Free Energy of Anisotropic Strangeon Stars

Can pulsar-like compact objects release further huge free energy besides the kinematic energy of rotation?This is actually relevant to the equation of state of cold supra-nuclear matter,which is still under hot debate.Enormous energy is surely needed to understand various observations,such asγ-ray bursts,fast radio bursts and softγ-ray repeaters.In this paper,the elastic/gravitational free energy of solid strangeon stars is revisited for strangeon stars,with two anisotropic models to calculate in general relativity.It is found that huge free energy(>10^(46)erg)could be released via starquakes,given an extremely small anisotropy((p_(t)-p_(r))/p_(r)~10^(-4),with pt/pr the tangential/radial pressure),implying that pulsar-like stars could have great potential of free energy release without extremely strong magnetic fields in the solid strangeon star model.

Spectroscopic Observations of Ten Galactic Wolf-Rayet Stars at Bosscha Observatory:Determination of Stellar Parameters and Mass-loss Rates

We present optical spectra of 10 Galactic Wolf-Rayet(WR)stars that consist of five WN and five WC stars.The optical observation was conducted using a low-resolution spectrograph NEO-R1000(λ/Δλ~1000)at GAO-ITB RTS(27.94 cm,F/10.0),Bosscha Observatory,Lembang.We implemented stellar atmosphere Postdam Wolf-Rayet(PoWR)grid modeling to derive stellar parameters.The normalized optical spectrum can be used to find the best model from the available PoWR grid,then we could derive stellar temperature and transformation radius.To derive luminosity,stellar radius and color excess,we conducted a Spectral Energy Distribution(SED)analysis with additional data on the near-ultraviolet spectrum from the International Ultraviolet Explorer(IUE)database,and UBV and 2MASS JHK broadband filter data.Additional analysis to derive asymptotic terminal wind velocity was conducted from the P-Cygni profile analysis of the high-resolution IUE ultraviolet spectrum.With previously derived parameters,we could determine the mass loss rate of the WR stars.Furthermore,we compared our results with previous work that used PoWR code and the differences are not more than 20%.We conclude that the PoWR spectral grid is sufficient to derive WR stellar parameters quickly and could provide more accurate initial parameter input to the PoWR program code.

Rotating Massive Strangeon Stars and X-Ray Plateau of Short GRBs

Strangeon stars,which are proposed to describe the nature of pulsar-like compact stars,have passed various observational tests.The maximum mass of a non-rotating strangeon star could be high,which implies that the remnants of binary strangeon star mergers could even be long-lived massive strangeon stars.We study rigidly rotating strangeon stars in the slowly rotating approximation,using the Lennard-Jones model for the equation of state.Rotation can significantly increase the maximum mass of strangeon stars with unchanged baryon numbers,enlarging the mass-range of long-lived strangeon stars.During spin-down after merger,the decrease of radius of the remnant will lead to the release of gravitational energy.Taking into account the efficiency of converting the gravitational energy luminosity to the observed X-ray luminosity,we find that the gravitational energy could provide an alternative energy source for the plateau emission of X-ray afterglow.The fitting results of X-ray plateau emission of some short gamma-ray bursts suggest that the magnetic dipole field strength of the remnants can be much smaller than that of expected when the plateau emission is powered only by spin-down luminosity of magnetars.

An Asymmetric Galactic Stellar Disk Traced by OB-type Stars from LAMOST DR7

Using 9943 OB-type stars from LAMOST DR7 in the solar neighborhood,we fit the vertical stellar density profile with the model including a single exponential distribution at different positions(R,Φ).The distributions of the scale heights and scale length show that the young disk traced by the OB-type stars is not axisymmetric.The scale length decreases versus the azimuthal angleΦ,i.e.,from.■kpc withΦ=-3°to■kpc withΦ=9°.Meanwhile we find signal of non-symmetry in the distribution of the scale height of the north and south of the disk plane.The scale height in the north side shows signal of flaring of the disk,while that of the south disk stays almost constant around h_(s)=130 pc.The distribution of the displaceeent of the disk plane Z_(0)also shows variance versus the azimuthal angleΦ,which displays significant differences with the warp model constrained by the Cepheid stars.We also test different values for the position of the Sun,and the distance between the Sun and the Galactic center affects the scale heights and the displacement of the disk significantly,but that does not change our conclusion that the disk is not axisymmetric.

On the Identification of N-rich Metal-poor Field Stars with Future Chinese Space Station Telescope

During the long term evolution of globular clusters(GCs), some member stars are lost to the field. The recently found nitrogen-rich(N-rich) metal-poor field stars are promising candidates of these GC escapees, since N enhancement is the fingerprint of chemically enhanced populations in GCs. In this work, we discuss the possibility of identifying N-rich metal-poor field stars with the upcoming Chinese Space Station Telescope(CSST). We focus on the main survey camera with NUV, u, g, r, i, z, y filters and slitless spectrograph with a resolution about 200.The combination of UV sensitive equipment and prominent N-related molecular lines in the UV band bodes well for the identification: the color–color diagram of(u-g) versus(g-r) is capable of separating N-rich field stars from normal halo stars, if metallicity can be estimated without using the information on u-band photometry.Besides, the synthetic spectra show that a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 is sufficient to identify N-rich field stars. In the near future, a large sample of N-rich field stars found by CSST, combined with state-of-the-art N-body simulations will be crucial to deciphering GC-Galaxy co-evolution.

Probing the Galactic Halo with RR Lyrae Stars.VI.The Radial Velocity Curve Templates of RRc Stars

We present radial velocity(RV)curve templates of RR Lyrae first-overtone(RRc)stars constructed with the Mg I b triplet and Hαlines using time-domain Medium-Resolution Survey spectra of seven RRc stars from Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST)Data Release 9.Additionally,we derive the relation between the stellar RV curve amplitudes and g-band light curve amplitudes from Zwicky Transient Facility(ZTF)public survey.For those RRc stars without ZTF g-band light curves,we provide the conversions from the light curve amplitudes in ZTF r-and i-bands,Gaia G-band,and V-band from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae to those in ZTF g-band.We validate our RV curve templates using the RRc star SV Scl and find the uncertainties of systemic RV are less than 2.11 km s~(-1)and 6.08 km s~(-1)based on the Mg I b triplet and Hαlines,respectively.We calculate the systemic RVs of 30 RRc stars using the RV curve templates constructed with the Mg I b triplet and Hαlines and find the systemic RVs are comparable with each other.This RV curve template will be particularly useful for obtaining the systemic RV of RRc using the LAMOST spectroscopy.

Period–Luminosity Relationship forδScuti Stars Revisited

The Gaia DR3 parallax approach was used to estimate the absolute parameters of 2375δScuti stars from the ASAS catalog.The selected stars have a variety of observational characteristics,with a higher than 80%probability of beingδScuti stars.We have displayed all the stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram along with theδScuti instability strip,the Zero Age Main Sequence and the Terminal Age Main Sequence.Then,we determined which fundamental and overtone modes each star belongs to using pulsation constant(Q)calculations.In addition,we evaluated the parameters in the Q calculation equation using three machine learning methods,which showed that surface gravity and temperature have the greatest effect on its calculation.The Period-Luminosity(P-L)relationship of theδScuti stars was also revisited.Eventually,using least squares linear regression,we made four linear fits for fundamental and overtone modes and updated their relationships.

Detecting short-term gravitational waves from post-merger hyper-massive neutron stars with a kilohertz detector

Gravitational waves emanating from binary neutron star inspirals,alongside electromagnetic transients resulting from the aftermath of the GW170817 merger,have been successfully detected.However,the intricate post-merger dynamics that bridge these two sets of observables remain enigmatic.This includes if,and when,the post-merger remnant star collapses to a black hole,and what are the necessary conditions to power a short gamma-ray burst,and other observed electromagnetic counterparts.Our focus is on the detection of gravitational wave(GW)emissions from hyper-massive neutron stars(NSs)formed through binary neutron star(BNS)mergers.Utilizing several kilohertz GW detectors,we simulate BNS mergers within the detection limits of LIGO-Virgo-KARGA O4.Our objective is to ascertain the fraction of simulated sources that may emit detectable post-merger GW signals.For kilohertz detectors equipped with a new cavity design,we estimate that approximately 1.1%-32%of sources would emit a detectable post-merger GW signal.This fraction is contingent on the mass converted into gravitational wave energy,ranging from 0.01M_(sun)to 0.1M_(sun).Furthermore,by evaluating other well-regarded proposed kilohertz GW detectors,we anticipate that the fraction can increase to as much as 2.1%-61%under optimal performance conditions.

Variable Stars in the 50BiN Open Cluster Survey.Ⅲ.NGC 884

Open clusters are the basic building blocks that serve as a laboratory for the study of young stellar populations in the Milky Way.Variable stars in open clusters provide a unique way to accurately probe the internal structure,temporal and dynamical evolutionary stages of individual stars and the host cluster.The most powerful tool for such studies is time-domain photometric observations.This paper follows the route of our previous work,concentrating on a photometric search for variable stars in NGC 884.The target cluster is the companion of NGC869,forming the well-known double cluster system that is gravitationally bound.From the observation run in 2016 November,a total of 9247 B-band CCD images and 8218Ⅴ-band CCD images were obtained.We detected a total of 15 stars with variability in visual brightness,including five Be stars,three eclipsing binaries,and seven of unknown types.Two new variable stars were discovered in this work.We also compared the variable star content of NGC 884 with its companion NGC 869.

Life Origin in the Milky Way Galaxy: III. Spatial Distribution of Overheated Stars in the Solar Neighborhood

A concept of ensemble averaged stellar reactors is developed to study the dynamics of processes occurring in stars, allocated in the ~200 pc solar neighborhood. According to the effective temperature value, four stellar classes are identified, for which the correlation coefficients and standard deviation are counted. The theory of the buoyancy terrestial elements is generalized to stellar systems. It was suggested that stars are over-heated due to the shift parameters of the nuclear processes occurring inside the stars, which leads to the synthesis of transuranium elements until the achievement of a critical nuclear mass and star explosion. The heavy transuranium elements sink downward and are concentrated in the stellar depth layers. The physical explanation of the existence of the critical Chandrasekhar star limit has been offered. Based on the spatial analysis of overheated stars, it was suggested that the withdrawal of the stellar reactor from the equilibrium state is a consequence of extragalactic compression inside the galaxy arm due to the arm spirality (not to be confused with the spirality of the galaxy itself).

On the Surface Helium Abundance of B-type Hot Subdwarf Stars from the WD+MS Channel of Type Ia Supernovae

The origin of intermediate helium (He)-rich hot subdwarfs is still unclear.Previous studies have suggested that some surviving Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) companions from the white dwarf+main-sequence (WD+MS)channel may contribute to the intermediate He-rich hot subdwarfs.However,previous studies ignored the impact of atomic diffusion on the post-explosion evolution of surviving companion stars of SNe Ia,leading to the aspect that they could not explain the observed surface He abundance of intermediate He-rich hot subdwarfs.In this work,by taking the atomic diffusion and stellar wind into account,we trace the surviving companions of SNe Ia from the WD+MS channel using the one-dimensional stellar evolution code MESA until they evolve into hot subdwarfs.We find that the surface He-abundances of our surviving companion models during their core He-burning phases are in a range of-1■log(N_(He) N_(H))■0,which are consistent with those observed in intermediate He-rich hot subdwarfs.This seems to further support the notion that it is possible for surviving companions of SNe Ia in the WD+MS channel to form some intermediate He-rich hot subdwarfs.

骨科机器人联合Starr骨盆复位架治疗Tile C型骨盆环骨折

目的:探讨骨科机器人联合Starr骨盆复位架治疗Tile C型骨盆环骨折的临床疗效。方法:2019年10月至2021年5月采用机器人联合Starr骨盆复位架治疗14例Tile C型骨盆环骨折患者,男9例,女5例;年龄33~69岁。14例患者均为新鲜闭合骨折且不合并股骨、胫腓骨骨折等损伤。入院后4~7 d完成手术,术中在可透视碳素床,通过Starr骨盆复位架牵引复位骨盆环,联合骨科机器人治疗C型骨盆环骨折。观察手术时间、出血量、单枚螺钉置入透视次数、骨折复位质量、患肢功能及并发症等。采用Matta评分标准进行放射学复位评价,末次随访采用Majeed骨盆功能评分系统进行临床疗效评价。结果:14例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间84~141 min,手术出血量20~50 ml,单枚螺钉置入透视次数4~9次。14例患者均获得随访,随访时间12~24个月。术后所有骨折获得骨性愈合,愈合时间3~7个月,未发现内固定断裂、螺钉松动、感染、神经损伤等并发症。依据Matta影像学复位评估标准:优9例,良4例,可1例。末次随访采用Majeed骨盆功能评分系统:优10例,良4例。结论:机器人联合Starr骨盆复位架治疗C型骨盆环新鲜骨折操作简单、缩短了手术和麻醉时间、并发症少,降低了手术风险,实现了骨盆骨折的微创治疗。但对于陈旧性骨折,因骨折复位困难,该技术并不适用。对于螺钉进钉点区域粉碎的骨折,通道螺钉置入困难,建议采用其他方式固定。对于伴有骨盆外伤史或骨盆发育异常者,术前需仔细评估有无经皮螺钉通道,避免损伤神经、血管。

日本沼虾StAR基因克隆及其低氧胁迫下表达分析

为了研究类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白(steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR)在日本沼虾应答低氧胁迫过程中所发挥的作用,实验应用c DNA末端快速扩增(RACE)PCR技术克隆了日本沼虾StAR全长cDNA序列,并利用在线软件对其序列特征进行生物信息学分析,采用半定量RT-PCR方法分析StAR在日本沼虾不同组织的分布情况,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)与免疫印迹(Western blot)技术对其在不同低氧胁迫阶段中的表达规律进行检测,观察低氧胁迫下精巢组织中StAR蛋白免疫组化定位。结果显示,日本沼虾StAR其cDNA全长3 361 bp (NCBI登录号:MW263908),包括5′-UTR 323 bp,3′-UTR 2 129 bp,开放阅读框909 bp,编码302个氨基酸。氨基酸序列比对及系统进化分析结果显示,日本沼虾StAR基因与三疣梭子蟹等甲壳动物StAR聚类一支,具有最近的亲缘关系。半定量RT-PCR检测结果显示,StAR在日本沼虾不同组织中均有表达,其表达量在肝胰腺和心脏组织中最低,在精巢组织中表达处于较高水平。使用qRT-PCR技术检测日本沼虾精巢中StAR在低氧胁迫下时空表达情况,结果表明,与对照组相比,低氧处理组精巢中StAR基因表达量在1~48 h均显著上调,而在低氧处理组96 h显著降低。此外,本实验对StAR进行了原核表达及抗血清制备,采用Western blot检测StAR蛋白表达丰度基本与基因表达模式相似,免疫组化结果显示,StAR蛋白在精细胞与间质细胞中均有表达。综上所述,长期低氧胁迫显著降低了StAR基因的转录表达水平,并且该基因可能在类固醇合成路径及精子发生过程中均发挥重要作用。本研究结果为进一步解析日本沼虾类固醇激素合成分子机制奠定基础。

STAR基因与东湖杂交奶绵羊繁殖性状的关联分析

本实验旨在探究类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白(Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein,STAR)基因多态性与东湖杂一代奶绵羊发情鉴定评分、产羔数的相关性,鉴定出影响绵羊繁殖性能的关键性位点。本研究以339只东湖杂一代奶绵羊为研究对象,采用竞争性等位基因特异性PCR(KASP)技术对STAR基因的g.31959747T>C、g.31959875A>C2个位点进行基因分型,并利用GLM模型对SNP位点与发情鉴定评分和产羔数进行关联分析。结果表明,g.31959747T>C与奶绵羊发情鉴定评分呈极显著相关,TT型的发情表现更优,但与产羔数差异不显著;g.31959875A>C与发情评分和产羔数均无显著关系;聚合基因型与繁殖性状的关联分析结果表明,TCAC型个体在发情评分、平均产羔数方面均较低。综上,STAR基因g.31959747T>C位点是影响奶绵羊发情评分的关键性位点,可根据育种目标将g.31959747T>C位点作为提高奶绵羊同期发情效果的分子标记,同时将TCAC聚合基因型及时淘汰。本研究结果可为奶绵羊繁殖性状的选育提供参考。

A Catalog of Collected Debris Disks:Properties,Classifications and Correlations between Disks and Stars/Planets

We have collected a catalog of 1095 debris disks with properties and classification(resolved,planet,gas)information.From the catalog,we defined a less biased sample with 612 objects and presented the distributions of their stellar and disk properties to search for correlations between disks and stars.We found debris disks were widely distributed from B to M-type stars while planets were mostly found around solar-type stars,gases were easier to detect around early-type stars and resolved disks were mostly distributed from A to G-type stars.The fractional luminosity dropped off with stellar age and planets were mostly found around old stars while gas-detected disks were much younger.The dust temperature of both one-belt systems and cold components in two-belt systems increased with distance while decreasing with stellar age.In addition,we defined a less biased planet sample with 211 stars with debris disks but no planets and 35 stars with debris disks and planets and found the stars with debris disks and planets had higher metallicities than stars with debris disks but no planets.Among the 35 stars with debris disks and planets,we found the stars with disks and cool Jupiters were widely distributed with age from 10 Myr to 10 Gyr and metallicity from-1.56 to 0.28 while the other three groups tended to be old(>4Gyr)and metal-rich(>-0.3).In addition,the eccentricities of cool Jupiters are distributed from 0 to 0.932,wider than the other three types of planets(<0.3).

Biodegradation Behavior of Starch in Simulated White Water System of Old Corrugated Cardboard Pulping Process

Considering the serious barriers/issues induced by the accumulated starch generated in white water system of old corrugated cardboard(OCC)pulping process,large amounts of accumulated starch in white water would be decomposed by microorganisms and could not be utilized,thereby resulting in severe resource wastage and environmental pollution.This study mainly explored the effects of biodegradation/hydrolysis conditions of the two types of starch substrates(native starch and enzymatically(α-amylase)hydrolyzed starch),which were treated via microorganism degradation within the simulated white water from OCC pulping system and their biodegradation products on the key properties were characterized via X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),and gel permeation chromatography(GPC)technologies.The effects of system temperature,pH value,starch concentration,and biodegradation time on starch biodegradation ratio and the characteristics of obtained biodegradated products from the two types of starches were studied.In addition,the effect ofα-amylase dosage on the biodegradation ratio of enzymatically hydrolyzed starch and its properties was investigated.It was found that the native starch presented a maximal degradation ratio at a system temperature of 55℃and pH value range of 5-7,respectively,the corresponding starch concentration within simulated white water system was 200 mg/L.Whereas the enzymatically hydrolyzed starch exhibited a highest degradation ratio at a system temperature of 50℃and pH value of 5.5,respectively,and the corresponding starch concentration within simulated white water system was 100 mg/L.It was verified that native starch is more readily bio-hydrolyzed and biodegradation-susceptive by microorganisms in simulated white water system of OCC pulping process,while the enzymatically hydrolyzed starch exhibits better biodegradation/hydrolysis resistance to the microbial degradation than that of native starch.This study provides a practical and interesting approach to investigate the starch hydrolysis or biodegradation behaviors in white water system of OCC pulping process,which would greatly contribute to the full recycling and valorized application of starch as a versatile additive during paperboard production.

STAR基因在不同发育期绵羊睾丸和附睾中的表达与组织分布

为探讨STAR基因在发育的绵羊睾丸和附睾中的表达模式及潜在功能,该研究采集3月龄、 1周岁和3周岁藏绵羊睾丸和附睾(头、体和尾)组织样本,利用实时荧光定量PCR、蛋白免疫印迹和免疫组织荧光染色法检测STAR基因的表达及其编码蛋白的细胞定位。结果发现,随着年龄的增加,在藏绵羊睾丸和附睾(附睾头除外)中STAR基因在转录水平的表达总体呈下降趋势,而在蛋白质水平的表达呈上调趋势。STAR蛋白主要存在于藏绵羊睾丸间质细胞和附睾假复层纤毛上皮主细胞。鉴于间质细胞和主细胞的主要生物学功能是分泌睾酮和分泌促进精子成熟所需的蛋白质,由此推测,STAR基因可能主要在睾丸间质细胞和附睾主细胞的发育和功能维持中发挥作用,进而促进雄激素的合成和精子的成熟。

Formation and Destiny of White Dwarf and Be Star Binaries

The binary systems consisting of a Be star and a white dwarf(Be WDs) are very interesting.They can originate from the binaries composed of a Be star and a subdwarf O or B star(Besd OBs),and they can merge into red giants via luminous red nova or can evolve into double WD potentially detected by the LISA mission.Using the method of population synthesis,we investigate the formation and the destiny of Be WDs,and discuss the effects of the metallicity(Z) and the common envelope evolution parameters.We find that Besd OBs are significant progenitors of Be WDs.About 30%(Z = 0.0001)-50%(Z = 0.02) of Be WDs come from Besd OBs.About 60%(Z = 0.0001)-70%(Z = 0.02) of Be WDs turn into red giants via a merger between a WD and a non-degenerated star.About 30%(Z = 0.0001)-40%(Z = 0.02) of Be WDs evolve into double WDs which are potential gravitational waves of the LISA mission at a frequency band between about 3 × 10^(-3)and 3 × 10^(-2)Hz.The common envelope evolution parameter introduces an uncertainty with a factor of about 1.3 on Be WD populations in our simulations.

New Cases of Superflares on Slowly Rotating Solar-type Stars and Large Amplitude Superflares in G-and M-type Main Sequence Stars

In our previous work,we searched for superflares on different types of stars while focusing on G-type dwarfs using entire Kepler data to study statistical properties of the occurrence rate of superflares.Using these new data,as a byproduct,we found 14 cases of superflare detection on 13 slowly rotating Sun-like stars with rotation periods of24.5–44 days.This result supports the earlier conclusion by others that the Sun may possibly undergo a surprise superflare.Moreover,we found 12 and seven new cases of detection of exceptionally large amplitude superflares on six and four main sequence stars of G-and M-type,respectively.No large-amplitude flares were detected in A,F or K main sequence stars.Here we present preliminary analysis of these cases.The superflare detection,i.e.,an estimation of flare energy,is based on a more accurate method compared to previous studies.We fit an exponential decay function to flare light curves and study the relation between e-folding decay time,τ,versus flare amplitude and flare energy.We find that for slowly rotating Sun-like stars,large values ofτcorrespond to small flare energies and small values ofτcorrespond to high flare energies considered.Similarly,τis large for small flare amplitudes andτis small for large amplitudes considered.However,there is no clear relation between these parameters for large amplitude superflares in the main sequence G-and M-type stars,as we could not establish clear functional dependence between the parameters via standard fitting algorithms.

Analysis of X-Ray Emission from OB Stars. IV. About X-Ray Emission from Inhomogeneous Winds of OB Stars

We study the origin of X-ray emission from OB stars due to collisions of stellar winds and/or inhomogeneities in the winds. The low-resolution X-ray spectra of a big sample of OB stars were fitted by both the stationary APEC/MEKAL models and by this model with an additional PSHOCK component describing the nonstationary X-ray emission. These spectra were also described by two-temperature PSHOCK models. More than ~50% of considered spectra can be described by the above-mentioned model combinations including the PSHOCK model and the quality of the fits appears to be better for O stars. The plasma temperature of the PSHOCK component is about 1–5 keV with the ionization timescale τ_(u)~ 10^(8)–10^(13)s cm^(-3). The temperature of the PSHOCK component increases with the momentum and kinetic energy of the stellar wind by a power law with an index ~0.12–0.14.Such dependencies were not revealed through modeling by the stationary APEC/MEKAL models only. At the same time the X-ray luminosity of OB stars depends on momentum and kinetic energy of their winds similarly either for stationary or for nonstationary models. We conclude that many O stars and some B stars can be sources of the nonstationary X-rays formed in their inhomogeneous stellar wind.