Analysis on the Current Situation of China＇s Ping-pong Referee Team above the National Level and Countermeasure Study

In this paper, the current situation of China＇ s Ping-pong referees team is studied using the methods such as document literatures and investigation, and the basic situation of the team is analyzed, and also the level of law enforcement and the existing main problems are summarized, so as to explore the new ideas for the construction of the Ping-pong referees team and also provide a basis for China to train excellent Ping-pong referees. Through investigation, it is found that the problems such as the aging structure, poor English, insufficient training, and less judgment chances of the Ping-pong referee team should be practically solved, and also the artistic judgment quality should be improved.

Multilevel Protection of Human Rights in the Inter-American System: Existence of this Protection at International and National Levels

This paper seeks to demonstrate that in the Inter-American human rights system, there is a form of multilevel human rights protection. To do so, a number of institutions where this protection is present are reviewed. In addition, regulatory and practical bases having made this form of protection possible are outlined. Lastly, the issue of the relationship produced at the level of the judiciary from this multilevel discussion between national and international systems is discussed.

Building National Level Human Rights Bases and Popularization Centers

Building national human rights education and train- ing bases is part of China＇s human rights development,which shows the strong will of the Chinese government for promoting human fights and strengthening hu- man rights protection. Such an action is not only a practical measure for implementing international human fights action plans, but also a practice of the Chinese government in re- specting and implementing relevant international obligations set by the United Nations.

Immigrants’ Satisfaction from the National Health System in Greece: In the Quest of the Contributing Factors

Immigrants deserve special attention as they constitute a very sensitive social group, facing an increasing risk of social exclusion. The access of immigrants to health services is one of the most important factors, which contributes to their integration into the society of induction. The purpose of this study is to track and assess the immigrants’ satisfaction from the health services provided by the Greek National Health System (NHS). The satisfaction level assessment is examined in conjunction with demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the study participants, as well as with the characteristics that are related to their personal experience with the National Health System in Greece. The research was conducted from March 2012 to May 2013. The sample of the research comprises of 126 “first-generation” immigrants on legal permit of residence in Greece, who lived in the prefecture of Attica. It is panel study based on “snowball sampling” and the statistical analysis was conducted with the use of the Stata (ver. 11), while the statistical analysis used probit estimation techniques. The demographic and social variables—particularly the variables of gender, “understanding the Greek language”, “education”, “participation in the community of origin” and “insurance”—the variables of “health” and specifically “long-term diseases” and the variable of “trust” are found to be highly related with immigrants’ satisfaction degree from the Greek health system. Our research concludes that health is a fundamental, human right and immigrants’ access to health services is essential not only for their instant and effective treatment of their health problems and the improvement of their lives but also for ensuring the public health in Greece. In order to properly incorporate immigrants in Greece in particular, the health policy decision-makers have to pay attention to the contributing factors.

Analysis of the constitution and health of medical students from different nationalities in Korla, Xinjiang, China

Objective: To better understand nutritional and health status of students from different nationalities, we analyzed the nutritional status and athletic ability of Uygur, Hui, Mongolian and Han nationality among medical students in Bazhou Health School in Korla, Xinjiang, China. Methods: Using stratified cluster sampling, 1644 students from 47 classes in the 2014 and 2015 grades were selected as the study objects from Bazhou Health School, and 1644 students were measured for anthropometry and exercise capacity. Anthropometric measurements were carried out by qualified surveyors in accordance with GB/T 5703-1999 standard. The exercise capacity is based on the test requirements of the 'Student Physical Fitness Health Standard' (revised in 2014) issued by the Ministry of Education and the State General Administration of Sport. All the data were established by Excel 2010 to a database, and the test data were re-entered into SPSS 18.0 software for statistical analysis with double check. Result: Body morphogenetic development level: There were significant differences in height, weight, waist circumference, and upper arm skinfold thickness among different nationalities. The height and weight of Uygur students were significantly higher than those of Han and Hui students;but Waist circumference of Mongolian students was significantly greater than that of Han, Hui, and Uyghur Students. Detection rate for low weight and obesity: Four national student's BMI individual scores have significant differences, but their BMI in scored an average of more than 90 points, student's body mass index is more ideal. Exercise ability: Th ere are significant differences in standing jump and seat flexion, the standing jump of Hui stud ents is higher than that of Han nationality, and the seat flexion of Mongolian nationality is high er than those of Han and Uygur students, while the standing jump and seat flexion of Han natio nality is lower than those of Hui and Mongolian students. Conclusion: There are differences in the nutrition and development status of all nationalities and they have their own characteristics. Uygur students have higher heights and weights than those of Han students;Mongolian students have thicker waistlines;while Han students have higher measurements of upper arm skinfold thickness. There are different characteristic in sports ability in all nationalities.

Ideas for the realization of China＇s overall national basic pension of workers

At present, the overall low level of pensions, chaotic management, regardless of the central and local powers, capital depreciation of greater risk. Plus various regions of pension imbalances, leading to a pension ＂empty accounts＂ has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, to achieve the basic pension national urban, it is an effective measure to deal with these problems. Manpower is a systematic project, implementation may face difficulties. Therefore, the need to coordinate all aspects of the relationship, select the appropriate time to reform, optimize the overall path, and improve related measures is to ensure the smooth implementation of integrated basis.

The Reforming Logic of State-owned Enterprise Corporate Governance:Proceeding from National Governance to Corporate Governance

The top-level design of national governance plays a leading role in reforming the corporate governance of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)at the micro level.Following the overall objectives of comprehensively deepening reforms,this paper argues that the objective of SOEs corporate governance reform at this stage should be to improve and develop the SOEs corporate governance system with Chinese characteristics and modernize SOEs corporate governance system and governance capacity.To achieve this ambitious objective,this paper considers the theory of SOEs corporate governance with Chinese characteristics,and then explores the concrete manifestation and implementation pathway to the modernization of SOEs corporate governance system and governance capacity.This paper thus enriches the theory of corporate governance and provides insights into the newera SOEs corporate governance reform.

利益群体视角下江西省国家区域医疗中心建设探讨

建设国家区域医疗中心是促进优质医疗资源均衡布局的重大举措。江西省国家区域医疗中心建设数量多,且病种选择准、会商调度勤、思想统一快。但从政府、输出医院、依托医院等利益群体视角看,仍存在顶层设计不清晰、参与医院动力不足等问题,需要加快健全协调机制、明晰三方权责、完善考评和专班制度、优化绿色通道,强化输出医院动力,支持依托医院错位发展,打造可持续的双方合作与项目医院自我发展模式。

推进资本市场高质量发展的理论逻辑与政策构想

资本市场在金融体系运行中具有重要枢纽功能,加快推进资本市场高质量发展,发挥好资本市场功能,对实现经济高质量发展、构建新发展格局、服务实体经济、建设金融强国及防范化解金融风险具有重要的现实意义。未来,推进我国资本市场高质量发展,活跃资本市场,要紧紧围绕深化资本市场供给侧改革、提高上市公司质量、培育一流投资银行和投资机构、引导长期资金入市和推进资本市场高水平对外开放来展开。

国家创新能力评价体系及其发展:基于企业与国家协同创新视角

企业在国家创新体系中的主体地位得到进一步提升,然而现有国家创新评价体系研究对企业如何发挥创新主体作用以及如何理解企业在国家创新中的贡献研究不足,制约了国家创新能力评价实践的开展。从国家创新能力的基础概念出发,构建国家与企业层面创新能力的整合框架,从理论上指出当前国家创新能力提升存在的问题,并借助既有国家创新评价体系对整合框架的效度进行检验,发现当前国家层面创新和企业层面创新能力存在相互分离的问题,基于此提出企业与国家协同创新的创新能力构念,并梳理相关测度指标,最后展望国家创新能力评价的方向和国家创新能力建设的可能路径。

国家重大项目管理应用技术就绪度评价的实施方案及优化——基于“工厂化农业关键技术与智能农机装备”国家重点专项的案例研究

技术就绪度(TRL)评价是建立在项目分解结构和关键技术元素识别基础上的,强调了技术在不同发展阶段之间的转化,能够更直观展现专项实施进展和目标完成情况,并通过进一步丰富技术研发各阶段的评价细则创新项目管理。现阶段已经形成了比较成熟的TRL9级定义,但以应用于工业领域为主,在管理层面衡量科技项目的成效尚未涉及。鉴于此,结合“工厂化农业关键技术与智能农机装备”国家重点专项的项目特点开展TRL管理方法案例研究。梳理TRL概念发展和国内外研究与应用状况,系统梳理“原理构想—技术验证—模拟环境测试—实际应用”这一研发链条,从TRL审查组、被评单位和评价对象3个关键要素入手,从技术指标、技术成果与创新性指标、应用指标3个维度构建覆盖技术、技术成果与创新性评估及应用效能的技术就绪度评价体系,并在考量评价组织机构的运作特性基础上,运用专家咨询法设计技术就绪度评价流程,分别从技术就绪度审查组和被评单位两个层面形成操作规范,构建符合该专项特点的TRL一般标准、TRL指标体系、评级要点参考指标,最终建立“工厂化农业关键技术与智能农机装备”重点专项项目的技术就绪度管理方法。根据所提出的TRL评价实施方案,进一步从开展农业领域应用试点和推广、加强评价方法普及和操作培训、促进与其他项目管理方法有效融合以及加快信息化应用和技术开发等方面,思考提出促进TRL在科技项目管理中高质量实施的建议。

气候风险对发展中国家外债水平的影响

外债水平影响国家金融体系稳定,尤其对于发展中国家,然而有关气候风险如何影响发展中国家外债水平的研究文献相对较少。本文使用德国Germanwatch开发的全球气候风险指数,以2007年至2019年全球主要发展中国家为样本,研究气候风险对发展中国家外债水平的影响和作用机制。实证结论表明,第一,气候风险将导致发展中国家公共外债和公共担保私人外债存量、发展中国家长期外债存量显著增加;第二,分位数回归结果显示,极端的气候风险会使发展中国家外债水平显著增加;第三,基于发展中国家样本的调节效应模型显示,整体宏观制度环境好的发展中国家在应对气候风险时外债水平较低;第四,中介效应模型表明,气候风险会导致发展中国家政府财政支出增加,进而引起本国外债的上升。

国家高新区对提升区域综合竞争力的影响研究

为检验国家高新区对提升区域全面竞争力的实际影响效果,文章选用全国29个省份国家高新区2016—2021年的面板数据进行实证分析。结果显示,国家高新区在促进创新能力方面具有显著的正面作用,且对环境规制和要素流动性的影响在不同地域表现出明显的异质性:西部地区国家高新区在激发创新活力方面更显著,东部地区则在环境规制和要素流动性方面呈现多样化的表现;相较北部地区而言,南部地区国家高新区在提升创新能力方面成效更为显著。

高质量发展视阈下藏羌彝走廊公共文化服务效能评价

以藏羌彝走廊七个省(区)为研究对象,运用熵权TOPSIS模型评估2014—2019年藏羌彝走廊地区公共文化服务效能水平,着力推动藏羌彝走廊地区公共文化服务的高质量建设。结果显示:(1)藏羌彝走廊公共文化服务效能整体呈不断上升趋势,各地区间的公共文化服务效能绝对差距仍然较大,相对差距不断缩小。(2)藏羌彝走廊各地区公共文化服务效能空间分布呈现出较为明显的“东高西低”格局。(3)藏羌彝走廊地区公共文化服务效能障碍因子存在一定的地区差异性,但差异较小。针对各地区公共文化服务效能差距较大问题以及存在的障碍因素,提出实行差异化发展策略、优化及整合资源配置、加快建设公共文化服务数字化等相关建议。

基层治理中的国家认证能力:困境与前景--从社区“万能章”问题切入

当前的基层治理领域普遍存在社区“万能章”问题。表面上看,社区“万能章”是政府部门向基层自治组织转嫁事务和责任的结果,但本质上,这一问题缘于基层治理现代化背景下日益增长的认证“需求”同国家认证能力不足之间的深刻矛盾。认证能力是基础性的治理能力,而在治理现代化背景下,基层治理对国家认证提出更多的需求和更高的要求。在转型和改革阶段,基层社会具有流变性和不规则性,基层治理处于更迭和过渡时期,这使得国家认证面临诸多挑战。从国家认证能力的构成来看,基层治理领域的国家认证主要存在认证系统的统一程度不高、认证体系内部存在张力、认证方式过于单一等问题。因此,完善国家认证的基本制度框架,清除认证体系的内部壁垒,提高认证机制的社会适应能力,应当是可行的国家认证能力建设路径。

国家级经济开发区如何促进共同富裕:理论机制和经验证据

本文构建共同富裕的综合评价指标体系,利用2002-2020年268个地级市的面板数据,对各地区历年的共同富裕水平进行测度;在理论分析的基础上,利用双重差分模型探究国家级经济开发区的设立对地区共同富裕水平的影响及其异质性。研究发现:(1)国家级经开区设立能够显著提升区域共同富裕水平,这一结论经过一系列统计检验仍成立;但同时,经开区的设立对区域共同度影响显著而对富裕度影响不显著。(2)异质性检验表明,国家级经开区设立对区域共同富裕影响具有区域和空间尺度异质性。(3)国家级经开区主要通过推动产业结构调整、促进产业结构升级促进共同富裕发展。本文研究不仅拓展了国家级经开区设立的多重效应,也为促进共同富裕发展提供新的切入点,还为国家级经开区的进一步完善提供了决策依据。

数字赋能基层治理法治化:模式嬗变与机制设计

基层治理法治化是我国国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要体现,也是法治中国建设中的重要一环。数字技术的发展为基层治理法治化提供了强大动力,助推基层治理的法治化水平稳步提升。基于对数字赋能基层治理法治化的优势、目标和机遇进行的系统化探讨,可以发现在数字技术的支持下,基层治理能够实现向源头治理与融合治理的模式嬗变,而基层司法所应当在数字科技发展的环境下发挥牵头治理的作用。结合数字技术助力乡村基层治理的实践经验,在全面解析数字赋能乡村基层治理法治化的优势和现实困境的基础上提出的包括观念培育、技术配套、风险防范和人才培养等四大方面的机制设计,能够助推数字技术在乡村基层治理中焕发新的活力,使其在优化基层治理水平的同时提高推动乡村基层治理法治化的效率和质量。

国家级传统体育类非物质文化遗产项目的发展策略探究

运用文献资料法、文本分析法和专家访谈法等方法,对国家级传统体育类非物质文化遗产项目进行了研究。研究认为,国家级传统体育类非遗项目面临着政策支持力度不够、资金投入不足、文化环境变迁、现代化进程加快和外来文化冲击严重等困境。并提出了加大政策扶持力度,健全资金支持机制;加强文化环境适应与融合,加大宣传推广力度;探索市场化运作模式,提升非遗项目的经济效益;加强本土文化的自信和认同等发展策略,以期为传统体育类非遗项目的有效保护和可持续发展提供参考和借鉴。

面向高水平科技自立自强的国家科研机构改革进路

国家科研机构的持续深入改革对于实现高水平科技自立自强至关重要。面向高水平科技自立自强新战略需求,国家科研机构须立足“四个面向”,坚持构建现代化产业体系、培育和发展新质生产力的新功能定位。当前国家科研机构尚面临诸多现实困境,如在国家创新体系中定位不清晰,创新活力难以释放,改革过程中制度建设相对滞后,在创新网络中与其他创新参与者协同性较差。应基于“有为政府”的“一主多元”非均衡网络化治理场域,通过加强统一领导、实施分类发展策略、发挥“两院”组织作用、加快制度建设和立法等举措推动国家科研机构改革,支撑高水平科技自立自强。

数字技术对国家级物流枢纽城市集货效率的影响及区域差异研究

在分析数字技术对国家级物流枢纽城市集货效率影响机理的基础上,选取中国20个国家级物流枢纽城市2011-2021年的面板数据测算数字技术发展综合指数和城市集货效率水平及其区域差异,进一步实证检验了前者对后者的影响程度及区域异质性。结果显示,数字技术显著提升了国家级物流枢纽城市的集货效率。异质性分析发现,数字技术对城市集货效率的影响在中部城市和二线城市更为显著,这或许与它们还处于边际收益递增阶段有关。基于以上结果,提出加快数字技术健康发展以驱动国家级物流枢纽城市集货效率提升的全国总体性及区域差异性等对策建议。