艺条件下,提取得到血风黄酮含量为(52.52±0.25)mg/g。血风黄酮具有一定的抗氧化能力,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为1.25、2.50 g/L。研究表明,瑶药血风黄酮具有抗氧化和抗菌双重活性,具有成为饲料添加剂的开发潜力。

Anti-tumor effect of coix seed based on the theory of medicinal and food homology

Coix seed is a dry and mature seed of Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen(Roman.)Stapf in the Gramineae family.Coix seed has a sweet,light taste,and a cool nature.Coix seed enters the spleen,stomach,and lung meridians.It has the effects of promoting diuresis and dampness,strengthening the spleen to prevent diarrhea,removing arthralgia,expelling pus,and detoxifying and dispersing nodules.It is used for the treatment of edema,athlete's foot,poor urination,spleen deficiency and diarrhea,dampness and obstruction,lung carbuncle,intestinal carbuncle,verruca,and cancer.The medicinal and health value is high,and it has been included in the list of medicinal and food sources in China,which has a large development and application space.This article reviews the current research achievements in the processing methods and anti-tumor activities of Coix seed and provides examples of its clinical application in ancient and modern times,aiming to provide reference for further research on Coix seed and contribute to its clinical application and development.Through the analysis of the traditional Chinese patent medicines,and simple preparations and related health food of Coix seed queried by Yaozhi.com,the source,function,and dosage form of Coix seed were comprehensively analyzed,with a view of providing a reference for the development of Coix seed medicine and food.