Modernization of Governance System and Governance Capability of State-Owned Enterprises

State-owned enterprises are important pillars of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and the modernization of their governance system and governance capacity is an important part of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.Through case study and specific practice,this paper carries out an in-depth thinking and serious analysis on how to promote the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity of state-owned enterprises under the new situation and requirements.This paper puts forward three kinds of management and control mechanism to enhance core competence in addition to the specific implementation path by using digital governance means.

The Reforming Logic of State-owned Enterprise Corporate Governance:Proceeding from National Governance to Corporate Governance

The top-level design of national governance plays a leading role in reforming the corporate governance of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)at the micro level.Following the overall objectives of comprehensively deepening reforms,this paper argues that the objective of SOEs corporate governance reform at this stage should be to improve and develop the SOEs corporate governance system with Chinese characteristics and modernize SOEs corporate governance system and governance capacity.To achieve this ambitious objective,this paper considers the theory of SOEs corporate governance with Chinese characteristics,and then explores the concrete manifestation and implementation pathway to the modernization of SOEs corporate governance system and governance capacity.This paper thus enriches the theory of corporate governance and provides insights into the newera SOEs corporate governance reform.

Political governance in China's state-owned enterprises

State-owned enterprises(SOEs)are both the economic and political bases of the Chinese Communist Party(the Party)and the Chinese state.The overarching principle of SOE reform is to firmly implement the Party’s leadership and the modern enterprise system.This principle creates a political governance system in China’s SOEs—a Party-dominated governance system characterized by Party leadership,state ownership,Party cadre management,Party participation in corporate decision-making,and intra-Party supervision.This survey explains the logic of political governance in China’s SOEs,presents the evolution and current practices of each element of the system,and discusses findings from both academic research and the field.

Executive turnover in China's state-owned enterprises:Government-oriented or market-oriented?

Executive turnover is important in the governance of state-owned enterprises(SOEs). Herein, we focus on the executive turnover of China's SOEs, and the implementation of related evaluation mechanisms under different levels of government intervention. We collect executive turnover data of listed Chinese SOEs from 1999 to 2012, and find that about half of the SOE executives leave office within two terms, which is in line with government recommendations. Moreover, we find that more than a third of executives leave after less than one term, and nearly 20% after more than two terms, highlighting the uncertainty and unpredictability of executive appointments in SOEs. We also find that the executive evaluation mechanism for SOEs is implemented differently under different levels of government intervention. SOEs under weak intervention, such as those controlled indirectly by governments, controlled with low shareholdings, from non-regulated industries or in the Eastern regions, prefer the market-oriented evaluation method, which places more weight on executives' economic performance. In contrast, those under strong intervention prefer the government-oriented evaluation method, which is characterized by policy burden.

Female directors in the boardroom and intellectual capital performance:Does the“critical mass”matter?

This research aims to investigate the influence of female directors on Intellectual Capital Performance(ICP)using a sample of manufacturing-listed companies in China.Our study investigates the link between having two or more female directors and the Modified Value-Added Intellectual Coefficient(MVAIC)methodology,employing the critical mass theory from 2004–2017.We find that having a critical mass of female directors(three or more)shows a significant positive impact on MVAIC and its components,including human capital efficiency,structural capital efficiency,relational capital efficiency,and physical capital efficiency,with physical capital being the critical driver.Our study reveals that the critical mass participation of female directors substantially influences the IC efficiency of privately owned companies compared to state-owned companies.Moreover,the number of female directors also affects the IC performance of manufacturing companies in multiple regions.Our findings support the validity of group classification identified by Kanter and Critical Mass Theory.To the best of our knowledge,this is one of the few pieces of research that studies the role of female board directors in IC performance and Chinese manufacturing firms using MVAIC as an IC measure.

企业科研人员对科技伦理治理的态度及影响因素:基于问卷调查的分析

企业是科技伦理治理的重要主体,而企业科研人员对科技伦理治理的态度会影响企业伦理治理能力和成效。基于对一项全国企业科研人员调查数据的分析发现,企业科研人员日常工作中碰到科技伦理议题的情况比较普遍。但总体而言,与其他科研人员相比,企业科研人员对于加强科技伦理治理持更“消极”的态度;科技伦理失范行为风险感知、机构伦理(审查)委员会设置情况,以及科技伦理“大环境”等因素都会影响企业科研人员对科技伦理治理的态度。并对研究发现的理论和政策含义及研究的局限性进行了简要讨论。

Who Drives Environmental Governance of Enterprise:Official Tenure Evaluation or Five-Year Plan Target Assessment?

Based on the non-financial listed enterprises data from 2000 to 2014,this paper calculates the level of environmental governances of enterprises with environmental investment,and empirically analyzes the impact of provincial official tenure and Five-Year Plan target assessment on the environmental governance of enterprises.The results show that the enterprise environmental investment presents a significant periodic trend in the Five-Year Plan,while the trend is not significant in official’s tenure.The further test suggests that with the clear requirement of“environmental performance”incorporated into the performance evaluation system of local government officials,it has become significant in the periodic trend in the impact of officials’tenure on environmental investment.In contrast,the trend has become less prominent in the Five-Year Plan,which indicates that there is a substitute relation between the two evaluation systems.The mechanism test also finds that both environmental subsidies and pollution abatement expenditures present a significantly periodic trend in the Five-Year Plan.And official’s tenure plays a regulatory role in the Five-Year Plan periodic trend in the environmental governance of enterprise,showing that it is more significant when the time about officials’tenure evaluation is earlier than Five-Year Plan target assessment.The above results indicate that it is beneficial to improve local environment governance from the perspective of top institutional design by both strengthening the environmental evaluation.

中国政府及国有企业在美国法院面临的主权豁免问题分析——兼评美国Walters夫妇就“中国制造”手枪质量问题导致儿子死亡告中华人民共和国政府缺席判决执行案

美国Walters夫妇就"中国制造"手枪质量问题导致儿子死亡告中华人民共和国政府,美国密苏里州西区联邦法院用缺席判决判中国政府赔偿1000万美元。美国Walters夫妇要求扣留中国工商银行纽约分行等3家银行中相应的中国政府财产,美国纽约州南区联邦法院以该财产不在美国境内为由,驳回原告要求。2010年3月,美国原告提起上诉。本案仍然在进行中。本文通过对本案的分析,引出中国政府及国有企业在美国法院面临的主权豁免问题的分析,如中国政府在主权豁免案中可引用的抗辩理由;中国国有企业援引主权豁免的利弊;执行国有企业中相应财产问题。本文旨在引起学术界进一步关注在司法实践中涉及中国的主权豁免问题。

CSR行为管理中政府与核心企业的进化博弈模型分析

由于对企业是否履行CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility)行为进行监督需要可观的监督成本,且对政府来说,严格的监督还可能对短期内GDP政绩指标表现造成不利影响。因此,在缺乏媒体监督的社会环境中,政府和核心企业都有不采取措施监督供应链成员履行CSR的动机。针对这一现实问题,可运用进化博弈理论,在前人研究基础上引入GDP政绩和媒体监督的环境因素,构建政府和核心企业CSR监督的进化博弈模型,对彼此博弈策略的稳定性进行分析。研究表明:政府和核心企业对供应链成员的CSR行为是否进行监督一方面取决于监督成本、公众的CSR意识、GDP政绩指标权重以及社会媒体的监督力量等因素,另一方面也与博弈对手的策略选择的概率相关。

政府科技支出如何作用于区域创新能力?——区域创新中政府与企业、市场关系的思考

考虑区域创新中政府、企业及市场间的作用,理论分析中国政府科技支出对区域创新能力的影响及作用机理,采用30个省区(因数据缺失,未包含西藏地区及港澳台地区)2008—2020年面板数据以系统GMM模型和门槛效应模型检验其影响效应及非线性关系。研究表明:政府科技支出对区域创新能力有显著的激励作用和正向滞后效应;政府科技支出对区域创新能力的作用效力受到企业创新绩效、市场化程度的单门槛效应影响,存在效力发挥的关键期。研究有助于理清区域创新中政府与企业、市场的关系,对政府资金干预区域创新的形式作出思考,提升政府科技支出效率,增强区域创新能力。

Corporate governance and firm value: Evidence from Chinese state-controlled listed firms

The association between corporate governance and firm value has been extensively studied in Chinese listed firms. Based on the characteristics of their ultimate shareholders, Chinese listed firms can be categorised as(1) central statecontrolled,(2) local state-controlled or(3) non-state-controlled. Some scholars have described Chinese government policy as ‘zhuada fangxiao', thus suggesting that the corporate governance mechanisms(CGMs) of central state-controlled listed firms(SCLFs) are better than those of local state-controlled listed firms. Therefore, this paper specifically examines the influence of CGMs on the value of central SCLFs and local SCLFs. Analysis of 2006 firm-year observations from 2007 to 2009 suggests that the aggregate ownership of other large shareholders and the remuneration of top executives exhibit different effects on firm value in central and local SCLFs. The results also provide evidence that there is no endogenous effect of firm value on the ownership of the largest shareholder in central and local SCLFs.

区域创新网络中政府与企业的演化博弈

介绍了区域创新网络的研究现状,在此基础上运用演化博弈模型分析了区域创新网络中政府与企业的行为选择过程,分析了区域创新网络中政府和企业创新行为的影响因素,即企业的创新收益、政府补贴、政府从企业创新中所获收益以及企业创新的机会成本,并通过Matlab数值仿真进行了验证。最后,提出了促进区域创新网络形成和发展的对策建议。

美国国有企业发展及其近期私有化改革研究

市场经济发达的美国是世界上国有经济比重最小的国家之一,但是美国国有企业在国民经济中弥补市场失灵、减轻财政压力、提高经济效率等方面却发挥了重要的作用,其成立原因、运行模式、管理办法以及改革途径等,都具有发达市场经济国家所特有的独到之处和成功之处。美国的国有企业作为成熟市场经济中的公有经济成分,在企业运行模式、国家规制以及近期国有企业的私有化改革上,有很多问题值得我们思考和借鉴。

广东省民营科技企业的现状、问题及对策研究

20世纪90年代以来,广东省民营科技企业得到了高速发展,无论是企业规模、盈利能力,还是技术创新能力、经营管理水平都有了较大幅度的提高,也为推动广东省的经济发展和科技进步作出了重要贡献。为了使民营科技企业能够健康成长并实现可持续发展,通过分析广东省民营科技企业的发展现状及其发展过程中所面临的问题,提出民营科技企业发展的有效对策。

上海市科技型中小企业不同生命周期阶段的政府资助效用研究

随着经济的发展,科技型中小企业日益成为经济的主体。在科技型中小企业的发展过程中,创新基金也正在发挥着日益重要的作用。以上海市264家接受政府创新基金资助的科技型中小企业为研究对象,运用多个财务指标,从偿债能力、营运能力、盈利能力、发展能力、成长能力等方面对创新基金处于不同生命周期的科技型中小企业的资助效用进行测量。研究发现,受资助后处于不同周期的企业其综合能力都得到了提高,但提高幅度大小不一,种子期提高幅度较大,而成长期和成熟期提高幅度相对较小。造成政府资助效用差异的原因和科技型中小企业不同生命周期阶段的经营特征、融资需求的差异有关。

资源型产业集群竞争优势的动态演变路径

资源型企业在资源富集地区具有空间集群现象。静态分析或成本分析仅能部分地解释产业群的成因。资源型产业集群的发展说明只有加入制度因素,才能揭示该类型产业群竞争优势的演进过程。政府可以依据资源型集群三个阶段的不同特征,分阶段培育集群竞争优势。

高技术产业不同来源科研经费投入绩效实证研究

本文选取政府经费投入、企业经费投入、银行科技贷款、研发人员全时当量作为高技术产业的创新投入变量,新产品销售额作为产出变量,首先采用面板数据研究投入要素贡献的弹性系数,然后采用SBM超效率模型测度科技投入产出效率,最后运用系统广义矩(SYS-GMM)分析投入要素节约对效率提高的影响。结果表明,企业经费贡献的弹性系数和资源利用率最高,拥有最高的绩效;政府经费投入与银行科技贷款的绩效较低,要素贡献的弹性系数和资源利用率较低。提高企业经费投入的利用率对效率的影响最为显著,其次是政府科技投入,提高银行科技贷款的利用率对效率提高的影响较小。我国科技绩效总体处于缓慢升高的状态,发展态势良好。

信任、经理人激励与家族企业治理

信任治理是解决"家族主义困境"的重要方式.它通过使家族提供的包含信任信息的工作条件符合经理人预期的形式来激励经理人.家族根据对经理人的信任水平来调整相应的激励机制.不同的激励机制反映为不同的家族企业治理模式.来自对沪市家族上市企业的实证研究表明:采用要素使用权契约激励机制的治理模式是最有效率的.在相似的要素使用权契约水平下,家族控制要比家族大规模放权要更有效率,这说明我国家族企业的信任治理还不成熟.

企业技术创新中的政府科技投入影响效应

本文基于中国科技数据,利用面板数据模型对企业技术创新中的政府科技投入影响效应进行实证研究。文章分析了政府工业与公共研发投入、企业内部与外部研发投入等基本因素,提出理论假设,构建产业-时期面板数据模型并进行验证。结果表明,吸收政府工业研发投入和政府公共研发投入分别对企业研发投入和内部研发投入具有直接激励效应,对企业新产品收入分别具有综合和间接促进效应;企业内部研发投入具有关键中介效应。