Techniques of artificially-triggered lightning have provided a significantly useful means to directly measure various physical parameters of lightning discharge and to conduct research on protection methods of lightni...Techniques of artificially-triggered lightning have provided a significantly useful means to directly measure various physical parameters of lightning discharge and to conduct research on protection methods of lightning electromagnetic pulses.In this study,using capacitive and resistive dividers,current probes and optical fiber transmission devices,we measured and analyzed the induced overvoltage on the overhead transmission line and the overcurrent through Surge Protective Devices(SPD) when a lightning discharge was artificially triggered nearby on August 12,2008 at Conghua Field Lightning Experiment Site.The triggered lightning discharge contained an initial current stage and eight return strokes whose peak currents ranged from 6.6kA to 26.4kA.We found that overcurrents through SPD were induced on the power line both during the initial continuous current stage and the return stroke processes.During the return strokes,the residual voltage and the current through the SPD lasted up to the ms(millisecond) range,and the overcurrents exhibited a mean waveform up to 22/69μs with a peak value of less than 2kA.Based on the observed data,simple calculations show that the corresponding single discharge energy was much greater than the values of the high voltage pulse generators commonly used in the experiments regulated for SPD.The SPD discharge current peak was not synchronous to that of the residual voltage with the former obviously lagging behind the latter.The SPD discharge current peak was well correlated with the triggered lightning current peak and the wave-front current gradient.The long duration of the SPD current is one of the major reasons why the SPD was damaged even with a big nominal discharge current.展开更多
The conventional time function of electromechanical relays is hard to coordinate with other relays. In order to promote the application of inverse-time overcurrent relays, a new time function for microprocessor-type r...The conventional time function of electromechanical relays is hard to coordinate with other relays. In order to promote the application of inverse-time overcurrent relays, a new time function for microprocessor-type relay is proposed. The setting of the trip time for this relay is performed by determining the shortest trip time and the longest trip time, respectively. The results of analysis show that with the new time function, the inverse-time overcurrent relay is easy to coordinate with other relays and has a comparatively shorter trip time, and that the fault happens in the protective zone.展开更多
For the development of distributed power supply active distribution network system, the instability of the power supply side causes the system frequency to be disturbed, and harmonics, voltage fluctuations, or ferroma...For the development of distributed power supply active distribution network system, the instability of the power supply side causes the system frequency to be disturbed, and harmonics, voltage fluctuations, or ferromagnetic saturation causes resonance and other series of power quality problems;what resulting in the over-voltage and over-current can easily damage components and threaten the system's safe and stable operation. In order to solve these problems, this paper compares some harmonic detection and filtering methods, devices and methods for suppressing resonance in recent years, and combines the principle of resonance to design a nonlinear inductive circuit that can suppress resonant overcurrent according to the characteristics of nonlinear inductors. Compared with the Resistance (R) series Induct Capacitance (LC) parallel circuit composed of common inductors, the circuit described in this paper is not affected by overcurrent, and the influence of overvoltage is relatively greatly reduced. The simulate-on proves that this circuit suppresses the effects of resonant overvoltage and overcurrent.展开更多
The overcurrent (OC) protection limit is set usually accorging to a OC protection setting table on digital integrated protection equipment in mine explode isolation high voltage (HV) vacuum switch. For digital integra...The overcurrent (OC) protection limit is set usually accorging to a OC protection setting table on digital integrated protection equipment in mine explode isolation high voltage (HV) vacuum switch. For digital integrated protection equipment, OC protection setting table must be converted to be a microcomputer algorithm. This paper first intro-duced a method of the fitting OC protection setting table to be OC relay inverse time characteristics equations using MATLAB least square fitting. On the basis of analyzing these fitting equations, a notion, “integral limit rate” was put forward initially and a OC in-verse time digital algorithm was developed. MATLAB simulation results and a digital signal processor (DSP) based digital integrated protection equipment running test indicate that this algorithm has less calculation amount, less taking up memory, high control accuracy, implements the no-grade setting of OC delay values, suits for all kinds of low-middle mi-crocomputer system implementation.展开更多
A new numerical model for low-permeability reservoirs is developed.The model incorporates the nonlinear characteristics of oil-water two-phase flows while taking into account the initiation pressure gradient.Related n...A new numerical model for low-permeability reservoirs is developed.The model incorporates the nonlinear characteristics of oil-water two-phase flows while taking into account the initiation pressure gradient.Related numerical solutions are obtained using a finite difference method.The correctness of the method is demonstrated using a two-dimensional inhomogeneous low permeability example.Then,the differences in the cumulative oil and water production are investigated for different starting water saturations.It is shown that when the initial water saturation grows,the water content of the block continues to rise and the cumulative oil production gradually decreases.展开更多
Micro-mobile heat pipe-cooled nuclear power plants are promising candidates for distributed energy resource power genera-tors and can be flexibly deployed in remote places to meet increasing electric power demands.How...Micro-mobile heat pipe-cooled nuclear power plants are promising candidates for distributed energy resource power genera-tors and can be flexibly deployed in remote places to meet increasing electric power demands.However,previous steady-state simulations and experiments have deviated significantly from actual micronuclear system operations.Hence,a transient analysis is required for performance optimization and safety assessment.In this study,a hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)approach was used to investigate the dynamic behavior of scaled-down heat pipe-cooled systems.The real-time features of the HIL architecture were interpreted and validated,and an optimal time step of 500 ms was selected for the thermal transient.The power transient was modeled using point kinetic equations,and a scaled-down thermal prototype was set up to avoid mod-eling unpredictable heat transfer behaviors and feeding temperature samples into the main program running on a desktop PC.A series of dynamic test results showed significant power and temperature oscillations during the transient process,owing to the inconsistency of the rapid nuclear reaction rate and large thermal inertia.The proposed HIL approach is stable and effective for further studying of the dynamic characteristics and control optimization of solid-state small nuclear-powered systems at an early prototyping stage.展开更多
基金A key project of China Meteorological Administration (CMATG2008Z07)Specialized Science Project for Public Welfare Industries (GYHY2007622)Key Science Project of the Guangzhou Regional Meteorological Center (GRMC2007B03)
文摘Techniques of artificially-triggered lightning have provided a significantly useful means to directly measure various physical parameters of lightning discharge and to conduct research on protection methods of lightning electromagnetic pulses.In this study,using capacitive and resistive dividers,current probes and optical fiber transmission devices,we measured and analyzed the induced overvoltage on the overhead transmission line and the overcurrent through Surge Protective Devices(SPD) when a lightning discharge was artificially triggered nearby on August 12,2008 at Conghua Field Lightning Experiment Site.The triggered lightning discharge contained an initial current stage and eight return strokes whose peak currents ranged from 6.6kA to 26.4kA.We found that overcurrents through SPD were induced on the power line both during the initial continuous current stage and the return stroke processes.During the return strokes,the residual voltage and the current through the SPD lasted up to the ms(millisecond) range,and the overcurrents exhibited a mean waveform up to 22/69μs with a peak value of less than 2kA.Based on the observed data,simple calculations show that the corresponding single discharge energy was much greater than the values of the high voltage pulse generators commonly used in the experiments regulated for SPD.The SPD discharge current peak was not synchronous to that of the residual voltage with the former obviously lagging behind the latter.The SPD discharge current peak was well correlated with the triggered lightning current peak and the wave-front current gradient.The long duration of the SPD current is one of the major reasons why the SPD was damaged even with a big nominal discharge current.
基金TheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .6 9774 0 2 4 )
文摘The conventional time function of electromechanical relays is hard to coordinate with other relays. In order to promote the application of inverse-time overcurrent relays, a new time function for microprocessor-type relay is proposed. The setting of the trip time for this relay is performed by determining the shortest trip time and the longest trip time, respectively. The results of analysis show that with the new time function, the inverse-time overcurrent relay is easy to coordinate with other relays and has a comparatively shorter trip time, and that the fault happens in the protective zone.
文摘For the development of distributed power supply active distribution network system, the instability of the power supply side causes the system frequency to be disturbed, and harmonics, voltage fluctuations, or ferromagnetic saturation causes resonance and other series of power quality problems;what resulting in the over-voltage and over-current can easily damage components and threaten the system's safe and stable operation. In order to solve these problems, this paper compares some harmonic detection and filtering methods, devices and methods for suppressing resonance in recent years, and combines the principle of resonance to design a nonlinear inductive circuit that can suppress resonant overcurrent according to the characteristics of nonlinear inductors. Compared with the Resistance (R) series Induct Capacitance (LC) parallel circuit composed of common inductors, the circuit described in this paper is not affected by overcurrent, and the influence of overvoltage is relatively greatly reduced. The simulate-on proves that this circuit suppresses the effects of resonant overvoltage and overcurrent.
文摘The overcurrent (OC) protection limit is set usually accorging to a OC protection setting table on digital integrated protection equipment in mine explode isolation high voltage (HV) vacuum switch. For digital integrated protection equipment, OC protection setting table must be converted to be a microcomputer algorithm. This paper first intro-duced a method of the fitting OC protection setting table to be OC relay inverse time characteristics equations using MATLAB least square fitting. On the basis of analyzing these fitting equations, a notion, “integral limit rate” was put forward initially and a OC in-verse time digital algorithm was developed. MATLAB simulation results and a digital signal processor (DSP) based digital integrated protection equipment running test indicate that this algorithm has less calculation amount, less taking up memory, high control accuracy, implements the no-grade setting of OC delay values, suits for all kinds of low-middle mi-crocomputer system implementation.
文摘A new numerical model for low-permeability reservoirs is developed.The model incorporates the nonlinear characteristics of oil-water two-phase flows while taking into account the initiation pressure gradient.Related numerical solutions are obtained using a finite difference method.The correctness of the method is demonstrated using a two-dimensional inhomogeneous low permeability example.Then,the differences in the cumulative oil and water production are investigated for different starting water saturations.It is shown that when the initial water saturation grows,the water content of the block continues to rise and the cumulative oil production gradually decreases.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFB1901900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12275175)+2 种基金Special Fund for Strengthening Industry of Shanghai(No.GYQJ-2018-2-02)Shanghai Rising Star Program(No.21QA1404200)the LingChuang Research Project of the China National Nuclear Corporation.
文摘Micro-mobile heat pipe-cooled nuclear power plants are promising candidates for distributed energy resource power genera-tors and can be flexibly deployed in remote places to meet increasing electric power demands.However,previous steady-state simulations and experiments have deviated significantly from actual micronuclear system operations.Hence,a transient analysis is required for performance optimization and safety assessment.In this study,a hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)approach was used to investigate the dynamic behavior of scaled-down heat pipe-cooled systems.The real-time features of the HIL architecture were interpreted and validated,and an optimal time step of 500 ms was selected for the thermal transient.The power transient was modeled using point kinetic equations,and a scaled-down thermal prototype was set up to avoid mod-eling unpredictable heat transfer behaviors and feeding temperature samples into the main program running on a desktop PC.A series of dynamic test results showed significant power and temperature oscillations during the transient process,owing to the inconsistency of the rapid nuclear reaction rate and large thermal inertia.The proposed HIL approach is stable and effective for further studying of the dynamic characteristics and control optimization of solid-state small nuclear-powered systems at an early prototyping stage.