Biological Profile of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Starting Treatment in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The biochemical assessment is a real-time indicator of the state and evolution of an infection. Among other things, it makes it possible to determine the right moment when it becomes necessary to start or change a treatment. Objective: The objective of this study is to present the Biological profile of People Living with HIV starting AntiRetroViral treatment in Kinshasa in the era of Dolutegravir. Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional to determine the biological profile of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) starting AntiRetroViral Treatment (ART). The patient inclusion period was from October 4, 2021 to February 15, 2022. Sixteen centers were included. A sample of 5 ml of blood was taken in a tube with EDTA. Patients were randomly included consecutively in the centers during consultations. The population was made up of adults aged over 18, infected with HIV and starting ART. The parameters of interest retained for the present study were: sex, age, hemoglobin level, blood sugar, urea, creatinine, transaminases, total cholesterol, triglycerides, proteins total, as well as amylase. Results: 119 patients were included in this study in accordance with the inclusion criteria;67 (56.3%) are female, giving a sex ratio of 1.29 in favor of women. The average age of the patients is 39.87 ± 12.36 years. The most represented age group is that of 36 to 45 years with 37 patients (31.9%). The mean values of the biological parameters of the patients at the start of ART are as follows: 31.61 ± 20.71 IU/L for ALT/SGPT, 25.81 ± 19.96 IU/L for AST/SGOT, 79.35 ± 49.49 IU/L for Amylase, 108.13 ± 62.17 mg/dl for Total Cholesterol, 2.77 ± 1.27 mg/dl for Creatinine, 72.53 ±22.23 mg/dl for Glycaemia, 10.30 ± 2.33 g/dl for Hemoglobin, 7.91 ± 1.75 g/dl for Total Protein, 131.23 ± 68.80 mg/dl for Triglycerides, and 33.61 ± 26.27 mg/dl for Urea. Conclusion: Mean values of PLHIV are, for the most part, within the normal range. The average creatinine is higher than the normal average value while the average total cholesterol is below the limit values.

Virological and Molecular Profile of People Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Starting Dolutegravir Based Antiretroviral Treatment in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Context: Despite the new recommendations “Test and Treat”, the virological and molecular parameters remain important information for Antiretroviral Treatment and adequate for monitoring of patients infected with HIV/AIDS. Objective: the Objective of this study is to present the virological and molecular profile of People Living with HIV starting Antiretroviral Therapy in Kinshasa in the era of the Dolutegravir. Methods: This was a transversal study to determine virological and molecular profile of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) starting an ARV Treatment. The patient’s inclusion period was from October 04, 2021 to February 15, 2022. A sample of 5 ml of blood was taken in a tube with EDTA anticoagulant for Molecular Biology analyzes (Viral Load and Sequencing) in all HIV patients, after reading and signing informed consent. The population was made up of adult patients over the age of 18, infected with HIV and starting ART. Results: 119 patients (56.3% of women) were included in this study, thus a sex-ratio of 1.29. The average age of patients included was 39.87 ± 12.36 years. The most represented age group is that of 36 to 45 with 37 patients (31.9%) followed by that from 26 to 35 years with 24 patients (20.7%). Out of 119 patients, 21 patients had an undetectable Viral Load (VL). The median value of VL was 4.16 log10 RNA copies/ml. 114 samples were successfully amplified. Subtype A was dominant with 23 cases (20.2%);followed by the subtype C and CRF02_AG each with 14.0%, and D (10.5 %). K65R (1.8%), T69P/N (4.4%), K70R (7.9%) and M184V (7.0%) mutations were listed as existing mutations for Nucleotide Transcriptase Inhibitors. Conclusion: 38 patients (31.93%) started the TARV with a positive virological prognosis. The subtype A remains dominant in Kinshasa with 23 cases (20.2%);followed by the subtype C and CRF02_AG each with 14.0%. For Inhibitors of Transcriptase Reverse Nucleotide;K65R, T69P/N, K70E/R and M184V mutations were found in patients’ naive of ARV Treatment.

追求卓越的早期教育质量--OECD早期保教质量调查报告“Starting StrongⅢ”述评

早期教育质量的影响因素是多方面的,OECD成员国在提高早期教育质量方面作了许多积极探索,Starting StrongⅢ就是在广泛调研基础上形成的一份聚焦质量的报告。通过探讨Starting StrongⅢ的形成背景,进而分析其五个与早期教育质量密切相关的重要政策杠杆,能为思考我国学前教育发展提供些许启示。

SELF STARTING PROCESS SIMULATION OF WELLS TURBINE IN REGULAR AND IRREGULAR OSCILLATING AIR FLOWS

Self-starting performance is very important for the design of the Wells turbine. In order to analyse the self-starting performance of the Wells turbine in regular and irregular waves, a mathematical model was established to simulate the self-starting process of the Wells turbine in regular and irregular oscillating air flows. Based on the turbine’s force coefficients and the restraint moment function of electric generator, the self-starting performance was investigated in different oscillating air flow conditions and the turbine’s inertia. Digit results show that the self- starting time is shortened with the increase of the amplitude of oscillating air flow or the decrease of the period of oscillating air flow and the turbine’s iner tia. The key to the improvement of the starting performance of the Wells turbine is to improve the turbine’s performance in the stalling region.

Simulation study on starting of dual clutch transmission for tracked vehicles

In order to study the application of dual clutch transmission(DCT)on tracked vehicles,a simulation model and two control methods were performed for starting analysis.Based on a certain transmission of an existing tracked vehicle,a DCT structure was proposed.Matlab/Simulink was adopted as a platform to develop the simulation model.The engine speed was controlled to follow the target speed as a launch strategy.Two control methods,a proportional-integral-derivative(PID)control method and a fuzzy control method,were proposed to control the engine throttle and oil pressure in order to track the target engine speed.Simulation results show that either the PID control or fuzzy control method can improve the starting performance compared with no loop control method.Fuzzy control method can lead a better starting quality compared with PID control method.

THE EVOLUTION OF STARTING VORTEX AND SECONDARY SEPARATION ON AN ELLIPTIC CYLINDER

Flow visualization was used to investigate experimentally the evolution process fromsymmetrical shedding to staggered shedding of the starting vortex and the phenomenon of secondaryseparation on an elliptic cylinder at moderate Reynolds numbers.The vortex structure of the flowseparation was studied.The temporal variation of separation angle and length of wake vortex weregiven.The photographs and experimental results provided basis for further investigation of the complicatedfeature of the starting process of unsteady separated flows around an elliptic cylinder.

Commentary on: “Scientific evidence is just the starting point:A generalizable process for developing sports injury prevention interventions” by Alex Donaldson et al.

<正>In a recent paper,Donaldson et al.~1 argued that lower extremity injuries can be prevented.Evidence-based sports injury preventive exercise programs usually have limited impact on public health because they are not widely adopted or sustained into regular training routines.One reason for this is that the intervention program may not seem relevant for the

THE SUDDEN STARTING OF A FLOATING BODY IN DEEP WATER

This paper applies Lagrangian method to discuss the sudden starting of a floating bodyin deep water and the analytical solutions are obtained.It is known from the numericalresults that the disturbing domain extends and the dynamic pressure also increases when thebreadth of the floating body keeps constant and its depth increases.

Analysis of Starting Performance of High PowerFactor Induction Motor with Floating Windingin Parallel Connection with Capacitors

In this paper, by using a matrix technique, a dynamic model of high power factor induction motor with floating winding in parallel connection with capacitors is established. Then, the starting performance of this motor is analyzed by computer simulation. By comparison of the tested and computed results, which are in good agreement, the dynamic model and simulative method are verified.

Experimental study of the critical sand starting velocity of gas-watersand flow in an inclined pipe

The purpose of this paper is to study the critical sand starting velocity and transformation law of flow pattern based on gas-water-sand three-phase flow in an inclined pipe.Firstly,the indoor simulation experiment system of gas-water-sand three-phase flow was used to test the conversion law of flow pattern based upon the different gas void fraction.Secondly,the influence of slug bubbles on sand migration was investigated according to distinctive hole deviation angles,gas void fraction and sand concentration.Finally,the critical sand starting velocity was tested based on dissimilar hole deviation angles,gas void fraction,sand concentration and sand particle size,and then the influence of the abovementioned key parameters on the sand starting velocity was debated based on the force analysis of the sand particles.The experimental results illustrated that when the gas void fraction was less than 5%,it was bubbly flow.When it increased from 5%to 30%,the bubbly flow and slug flow coexisted.When it was between 30%and 50%,the slug flow and agitated flow coexisted.When it reached 50%,it was agitated flow.Providing that the hole deviation angle was 90°,the phenomenon of overall migration and wavelike migration on the surface of sand bed was observed.On the contrary,the phenomenon of rolling and jumping migration was recognized.The critical sand starting velocity was positively correlated with the hole deviation angle and sand particle size,but negatively associated with the gas void fraction and sand concentration.This research can provide a certain reference for sand-starting production in the field of petroleum engineering.

Synthesis of Novel Fluorine-Containing Surfactants Using Aleuritic Acid as a Starting Material

A novel type of fluorine-containing surfactants 5 was synthesized using aleuritic acid as a starting material in six steps with an overall yield of 9%.Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of

STUDY OF THE STARTING CURRENT AND FREQUENCY DEVIATION OF ELECTROSTATIC GYROMONOTRON

From relativistic linear Vlasov-Maxwell equations,the expressions of the startingcurrent and frequency deviation of a electrostatic gyromonotron with a field distribution sin k‖zare derived and the numerical calculation is carried out.

Analysis of static structural mechanics of vertical axis wind turbine with lift-drag combined starting structures

The finite element analysis was carried out for a composite vertical axis wind turbine with lift-drag combined starting structures to ensure the structure safety of a vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT).The static and modal analysis of rotor of a composite vertical axis wind turbine was conducted by using ANSYS software.The relevant contour sketch of stress and deformation was obtained.The analysis was made for static structural mechanics,modal analysis of rotor and the total deformation and vibration profile to evaluate the influence on the working capability of the rotor.The analysis results show that the various structure parameters lie in the safety range of structural mechanics in the relative standards.The analysis showing the design safe to operate the rotor of a vertical axis wind turbine.The methods used in this study can be used as a good reference for the structural mechanics′analysis of VAWTs.

To Promote Scientific and Technological Innovation from Higher Starting Point

The year of 2008 has been a time of achieving major victory besides withstanding enormous challenges for the economic and social development of China. Under the correct leadership of the Party Central

Starting of HPS lamps driven by electronic ballast

A complete research of two different starting techniques for HPS lamps driven by electronic ballast is presented while a traditional starting technique based on the series resonant theory which is used widely for fluorescent lamps starting is analyzed in detail. An improved nth harmonic resonant technique is also simulated. Furthermore, a novel starting technique based on a pulse transformer is proposed, which still offer the automatic switch off capability. The differences between two starting techniques are explained. The experimental results from a lab prototype are used to verify the design.

Application of the Probability Model for Starting Period to Initiate to Take Palivizumab by Prefecture Using National Official Sentinel Surveillance in Japan

Background: Palivizumab were used for the premature infant or a high-risk infant with congenital heart disease. However, recently outbreak pattern of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection has been varying year by year. Moreover, it also has some regional difference. Therefore, the object of the present study was to develop early detection of the timing of that outbreak had started in each prefecture. Method: We used data in National Official Sentinel Surveillance for Infectious Diseases (NOSSID). Study period was March 16th, 2011 to December 30th, 2018. We defined stating period to initiate to take palivizumab as 8 - 12 weeks before from the peak of outbreak. We estimated whether the week is included in starting period or not from April 1st to the peak of outbreak by the past number of patients of RS virus infection on week and its squared. Additionally, we have to take delay in NOSSID into consideration. Results: In nationwide, the last two seasons, the model predicted precisely the starting period. At prefectural level, the model predicted the starting period precisely in 16.6% of all year and prefectures pairs. When we consider the delay in NOSSID into consideration, the patients can start to take in 14.9% of all year and prefectures pairs. Discussion and Conclusion: The result of the probability model was not good, and thus we have to develop more sophisticated model for prediction at prefecture level.

Dose-response relationship of lung cancer to amount smoked, duration and age starting

AIM: To quantify smoking/lung cancer relationships accurately using parametric modelling. METHODS: Using the International Epidemiological Studies on Smoking and Lung Cancer database of all epidemiological studies of 100+ lung cancer cases published before 2000, we analyzed 97 blocks of data for amount smoked, 35 for duration of smoking, and 27 for age started. Pseudo-numbers of cases and controls(or at risk) estimated from RRs by dose level formed the data modelled. We fitted various models relating loge RR to dose(d), including βd, βdY and βloge(1 + Wd),and investigated goodness-of-fit and heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS: The best-fitting models for loge RR were0.833 loge [1 +(8.1c/10)] for cigarettes/d(c), 0.792(y/10)0.74 for years smoked(y) and 0.176 [(70- a)/10]1.44 for age of start(a). Each model fitted well overall, though some blocks misfitted. RRs rose from 3.86 to 22.31 between c = 10 and 50, from 2.21 to 13.54 between y = 10 and 50, and from 3.66 to 8.94 between a = 30 and 12.5. Heterogeneity(P < 0.001) existed by continent for amount, RRs for 50 cigarettes/d being 7.23(Asia), 26.36(North America) and 22.16(Europe). Little heterogeneity was seen for duration of smoking or age started. CONCLUSION: The models describe the dose-relationships well, though may be biased by factors including misclassification of smoking status and dose.

A Novel Starting Impulse Suppression Method for Active Power Filter Based on Slowly Rising Curve

With the widespread application of power electronic equipment in the power grid,the harmonic problem of the power grid becomes more pronounced,reducing the efficiency of power production,transmission,and utilization,and interfering with the normal operation of the power grid.Based on the requirements of harmonic suppression and power system protection,a shunt active power filter(SAPF)is proposed as an effective harmonic suppression method.However,there are problems with impulse current and impulse voltage in the starting process of SAPF.Impulse current and impulse voltage cause the power grid and switchgear to bear greater current stress and voltage stress,which seriously affect the security and reliability of the power grid and may damage the switchgear.To effectively solve the problem of impulse current and impulse voltage,the starting process of SAPF is divided into the uncontrolled rectification stage and the transition stage.The mathematical model of the DC side of APF is established.The causes of impulse current and impulse voltage in the uncontrolled rectifier and transition phases are analyzed.By introducing voltage square,a new starting impulse suppression strategy of active power filter based on the slow rising curve is proposed,fundamentally solving the problems of impulse current and impulse voltage.Simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of this method.

Research of Inorganic Heat Transfer Element Starting Proprerty

This article studies the wall temperature distribution of inorganic heat transfer element in different working conditions by experiments, and analyzes the impact of inclination angle, heating power, different kinds of cooling medium and different inlet temperature of cooling medium on the starting property of inorganic heat transfer element.