Tasks and Priorities for Comprehensively Deepening Reform of China’s State Sector of Economy

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee ushered in a new chapter of China＇s comprehensive deepening of reform. The basic objective of comprehensively deepening reform of the state sector of economy in the new chapter is to fully integrate this sector with a sophisticated market economic system with the market playing the decisive role in resource allocation. In order to achieve this objective, China is confronted with the four major priorities of adjusting the functions and layout of the state sector of economy according to national mandates, expediting the mixed ownership reform, creating a classified and multi- tiered new system for the administration of the sector, and developing a modern corporate system for SOEs to ensure an efficient micro-level governance mechanism for the sector. （1） The functions of the different types of SOEs should be accurately defined and SOEs should be divided into the three types of public policy SOEs, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs. This classification forms the premises for reforming the state sector of economy. Based on the functions of the three types of SOEs, the directions and emphases for strategic adjustment should differ as well. （2） The mixed ownership reform should adhere to the methodological principles of combining top-down and bottom-up approaches, implementing pilot programs, and promoting coordinated progress. Practical implementation should ensure fair and standard reform procedures, reform programs consistent with laws and regulations, open and fair equity transfers, as well as fair and transparent internal distributions. The mixed ownership reform of SOEs should introduce the employee stock ownership system and adhere to the principles of compatible incentives, shared growth, and long-term development. Monopolistic sectors should be transformed into competitive market structures to create conditions for the implementation of mixed ownership for SOEs. （3） The new system for the administration of the state sector of economy should comprise three hierarchies： the Commission for the Administration of State Economy at the top level, state capital operation companies or state capital investment companies at the intermediate level and general for-profit enterprises at the bottom level, which administer public policy, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs respectively. （4） Under the new system for the administration of the state sector of economy characterized by the three hierarchies and categories, the key for perfecting the modern corporate system of SOEs is to establish a differentiated, classified governance mechanism, i.e., different corporate governance mechanisms should be created for SOEs of different functions and roles.

The Inner Link Between Economic Globalization and the Formation of American Post-industrial Economy

Economic globalization has a very important impact on the world economic development.The economic globalization,especially after the 1970s,not only promoted the global industry division of labor,but also changed the economic structure of the world.From the perspective of global industrial division,many counties have entered post-industrial process,the United States is a case in point.However,economic globalization is an abstract conception,which it consists of trade liberalization,capital globalization,and production decentralization.Therefore,trade liberalization,capital globalization,and production decentralization are important factors for the formation of the post-industrial economy in the United States.

The Root Cause of the Anti-globalization Movement in the United States:the Erosion of the Level-standard Economy

This paper uses Qian’s level-standard economy approach to analyze the losses and gains of American globalization in the Neoliberal Era.Analysis found that:level-standard economy’s sectors are the losers during the process of American globalization in the Neoliberal Era;and super levelstandard economy’s sectors are the winners during the process of American globalization in the Neoliberal Era.The erosion of the level-standard economy has great harm and impact on related parties,so that the USA emerges the movement of populist backlash against globalization.This paper proposes 4 measures to solve this dilemma,i.e.,to impose higher tax rates on the winners of American globalization in the Neoliberal Era,to subsidize more to the losers of American globalization in the Neoliberal Era,to moderately relocate manufacturing and other industries back to the U.S.,and to further strengthen transnational cooperation.

Human Rights Protection under the New Normal State of Economy

The new normal state of economy is not only the overall trend of China's current economic development stage, but also the strategic choice of China for the future economic development, the anticipation for the economic development and its outcome under the new strategy. It is of great strategic significance for the long-term development of China's human rights as a whole, yet it makes a short-term challenge to the realization of the rights of vulnerable groups. Under the new normal state of economy, it should be targeted to strengthen the protection of the rights of vulnerable groups, which is very important not only for the overall development of China's human rights causes, but also for China to cross over 'the middle-income trap' and to achieve sustainable development of economy.

30 years of prosperity in China's non-state economy

This article analyzes the basic experiences in the reform and development of China’s non-state-owned economy,based on a review of its distinctive features and major achievements of sustained rapid development over the last three decades since reform and opening began. It also identifies the problems facing further reform and development of China’s non-state-owned economy. Finally,it presents an outlook of the future of non-state-owned economic development. Looking ahead,the collectively owned economy in urban areas and townships is expected to enter a new stage of development based on transition and transformation; the individual and private economy will reach new heights of development; foreign invested enterprises will further boost economic and technological investment and raise the technological content of output.

Model for evaluation on fuel economy of urban intersection

To provide theoretical foundation for reducing fuel consumption at urban intersection,the relationship among traffic state,signal control parameters and fuel economy was studied.The concept of economic saturation was introduced,and evaluation parameter of traffic fuel economy of intersection was proposed.With a large number of field observation data of fuel consumption,models parameters of evaluation on fuel economy in VISSIM were calibrated.The evaluation models were established separately for lane group,approach and intersection with the fuel consumption data under different saturations and splits.In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed model,a practical intersection was chosen as an example to evaluate.The results showed that it can accurately describe the relationship among traffic state,signal control parameters and fuel economy.It might provide the theoretical basis for improvement traffic management from the perspective of reducing energy consumption.

Three Tales of Capitalism and Creative Economy

The aim is to examine how the creative economy develops in shareholder,state,and stakeholder capitalism.In the shareholder capitalism,the creative economy is headed by large companies in cooperation with governments,which replicate pregiven formulas of governance with no consideration of local specificities,and reinforces the exclusion of small and medium-sized creative enterprises.The state capitalism has the government authorities as the main drivers of the creative economy’s growth,which is usually connected to their political interest in preserving authority and manipulating the population.In the stakeholder capitalism,companies should pay their fair share of taxes,show zero tolerance for corruption,uphold human rights throughout their global supply chains,and advocate for a competitive level playing field.These elements create the specific conditions for a more diversified set of actors leading the initiatives dedicated to the development of creative economy.

Affects of Marshall Plan on Turkish Economy

Marshall Plan is an important declaration that dominated world economy and politics after the World War II. It is also evidence that policy of the United States of America to make for its internal politics between two world wars was abandoned and it was intended to dominate world politics. Likewise, it can be considered as the smoking gun for power loss of continental Europe, including England, against the Soviet Union. When Turkey had to find its way into Western alliance in this new period divided into two poles and called as ＂Cold War＂, it intended to enter into economic acquis formed by Marshall Plan. Turkey, in the process to prevent the spread of communism against the Soviet Union that started mainly by Truman Doctrine, was of the first priority status by the USA just like Greece. It can be said that Turkish economy made an important progress to move into liberal system from its statist structure through Marshall Plan. Accession process to European Union integration mandated by the USA was started by Republican People＇s Party （CHP） and it was also continued in Democratic Party period with liberal program that took over the power as a result of elections in Turkey. Although Marshall Plan created economic added value in Turkey at the beginning, it could not create a sustainable welfare process as consultants coming from the USA had insisted on unilateral economic policies and Turkey was directed towards military spending due to being seen mainly as a buffer state against the Soviet Union and Middle East. It can be also said that arrangements arising from double standards in the application compared to European countries caused economic instabilities in the long run.

Transatlantic Cooperation During the Second World War： The First Stages of Economic Cooperation During the ＂Phoney War＂

During the Second world war, the Franco-British cooperation included the organization of purchasing missions for airnautical material in the States. On 25 november 1939, a Franco-British agreement was set up to organize two purchasing missions in the United States under the control of a ＂Liaison Committee＂ supervised by the Treasury Secretary, Henry Morgenthau. Edouard Daladier, French Chief of Government, sent Ren6 Pleven to establish contacts with General Arnold （AirCorps）. The Franco-British financial contribution facilitated a main spurt in investments which help modernize the American products apparatus. First contacts were established on April 1940, to be delivered in September. While France had not be able to benefit from significant part of these orders, Great Britain would take over some units that were originally allocated to France. These contracts would later facilitate the development of transatlantic cooperation.

ECONOMY

Fiscal and Financial Policy to Bolster Real EconomyChina will continue with stable macroeconomic policies and adopt a combination of fiscal and fnancial measures in an effort to boost domestic demand and bolster support for real economy, the State Council＇s executive meeting chaired by Premier Li Keqiang decided in the end of July.

国有经济如何影响非国有企业劳动收入份额?

基于中国工业企业数据,实证检验了国有经济对非国有企业劳动收入份额的影响。结果发现,国有经济比重上升能够显著提高非国有企业的劳动收入份额,且该影响是国有经济工资溢出效应和效率损失效应共同作用的结果。当国有经济比重较低时,其工资溢出效应是提高非国有企业劳动收入份额的主要方面;当国有经济比重较高时,其效率损失效应在提高非国有企业劳动收入份额中的作用更加突出。异质性检验发现,当国有企业有更高工资或更低效率时,国有经济提升非国有企业劳动收入份额的作用会增强。当劳动力供给充足或市场化程度较高时,国有经济对非国有企业劳动收入份额的提升效果会下降。因此,不断完善社会主义市场经济体制,深化国有企业改革,保持合理的所有制结构有利于促进民营经济健康发展。

国际海洋经济卫星账户实践及对中国启示

近年来,世界各国对海洋经济发展的重视程度日益提高。海洋经济卫星账户致力于提供与国民经济一致可比的统计数据,逐渐成为衡量海洋经济可持续发展的有力工具。通过回顾国际海洋经济统计的最新进展,重点介绍了葡萄牙和美国海洋经济卫星账户应用实践,最后针对我国海洋经济统计核算工作现状与问题提出了相关建议,以期为海洋经济监测评估与政策制定提供参考。

规模经济与国有文艺院团效率增进——来自山西省的证据

规模经济是制造业和服务业供给主体必须追求的目标,艺术表演业也不例外。本文利用1989—2021年山西省国有院团的统计数据,构造长期平均成本产出函数,发现山西省国有文艺院团存在规模经济效应,但是成本产出组合偏离最优组合;国有经营院团生产效率优化空间较大,集体经营院团更能促进规模经济效应的形成。在做强做大文艺表演产业,提升国有文艺院团质量的同时,应降低院团运营中的管理冗余,充分发挥规模经济效应。

进一步全面深化改革与推进中国式现代化——学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神专家笔谈

党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化的决定》指出,“中国式现代化是在改革开放中不断推进的,也必将在改革开放中开辟广阔前景”。中国式现代化的重要保障是高水平社会主义市场经济体制,本质要求是发展全过程人民民主,中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化,是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化。进一步全面深化改革涉及经济、政治、生态、文化诸领域。发展民营经济、壮大民营企业对于构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制具有重要意义,未来五年发展民营经济、壮大民营企业的重要任务有五方面:市场准入公平参与市场竞争;平等使用生产要素;受到同等法律保护;完善社会信用;完善企业治理结构。建构中国式现代社会治理体系的基本经验是以党建引领赋能多元一体的社会合作治理结构,以全过程基层民主激活共建共治共享的治理机制,以多元治理机制的互嵌提升社会治理的整体效能。深化生态文明体制改革的框架体系中,生态文明基础体制是“地基”,生态环境治理体系是“支柱”,绿色低碳发展机制就是“栋梁”。深化生态文明体制改革的保障机制需要主体合作、激励相容和监督巡视。把社会效益放在首位、实现社会效益和经济效益相统一的体制机制、考核评价标准的建立和健全,把国有文化企业的社会责任与绩效考核挂钩,使社会效益“软指标”有可能真正成为“硬指标”。这有利于通过发挥“指挥棒”的引导作用把两个效益相统一原则真正落到实处。

1978年以来国有企业改革史述论

国有企业是中国特色社会主义的重要物质基础和政治基础,在中国的经济体制改革中始终具有突出的政治经济地位。从1978年中共十一届三中全会国有企业放权让利改革开始,国有企业改革的步伐从未停止,循序渐进、不断深化。每个时期的国有企业改革都受这个时期的发展要求和改革条件制约,都需要智慧和勇气。作为经济体制改革的主要内容,国有企业改革难度最大,首当其冲,而且决定了中国发展的方向,直接关系到改革、发展、稳定三者的平衡。中共十八大以来,面对社会主义矛盾变化和经济发展由高速度转向高质量的新形势新任务,国有企业通过全面深化改革,在党建引领、战略安全、监督考核和积极灵活、主动创新、科技领跑等方面发生了根本性变化,不断做强做优做大,增强了核心功能,提升了核心竞争力,彰显出国有企业在中国式现代化建设中的主导地位,体现出社会主义体制的优越性。46年的国有企业改革,其历程虽然艰难,但取得了显著成功,其从理论和实践上都证明了公有制是可以与市场经济有机结合的,也极大丰富和发展了马克思主义政治经济学和社会主义理论。

反腐败斗争对推动共同富裕的正向作用——基于省际平衡面板数据(2005—2021)比较分析的实证研究

党的十八大以来,全面从严治党取得了历史性、开创性成就,反腐败斗争取得了压倒性胜利并得到了全面巩固,在此过程中,“反腐败影响经济增长”的论调“若隐若现”。以翔实数据论证反腐败斗争促进经济发展、推动共同富裕目标的事实成为当前极为重要的一个课题。本研究基于2005—2021年省际平衡面板数据,运用双重差分法探讨党的十八大之前和之后两时期反腐败斗争对推动共同富裕的影响。研究发现,进入新时代,反腐败斗争显著促进了共同富裕目标,反腐败斗争可通过促进非国有经济发展与整个要素市场发育而提高地区共同富裕水平。在稳健性分析中,通过安慰剂检验以解决不可观测到的因素对回归结果产生的影响,该结果依然成立。该研究结果价值主要体现在两方面:一者,能有力回应“反腐败影响经济增长”之荒谬论调;另者,能够丰富“反腐败”“共同富裕”等研究领域的相关文献。

基于飞机状态的备件动态规划技术

伴随民航业的竞争日趋激烈,航空公司迫切需要控制成本以提升效益。民机备件既是直接影响飞行安全的关键因素,备件成本又在航空公司可控成本中占比最高。因此,在保证飞行安全的前提下做好备件规划,对航空公司有至关重要的意义。根据民机备件的安全级别、故障修复时限等对备件分级设置保障率水平,采用符合备件故障特性的马尔可夫生灭过程,建立满足给定保障率水平的备件量计算模型,并在此基础上建立以保障成本最低为目标函数,满足保障率水平为约束函数的备件量动态规划模型。基于飞机状态分析历史故障数据、季节性、日利用率、机队规模对备件保障的影响,在所建模型中将故障率季节性差异、日利用率和飞机停场损失淡旺季差异进行评估以减小计算结果与实际需求的偏差。以H航空公司ERJ-190机型显示组件为例,对所建模型进行应用验证,计算结果与H航空公司运营实际相吻合,证明所建模型可为航空公司备件规划提供技术方法支持。

新发展格局下中国国有经济在“一带一路”沿线的布局优化研究

构建新发展格局赋予了中国国有经济在“一带一路”沿线布局优化中新的目标任务,即要致力于畅通国内国际双循环、实现中国高水平科技自立自强和高水平对外开放等。基于此,中国国有经济在“一带一路”沿线布局优化中,应对标构建新发展格局的目标任务,坚持党的领导、坚持有效市场和有为政府更好结合、坚持高质量发展等原则,如此,才能把构建新发展格局的目标任务融入中国国有经济在“一带一路”沿线的布局优化中,助力中国国有资产的保值增值和“一带一路”沿线各国的共同繁荣发展。同时,还应针对其在实践中遇到的主要问题,在“一带一路”沿线靶向精准地构建经济利益共同体、风险防范共同体、中国国有资产保值增值共同体。

国有经济布局优化和结构调整“三个集中”的现实意义、深刻内涵与实践进路

“三个集中”是推进国有经济布局优化和结构调整的重要方向,能够有效提升国有企业对国家重大战略的支撑力、对战略性新兴产业的引领力,以及有效提升国有企业科技创新能力和价值创造能力。“三个集中”具有鲜明的时代特征和行业特征,其根本目标是实现国有资本和国有企业做强做优做大。新时代新征程,推进“三个集中”必须在党的坚强领导下,加强顶层设计、凸显功能使命性改革要求,坚持分类指导、提升整体耦合效应,坚持动态协同、提升国有经济发展的健壮性和柔韧性,坚持协调发展、推动国有经济与民营经济互促共赢。

数字经济背景下惠州国有企业出口贸易高质量发展探究

从数字经济这一崭新视角入手,探究数字经济对惠州国有企业出口贸易的内在作用和影响。依据惠州统计部门发布的统计公报以及相关数据进行分析,通过对惠州国有企业出口贸易额近年来现状剖析,探究高质量发展宏观政策层面做法和企业的策略、路径,通过配套“五维联动”措施,即优化经营机制、利用数字金融技术、地域天然禀赋优势、数字电商平台、数字物流运输等外贸新业态措施增强国有企业出口竞争力,促使出口贸易高质量发展。