Probabilistic limit state design methodof the axial resistance of post grouting pile

The reliability of post grouting pile axial resistance was studied by proposing a design method for its probabilistic limit state,which is represented by the partial coefficients of load,end,and side resistance.The hyperbolic,modified hyperbolic,and polynomial models were employed to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of test piles that were not loaded to damage in field tests.The results were used for the calculation and calibration of the reliability index.The reliability of the probabilistic limit state design method was verified by an engineering case.The results show that the prediction results obtained from the modified hyperbolic model are closest to those obtained through the static load test.The proposed corresponding values of total,side,and end resistance partial coefficients are 1.84,1.66,and 2.73 when the dead and live load partial coefficients are taken as 1.1 and 1.4,respectively.Meanwhile,the corresponding partial coefficients of total,side,and end resistance are 1.70,1.56,and 2.34 when the dead and live load partial coefficients are taken as 1.2 and 1.4,respectively.

Recent Industrial Developments of Marine Composites Limit States and Design Approaches on Strength

To further exploit the potential of marine composites applications in building ship hulls,offshore structures,and marine equipment and components,design approaches should be improved,facing the challenge of a more comprehensive and explicit assessment of appropriately defined limit states.The structure ultimate/limit conditions shall be verified in principle within the whole structural domain and throughout the ship service life.What above calls for extended and reliable materials characterization on the one hand and for accurate and wide-ranging procedures in structural analyses.This paper presents an overview of recent industrial developments of marine composites limit states assessments and design approaches,as available in open literature,focusing on pleasure crafts and yachts as well as navy ships and thus showing a starting point to fill the gap in this respect.After a general introduction about composites characterization techniques,current design practice and rule requirements are briefly summarized.Both inter-ply and intra-ply failure modes and corresponding limit states are then presented along with recently proposed assessment approaches.Three-dimensional aspects in failure modes and manufacturing methods have been identified as the main factors influencing marine composite robustness.Literature review highlighted also fire resistance and hybrid joining techniques as significant issues in the use of marine composites.

Towards establishing practical multi-hazard bridge design limit states

In the U.S., the current Load and Resistance Factor Design （LRFD） Specifications for highway bridges is a reliability-based formulation that considers failure probabilities of bridge components due to the actions of typical dead load and frequent vehicular loads. Various extreme load effects, such as earthquake and vessel collision, are on the same reliability-based platform. Since these extreme loads are time variables, combining them with not considered frequent. non- extreme loads is a significant challenge. The number of design limit state equations based on these failure probabilities can be unrealistically large and unnecessary from the view point of practical applications. Based on the opinion of AASHTO State Bridge Engineers, many load combinations are insignificant in their states. This paper describes the formulation of a criterion to include only the necessary load combinations to establish the design limit states. This criterion is established by examining the total failure probabilities for all possible time-invariant and time varying load combinations and breaking them down into partial terms. Then, important load combinations can be readily determined quantitatively,

Innovative design and motion mechanism analysis for a multi-moving state autonomous underwater vehicles

In order to achieve the functional requirements of multi-moving state, a new autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) provided with the functions such as the submarine vectorial thrust, landing on the sea bottom, wheel driving on the ground and crawling on the ground was designed. Then five new theories and methods were proposed about the motion mechanism of the AUV such as vectorial thruster technology, design of a new wheel propeller, kinematics and dynamics, navigation control and the ambient flow field in complex sea conditions, which can all conquer conventional technique shortages and predict the multi-moving state performance under wave disturbance. The theoretical research can realize the results such as a vectorial transmission shaft with the characteristics of spatial deflexion and continual circumgyratetion, parameterized design of the new wheel propeller with preferable open-water performance and intensity characteristics satisfying multi-moving state requirements, motion computation and kinetic analysis of AUV's arbitrary postures under wave disturbance, a second-order sliding mode controller with double-loop structure based on dynamic boundary layer that ensures AUV's trajectory high-precision tracking performance under wave disturbance, fast and exact prediction of the ambient flow field characteristics and the interaction mechanism between AUV hull and wheel propellers. The elaborate data obtained from the theoretical research can provide an important theoretical guidance and technical support for the manufacture of experimental prototype.

基于端部绕组模块的定子励磁无刷电机冷却方法

为了提升定子励磁无刷电机的冷却能力,提出了一种基于端部绕组模块的定子励磁无刷电机冷却方法.在电机端部绕组和定子铁芯叠片端部的间隙中插入端部绕组冷却(EWC)模块,以减小定子绕组热点区域和冷却介质之间的间隙,从而提高端部绕组的冷却能力.对非重叠式集中绕组长度计算模型进行改进,评估采用EWC模块前后电机定子电枢绕组长度的变化,分析EWC模块的电导率对电机定子损耗的影响.采用计算流体动力学(CFD)模型,对比EWC模块在不同铜耗和励磁源损耗密度下的冷却性能.结果表明,采用EWC模块可以使端部绕组的稳态温升降低约50%,热态时的绕组电阻降低7.51%,从而改善了定子的冷却条件.

35 kV高压直挂大容量电池储能系统

为推动35 kV高压直挂电池储能系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)的实际应用,系统研究了35 kV高压直挂BESS的主电路参数设计、控制策略及相关控制参数的设计方法;并在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建了35 kV/10 MW/10 MWh系统的仿真模型,以验证所提设计方法及控制策略的正确性。研究结果表明:35 kV高压直挂BESS单机容量大,功率响应速度快,可对内部电池簇进行主动荷电状态均衡及故障冗余控制,系统效率和可靠性更高,能适应未来新能源大规模发展需求。

Model-Following Designs Using Direct State Derivative Measurement Feedback in Novel Reciprocal State Space Form

The paper introduces effective and straightforward algorithms of both explicit and implicit model-following designs with state derivative measurement feedback in novel reciprocal state space form (RSS) to handle state derivative related performance output and state related performance output design cases. Applying proposed algorithms, no integrators are required. Consequently, implementation is simple and low-cost. Simulation has also been carried out to verify the proposed algorithms. Since acceleration can only be modeled as state derivative in state space form and micro-accelerometer which is the state derivative sensor is getting more and more attentions in many microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) applications, the proposed algorithms are suitable for MEMS/NEMS systems installed with micro-accelerometers.

非穿戴无感知睡眠监测系统设计

随着生活节奏的加快,生活压力也逐渐增大,越来越多的人存在不同程度的睡眠障碍,因此监测睡眠过程对睡眠障碍的治疗研究具有重要意义。基于物联网技术,设计并实现了一种非穿戴式无感化睡眠监测系统,主要由中控机、显示屏、智能床垫和服务器构成。中控机程序主要通过C++语言实现,显示屏在Android Studio上开发,服务器采用MySQL数据库存储数据,前端采用Vue.js框架开发,后端采用Springboot框架开发。为测试验证该系统的有效性,招募受试者进行测试实验。实验结果表明,该系统可初步筛查出患有睡眠障碍的人群,具有十分广泛的应用前景。

铁路系统中传感器的低功耗电源管理系统设计

探讨铁路系统中无线传感器的低功耗电源管理策略,并提出一种创新的改进策略。先介绍了铁路传感器系统的架构和相关的能源管理电路设计,然后分析了系统的状态转换过程,包括状态切换时间点和功耗问题。基于这些分析,提出一种自适应功耗模块激活策略,该策略根据传感器传输数据的频率和重要性来动态调整功耗模块的激活频率。此外,还研究了基于状态切换的功率优化方法,以最大限度地减小功率消耗。

基于CiteSpace的国内鞋靴设计研究与趋势

鞋靴设计作为服饰品设计的重要分支,其本土化发展是设计领域的研究热点,但针对该领域文献的系统性梳理尚存在可探讨空间。文章借助文献计量可视化软件CiteSpace,以中国知网CNKI数据库中检索出2000一2022年间的641篇鞋靴设计文献为依托,展开发文量、研究机构、核心作者、被引文献的现状分析及未来研究热点与主题的趋势探测。结果表明,鞋靴设计研究受国内产业发展与人才培养的影响,研究机构主要集中在陕西、河北和浙江,并形成了以区域机构为依托的核心作者及小规模合作团体。未来发展将主要围绕造型设计、类别设计与功能设计3方面,注重与市场多样性需求的对接。

基于延迟校正扩张状态观测器的内置式永磁同步电机电流控制策略

高速电驱动场合会受到开关频率的限制,低载波比特性凸显,由此引起的控制延迟问题影响了内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)矢量控制系统性能。基于扩展电动势的建模方案能够获得IPMSM的对称化模型,有利于离散化分析和设计,以提升低载波比运行性能。扩张状态观测器(ESO)能够实现扩展电动势和扰动的集总观测,然而低载波比延迟问题影响了估算性能。该文在离散域中分析延迟影响,设计和对比研究了几种延迟影响抑制方案,即延迟校正扩张状态观测器,提升了估计精度。基于此,设计了IPMSM离散域电流控制方案,显著提升了电流响应特性。通过电动汽车驱动实验平台验证了该文的分析和设计。

Evaluation of the Residual Capacity of a Submarine for Different Limit States with Various Initial Imperfection Models

The current design philosophy for submarine hulls,in the preliminary design stage,generally considers as governing limit states material yielding along with various buckling modes.It is common belief that,beyond the design pressure,material yielding of the shell plating should occur first,eventually followed by local buckling,while global buckling currently retains the highest safety factor.On the other hand,in the aeronautical field,in some cases structural components are designed in such a way that local instability may occur within the design loads,being the phenomena inside the material elastic range and not leading to a significant drop in term of stiffness.This paper is aimed at investigating the structural response beyond a set of selected limit states,using nonlinear FE method adopting different initial imperfection models,to provide the designers with new information useful for calibrating safety factors.It was found that both local and global buckling can be considered as ultimate limit states,with a significant sensitivity towards initial imperfection,while material yielding and tripping buckling of frames show a residual structural capacity.In conclusion,it was found that the occurrence of local buckling leads to similar sudden catastrophic consequences as global buckling,with the ultimate strength capacity highly affected by the initial imperfection shape and amplitude.

基于火箭简化模型的多状态模型修正研究

火箭发射过程中燃料的不断减少导致火箭结构不断变化,结构的固有频率和模态振型也会随之变化。针对有限元模型的不准确性,以截面惯性矩为修正参数,不同状态下数值仿真结果与试验测试结果的误差最小为目标函数,建立多状态模型修正的优化模型。通过灵敏度分析和一阶泰勒展开对目标函数进行显式化处理,并利用序列线性规划求解得到设计变量的最优解。同时对于多状态结构,以多截面简支梁模型为例,利用锤击法对简支梁进行试验,设计磁吸重物方案模拟多状态模型,以单截面简支梁试验的前4阶频率为目标函数建立优化模型,经过修正将多截面简支梁模型修正为单截面简支梁模型,并且符合截面惯性矩与面积的比例,验证了多状态模型修正方法的准确性。

某雷达大功率固态发射机的结构与散热设计

介绍了某雷达大功率固态发射机的结构布局及散热设计,并给出了关键部件的焊接及加工工艺方法。根据功放组件、供电电源及微波合成波导的热耗大小及分布形式,确定了整机液冷散热的热控方式,并进行了散热仿真分析。首先,基于热平衡方程计算得到单独模块散热所需的冷却液流量,并据此对冷板结构进行优化设计;然后,将各自冷板等效为独立的二端口流阻器件,在Flomaster中建立整个热控系统的一维流体分配模型,得到分流板的关键结构设计变量;最后,通过FloEFD软件并结合工程实际对整机进行散热仿真分析,得到发射机各器件及组合的表面温度分布云图。结果表明,功放组件芯片的最高温度及温度一致性均满足使用要求,从而验证了整机结构和散热方案的可行性。

不同基础条件下预制板式无砟轨道结构设计与检算

基于城市轨道交通工程建设需求,在非预应力轨道板结构设计基础上,采用有限元软件建立了不同基础条件下的无砟轨道结构耦合模型,结合极限状态法,研究开展了综合考虑列车荷载、温度梯度和基础变形作用下预制板的弯矩及配筋计算。结果表明:合理的非预应力板式无砟轨道结构设计,能够满足工程建设需求,路基段承载能力极限状态配筋设计受偶然组合作用控制,不同基础类型的轨道板纵横向配筋均受正常使用极限状态标准组合控制。

State模式在化学仪器控制程序中的应用

提出使用设计模式中的State模式解决化学仪器控制程序中的状态管理等问题,以基于电化学方法的安菲他命浓度快速检测项目的系统设计为例,阐述了该方法的实现方案,并对其使用效果进行了讨论.

全固态连续拉曼激光器谐振腔结构的设计分析

谐振腔结构参数的选择对激光器性能提升尤为重要。采用ABCD传输矩阵法对连续波全固态拉曼激光器谐振腔的结构设计进行理论分析,详细研究了直线腔和折叠腔两种腔结构中晶体热透镜效应以及腔镜曲率半径、腔长等参数对腔内振荡激光腔模参数的影响。在研究实现振荡基频激光与抽运光斑良好模式匹配的同时,减小拉曼介质中基频激光光斑尺寸,以获得高效率的拉曼转换,提高拉曼激光的输出功率和光束质量。所得研究结果将为优化设计拉曼激光器谐振腔的结构提供参考。

剪式座椅悬架系统动态性能分析

基于达朗贝尔原理,在建立座椅悬架系统的虚平衡状态的基础上,推导出了系统的运动微分方程,得到了系统的传递函数。采用试验测定手段,得到了座椅悬架主要元件的力学性能及座椅传递特性,并通过试验结果验证理论模型的准确性。在此基础上,讨论各参数对悬架系统共振频率及幅值的影响,针对其结构参数对悬架系统进行了部分改进,可为座椅结构设计提供思路和解决方法。

基于Luenberger观测器的不确定系统鲁棒状态反馈设计

针对不确定系统测量输出矩阵含有不确定参数的问题,提出一种基于新龙伯格(Luenberger)类型观测器的鲁棒状态反馈设计方法.首先,针对实践中状态变量难以测量的问题,通过观测状态的反馈来进行观测器设计,考虑不确定系统中测量输出矩阵含有不确定参数的情况,设计一种新龙伯格类型观测器;其次,在新龙伯格类型观测器基础上,结合多仿射表示和松弛变量框架,得到与李亚普诺夫函数相关的凸线性矩阵不等式(LMI)条件,进而对闭环系统进行基于线性矩阵不等式组的鲁棒稳定性分析;最后,通过实验检验上述条件的可行性,证明该方法的实用性和有效性.

渐进式滑坡锚索抗滑桩预应力张拉值计算

依据渐进式滑坡蠕变特点,现有锚索抗滑桩计算模型针对渐进式滑坡桩–锚–土三者相互作用过程考虑较少。针对这一问题,将渐进式滑坡缓慢失稳的变形特征和预应力锚索抗滑桩从空载到满载动态工作过程相结合,利用Winkler弹性地基梁理论,优化了锚索抗滑桩桩–锚变形协调条件,考虑桩后土压力渐进变化过程,构建不同工况桩–锚–土协同工作的计算模型,推导了预应力锚索抗滑桩施工阶段初张拉值的计算方法。结合工程算例和有限元软件数值模拟结果,为获取较高精度的计算数值,采用MATLAB软件编译程序进行计算分析。结果表明:1)渐进式滑坡“稳定–蠕动–失稳”阶段性变形特点决定了预应力锚索抗滑桩“空载–加载–满载”三阶段桩–锚动态内力变形过程,明确了各阶段桩后可能存在的土压力模型,单纯进行满载阶段锚索拉力设计不符合渐进式滑坡实际作用机理,进一步证明施工阶段锚索预应力张拉值设计的重要性;2)渐进式滑坡推力由尚未产生的初始空载阶段至完全作用的满载阶段,两阶段并非互相独立存在,二者通过桩–锚变形协调条件相互作用,表明了施工阶段抗滑桩预应力张拉力值大小受满载阶段桩锚内力及变形大小的影响;3)依据渐进式滑坡锚索抗滑桩动态内力变形过程,保证抗滑桩受荷段和锚固段内力大小均衡相等,优化了满载阶段全桩弯矩平衡设计原则,确立了以静止土压力作为施工阶段预应力张拉值设计标准,对比表明,此计算方法优于其余4种现有算法,同时有限元数值模拟结果与本文算法贴合度较高,进一步验证了此计算方法的合理性和可靠性。研究成果可为渐进式滑坡中预应力锚索抗滑桩的设计计算和施工提供技术指导。