[Objective] The aim was to study the bacterial carrying seeds as the primary infection sourcs of Cunularia leaf spot of maize, and to provide the theo-retical basis for the control of the disease in production. [ Meth...[Objective] The aim was to study the bacterial carrying seeds as the primary infection sourcs of Cunularia leaf spot of maize, and to provide the theo-retical basis for the control of the disease in production. [ Method] Through slide germination and seed tissue isolation method, the viabilities of seeds with internaland external bacterial carrying were detected ; the infection of bacterial carrying of seeds on the young seedling was detected indoors by sand culture method ; and the infection of bacterial carrying seeds on maize was detected using field cultivation method. [Result] The conidia of Gunularia and mycelia carried by maize seeds could survive through the winter. Intemal bacterial carrying of seed affected the germination of seeds, but external bacterial carrying did not affect the germination; internal and external bacterial carrying seeds could infect the radicle and gemmule of maize seedling. [Condusion] The conidia of Curvularia and mycelia carried by maize＇seeds could survive through the winter and infect the seedling, which would make the seedlings have weak growth.展开更多
Based on correlation between geochemical characteristics of Sinian and Cambrian source rocks and discovered gas reservoirs,paleoand the analysis on geological conditions of reservoir formation,the sources of natural g...Based on correlation between geochemical characteristics of Sinian and Cambrian source rocks and discovered gas reservoirs,paleoand the analysis on geological conditions of reservoir formation,the sources of natural gas in the Sinian of Sichuan Basin have been discussed to sort out the contribution of Sinian source rocks to the gas reservoirs and effectiveness of Sinian primary gas-bearing system.Through the analysis of natural gas composition,carbon and hydrogen isotopes and effectiveness of Sinian accumulation assemblages,it is concluded that:(1)The natural gas derived from the Sinian source rock is characterized by low ethane content,heavy ethane carbon isotope and light methane hydrogen isotope,and obviously different from the gas generated by the Cambrian source rock.(2)The gas reservoirs discovered in Sinian Dengying Formation are sourced by Sinian and Cambrian source rocks,and the Sinian source rock contributes different proportions to the gas in the 4th member and the 2nd member of the Dengying Formation,specifically,39%and 55%to the 4th member in marginal zone and intra-platform,54%and 68%to the 2th member in the marginal zone and intra-platform respectively.(3)The effectiveness of the Sinian primary gas-bearing system depends on the gas generating effectiveness of the source kitchen,reservoir and combination of gas accumulation elements.For high-over mature marine source rocks at the Ro of less than 3.5%,besides gas generated from the thermal cracking of liquid hydrocarbon,the kerogen still has some gas generation potential by thermal degradation.In addition,the Sinian microbial dolomite still preserves relatively good-quality reservoirs despite large burial depths,which match well with other basic conditions for gas accumulation in central Sichuan paleo-uplift,increasing the possibility of Sinian primary gas-bearing system.The research results confirm that the Sinian primary gas-bearing system is likely to form large-scale accumulation.展开更多
Simulation experiments on the primary migration of oil were carried out on massive samples. The results proved that oil generated from source rocks was expelled in the form of an independent oil phase. High oil-expuls...Simulation experiments on the primary migration of oil were carried out on massive samples. The results proved that oil generated from source rocks was expelled in the form of an independent oil phase. High oil-expulsion efficiency was observed. It follows that the primary migration of oil is not directly dependent on the quantity of oil generated from the source rocks. Therefore, the oil-expulsion proportion was high though some source rocks yielded only a limited amount of oil. A great deal of gas was produced at the same time of oil-generation. Thus, it can be concluded that the main expulsion energy for oil primary migration came from these gases.展开更多
This paper studies the relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and annual average air temperature (GT) at 0cm above ground in permafrost regions by using revised Chikugo NPP model,cubic spline interpolatin...This paper studies the relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and annual average air temperature (GT) at 0cm above ground in permafrost regions by using revised Chikugo NPP model,cubic spline interpolating functions,and non-linear regression methods.The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers were selected as the research areas.Results illustrate that:(1) There is significant non-linear relationship between NPP and GT in various typical years;(2) The maximum value of NPP is 6.17,5.87,7.73,and 5.41 DM·t·hm-2 ·a-1 respectively,and the corresponding GT is 7.1,10.0,21.2,and 8.9 o C respectively in 1980,1990,2000 and 2007;(3) In 1980,the sensitivity of NPP to GT is higher than in 1990,2000 and 2007.This tendency shows that the NPP presents change from fluctuation to an adaptation process over time;(4) During 1980～2007,the accumulated NPP was reduced to 8.05,and the corresponding carrying capacity of theoretical livestock reduced by 11%;(5) The shape of the demonstration region of ecological compensation system,livelihood support system,and science appraisal system in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are an important research for increasing the adaptation capacity and balancing protection and development.展开更多
Diamond like carbon films have been successfully deposited on the steel substrate, by using a single ion gun with varying beam source. The films may appear blue, yellow and transparent in color, which was found relate...Diamond like carbon films have been successfully deposited on the steel substrate, by using a single ion gun with varying beam source. The films may appear blue, yellow and transparent in color, which was found related to contaminants from the sample holder and could be avoided. The thickness of the films ranges from tens up to 200 nanometers, and the hardness is in the range 20 to 30 GPa. Raman analytical results reveal the films are in amorphous structure. The effects of different beam source on the films structure are further discussed.展开更多
随着能源领域供给侧结构性改革不断深化,新能源得以发展,但我国仍以煤炭等化石燃料作为主要能源。为了探究碳达峰能源目标背景下能源消费结构对碳达峰的影响,提出了一种基于过程/输入—输出混合算法的初级能源因子(Primary Energy Facto...随着能源领域供给侧结构性改革不断深化,新能源得以发展,但我国仍以煤炭等化石燃料作为主要能源。为了探究碳达峰能源目标背景下能源消费结构对碳达峰的影响,提出了一种基于过程/输入—输出混合算法的初级能源因子(Primary Energy Factor,PEF)和碳排放因子(Carbon Emission Factor,CEF)计算策略。使用3种方法进行计算,研究传递能量转化为一次能源的效率,使用初级能源因子,研究能量传递时发生的所有直接和间接的能源使用和损失,以避免传统算法分析中存在的能源重复计算的问题。探讨能源消费碳排放驱动因素,以期为区域碳排放和经济协调发展决策提供借鉴。展开更多
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the bacterial carrying seeds as the primary infection sourcs of Cunularia leaf spot of maize, and to provide the theo-retical basis for the control of the disease in production. [ Method] Through slide germination and seed tissue isolation method, the viabilities of seeds with internaland external bacterial carrying were detected ; the infection of bacterial carrying of seeds on the young seedling was detected indoors by sand culture method ; and the infection of bacterial carrying seeds on maize was detected using field cultivation method. [Result] The conidia of Gunularia and mycelia carried by maize seeds could survive through the winter. Intemal bacterial carrying of seed affected the germination of seeds, but external bacterial carrying did not affect the germination; internal and external bacterial carrying seeds could infect the radicle and gemmule of maize seedling. [Condusion] The conidia of Curvularia and mycelia carried by maize＇seeds could survive through the winter and infect the seedling, which would make the seedlings have weak growth.
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA14010403)the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05004,2016ZX05007-003)the Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(kt2020-01-03,2021DJ06)。
文摘Based on correlation between geochemical characteristics of Sinian and Cambrian source rocks and discovered gas reservoirs,paleoand the analysis on geological conditions of reservoir formation,the sources of natural gas in the Sinian of Sichuan Basin have been discussed to sort out the contribution of Sinian source rocks to the gas reservoirs and effectiveness of Sinian primary gas-bearing system.Through the analysis of natural gas composition,carbon and hydrogen isotopes and effectiveness of Sinian accumulation assemblages,it is concluded that:(1)The natural gas derived from the Sinian source rock is characterized by low ethane content,heavy ethane carbon isotope and light methane hydrogen isotope,and obviously different from the gas generated by the Cambrian source rock.(2)The gas reservoirs discovered in Sinian Dengying Formation are sourced by Sinian and Cambrian source rocks,and the Sinian source rock contributes different proportions to the gas in the 4th member and the 2nd member of the Dengying Formation,specifically,39%and 55%to the 4th member in marginal zone and intra-platform,54%and 68%to the 2th member in the marginal zone and intra-platform respectively.(3)The effectiveness of the Sinian primary gas-bearing system depends on the gas generating effectiveness of the source kitchen,reservoir and combination of gas accumulation elements.For high-over mature marine source rocks at the Ro of less than 3.5%,besides gas generated from the thermal cracking of liquid hydrocarbon,the kerogen still has some gas generation potential by thermal degradation.In addition,the Sinian microbial dolomite still preserves relatively good-quality reservoirs despite large burial depths,which match well with other basic conditions for gas accumulation in central Sichuan paleo-uplift,increasing the possibility of Sinian primary gas-bearing system.The research results confirm that the Sinian primary gas-bearing system is likely to form large-scale accumulation.
文摘Simulation experiments on the primary migration of oil were carried out on massive samples. The results proved that oil generated from source rocks was expelled in the form of an independent oil phase. High oil-expulsion efficiency was observed. It follows that the primary migration of oil is not directly dependent on the quantity of oil generated from the source rocks. Therefore, the oil-expulsion proportion was high though some source rocks yielded only a limited amount of oil. A great deal of gas was produced at the same time of oil-generation. Thus, it can be concluded that the main expulsion energy for oil primary migration came from these gases.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,Grant No. 2007CB411507 and Grant No.2010CB951704)
文摘This paper studies the relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and annual average air temperature (GT) at 0cm above ground in permafrost regions by using revised Chikugo NPP model,cubic spline interpolating functions,and non-linear regression methods.The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers were selected as the research areas.Results illustrate that:(1) There is significant non-linear relationship between NPP and GT in various typical years;(2) The maximum value of NPP is 6.17,5.87,7.73,and 5.41 DM·t·hm-2 ·a-1 respectively,and the corresponding GT is 7.1,10.0,21.2,and 8.9 o C respectively in 1980,1990,2000 and 2007;(3) In 1980,the sensitivity of NPP to GT is higher than in 1990,2000 and 2007.This tendency shows that the NPP presents change from fluctuation to an adaptation process over time;(4) During 1980～2007,the accumulated NPP was reduced to 8.05,and the corresponding carrying capacity of theoretical livestock reduced by 11%;(5) The shape of the demonstration region of ecological compensation system,livelihood support system,and science appraisal system in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are an important research for increasing the adaptation capacity and balancing protection and development.
文摘Diamond like carbon films have been successfully deposited on the steel substrate, by using a single ion gun with varying beam source. The films may appear blue, yellow and transparent in color, which was found related to contaminants from the sample holder and could be avoided. The thickness of the films ranges from tens up to 200 nanometers, and the hardness is in the range 20 to 30 GPa. Raman analytical results reveal the films are in amorphous structure. The effects of different beam source on the films structure are further discussed.
文摘随着能源领域供给侧结构性改革不断深化,新能源得以发展,但我国仍以煤炭等化石燃料作为主要能源。为了探究碳达峰能源目标背景下能源消费结构对碳达峰的影响,提出了一种基于过程/输入—输出混合算法的初级能源因子(Primary Energy Factor,PEF)和碳排放因子(Carbon Emission Factor,CEF)计算策略。使用3种方法进行计算,研究传递能量转化为一次能源的效率,使用初级能源因子,研究能量传递时发生的所有直接和间接的能源使用和损失,以避免传统算法分析中存在的能源重复计算的问题。探讨能源消费碳排放驱动因素,以期为区域碳排放和经济协调发展决策提供借鉴。
