High incomes in state monopoly industries have drawn extensive public concerns in China. The management of state-owned enterprises(SOEs) is motivated and empowered to set payment schemes in their own favor, resulting ...High incomes in state monopoly industries have drawn extensive public concerns in China. The management of state-owned enterprises(SOEs) is motivated and empowered to set payment schemes in their own favor, resulting in the greater extent to which their senior executives are overpaid as compared with average workers. Hence, the level of unjustified high incomes is heterogeneous among employees of different income levels in state monopoly industries. Using Machado-Mata counterfactual decomposition method based on the regression of multiple quantiles, this paper measures the proportions of reasonable and unreasonable parts of pay gap between state monopoly industries and competitive industries. Our study found that the workforce of state monopoly industries are overpaid across various wage levels, while the extent to which they are overpaid increases with the rise of wage level. The implication is that compared with average workers, executives in state monopoly industries are overpaid to an even greater extent. This requires that the government focus on curbing the high executive income in addition to putting a lid on the gross payroll of SOEs in state monopoly industries. The fundamental strategy to resolving the excessive high income in state monopoly industries is to bring different types of SOEs under different corporate management models and income systems.展开更多
The paper viewed the current problem that state-owned enterprises in northeast industry base hadn＇t technologies of their own intellectual property right, whose sources mainly depended on imitation and introduction f...The paper viewed the current problem that state-owned enterprises in northeast industry base hadn＇t technologies of their own intellectual property right, whose sources mainly depended on imitation and introduction from abroad. Operational evaluation method and index criteria system of enterprises technology innovation ability were put forward in this paper, different enterprises may revise the model according to their actual situations to evaluate the enterprise technological innovation ability scientifically and quickly. The findings will be helpful to correlative departments to formulate the related policies and also has important theoretical and practical value in technological innovation project of enterprise.展开更多
This article briefly and historically reviews the polices of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries （OPEC） and analyzes the factors that facilitate or hinder OPEC＇s monopoly in the crude oil market. The ...This article briefly and historically reviews the polices of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries （OPEC） and analyzes the factors that facilitate or hinder OPEC＇s monopoly in the crude oil market. The industrial concentration ratio is chosen to measure OPEC＇s monopoly power based on the data from 1986 to 2004. It is concluded that OPEC possesses a long-standing cartel foundation and a rather strong monopoly in the world crude oil market. At the same time, there are unstable factors that influence and even weaken OPEC＇s monopoly.展开更多
Natural monopoly,because of its spontaneous or natural characteristics, must have some mysterious causes of reasonableness.Thus,the regulations to its efficiency loss would have a different way compared to other monop...Natural monopoly,because of its spontaneous or natural characteristics, must have some mysterious causes of reasonableness.Thus,the regulations to its efficiency loss would have a different way compared to other monopolies. That the characteristics of natural monopoly,in the case of water industry, are that the infrastructure investments are very large,most of which are used to build the transportation system? The webs for transporting their products to their customers,and the products are identity goods or services.By examining the characteristics of natural monopoly,this paper proposed away to break upand remodel the industry of“natural monopoly”.The main clue of remodeling is that the governments,who represent the public and who have the power to control over public resources,should build and maintain a public web platform for the goods’ transportation uses, and break up the barrier ofthe entry so as to produce a market-oriented competitive structure.The running modeland the condition of remodeling are put forward and the cost-revenue analysis of the operation is briefly under consideration.展开更多
Inter-industry wage differentials in China, measured in terms of average employment earnings by industry, are significant and have been increasing since 1988. The coefficient of variables measuring inter-industry aver...Inter-industry wage differentials in China, measured in terms of average employment earnings by industry, are significant and have been increasing since 1988. The coefficient of variables measuring inter-industry average earning differentials is apparently on the rise along with the subdivision of industry. A theoretical analysis of the labour market indicates that inter-industry wage differentials are mainly due to human capital variation among the employees of different industries and the likelihood of monopoly rent sharing. An empirical study finds that employee characteristics such as sex, age and education can only explain 60 percent of CVs in the period 2003 to 2005 and the rest may be due to the effect of monopoly rent sharing in certain industries. A residual analysis of wage equation proves that the monopoly industries of technology or knowledge share a small proportion of rents with employment, whereas non-competitive monopoly industries generally garner an abnormal share of rents, as much as half of their above-average earnings for their industries. Such abnormal rents and benefits are mainly the result of low cost natural resources, the use of state-owned assets, the misappropriation of consumer welfare and the seeking of fiscal or social subsidy for cost inflation. So, China should deal with the non-competitive monopoly industries by reforming their monopoly power and primary social distribution mechanism to structure a fair income distribution order.展开更多
China's high-speed railway industry achieved dazzling development over the years, but not much research has been devoted to this industry from the perspective of competition policy. This paper focuses on the indus...China's high-speed railway industry achieved dazzling development over the years, but not much research has been devoted to this industry from the perspective of competition policy. This paper focuses on the industrial organization of China's high-speed railway industry and the applicability of the Anti-Monopoly Law. We intend to answer the following questions:(1) Why is the high-speed railway industry not an industry of natural monopoly? Which segments of the industry have elements of natural monopoly?(2) At the level of corporate organization, what is the legal and economic rationale behind the patterns of China's high-speed railway undertakings evolving from government-affiliated enterprises to special legal person enterprises and then shareholding companies?(3) The applicability of the Anti-Monopoly Law to the high-speed railway industry. Our conclusions from the perspective of competition policy are worth referencing for similar industries such as electric power, telecommunications, and water and gas supply.展开更多
基金sponsored by the Key Project of Philosophical and Social Sciences under the Ministry of Education, "Study of Industry Monopoly and Household Income Distribution in China’s Transition Stage (Grant No. 12JZD030)
文摘High incomes in state monopoly industries have drawn extensive public concerns in China. The management of state-owned enterprises(SOEs) is motivated and empowered to set payment schemes in their own favor, resulting in the greater extent to which their senior executives are overpaid as compared with average workers. Hence, the level of unjustified high incomes is heterogeneous among employees of different income levels in state monopoly industries. Using Machado-Mata counterfactual decomposition method based on the regression of multiple quantiles, this paper measures the proportions of reasonable and unreasonable parts of pay gap between state monopoly industries and competitive industries. Our study found that the workforce of state monopoly industries are overpaid across various wage levels, while the extent to which they are overpaid increases with the rise of wage level. The implication is that compared with average workers, executives in state monopoly industries are overpaid to an even greater extent. This requires that the government focus on curbing the high executive income in addition to putting a lid on the gross payroll of SOEs in state monopoly industries. The fundamental strategy to resolving the excessive high income in state monopoly industries is to bring different types of SOEs under different corporate management models and income systems.
文摘The paper viewed the current problem that state-owned enterprises in northeast industry base hadn＇t technologies of their own intellectual property right, whose sources mainly depended on imitation and introduction from abroad. Operational evaluation method and index criteria system of enterprises technology innovation ability were put forward in this paper, different enterprises may revise the model according to their actual situations to evaluate the enterprise technological innovation ability scientifically and quickly. The findings will be helpful to correlative departments to formulate the related policies and also has important theoretical and practical value in technological innovation project of enterprise.
文摘This article briefly and historically reviews the polices of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries （OPEC） and analyzes the factors that facilitate or hinder OPEC＇s monopoly in the crude oil market. The industrial concentration ratio is chosen to measure OPEC＇s monopoly power based on the data from 1986 to 2004. It is concluded that OPEC possesses a long-standing cartel foundation and a rather strong monopoly in the world crude oil market. At the same time, there are unstable factors that influence and even weaken OPEC＇s monopoly.
文摘Natural monopoly,because of its spontaneous or natural characteristics, must have some mysterious causes of reasonableness.Thus,the regulations to its efficiency loss would have a different way compared to other monopolies. That the characteristics of natural monopoly,in the case of water industry, are that the infrastructure investments are very large,most of which are used to build the transportation system? The webs for transporting their products to their customers,and the products are identity goods or services.By examining the characteristics of natural monopoly,this paper proposed away to break upand remodel the industry of“natural monopoly”.The main clue of remodeling is that the governments,who represent the public and who have the power to control over public resources,should build and maintain a public web platform for the goods’ transportation uses, and break up the barrier ofthe entry so as to produce a market-oriented competitive structure.The running modeland the condition of remodeling are put forward and the cost-revenue analysis of the operation is briefly under consideration.
基金funded by the National Philosophy and Social Science Innovation Centre of Economic ransition and Development of Nanjing University sponsored by the Ministry of Education of China
文摘Inter-industry wage differentials in China, measured in terms of average employment earnings by industry, are significant and have been increasing since 1988. The coefficient of variables measuring inter-industry average earning differentials is apparently on the rise along with the subdivision of industry. A theoretical analysis of the labour market indicates that inter-industry wage differentials are mainly due to human capital variation among the employees of different industries and the likelihood of monopoly rent sharing. An empirical study finds that employee characteristics such as sex, age and education can only explain 60 percent of CVs in the period 2003 to 2005 and the rest may be due to the effect of monopoly rent sharing in certain industries. A residual analysis of wage equation proves that the monopoly industries of technology or knowledge share a small proportion of rents with employment, whereas non-competitive monopoly industries generally garner an abnormal share of rents, as much as half of their above-average earnings for their industries. Such abnormal rents and benefits are mainly the result of low cost natural resources, the use of state-owned assets, the misappropriation of consumer welfare and the seeking of fiscal or social subsidy for cost inflation. So, China should deal with the non-competitive monopoly industries by reforming their monopoly power and primary social distribution mechanism to structure a fair income distribution order.
文摘China's high-speed railway industry achieved dazzling development over the years, but not much research has been devoted to this industry from the perspective of competition policy. This paper focuses on the industrial organization of China's high-speed railway industry and the applicability of the Anti-Monopoly Law. We intend to answer the following questions:(1) Why is the high-speed railway industry not an industry of natural monopoly? Which segments of the industry have elements of natural monopoly?(2) At the level of corporate organization, what is the legal and economic rationale behind the patterns of China's high-speed railway undertakings evolving from government-affiliated enterprises to special legal person enterprises and then shareholding companies?(3) The applicability of the Anti-Monopoly Law to the high-speed railway industry. Our conclusions from the perspective of competition policy are worth referencing for similar industries such as electric power, telecommunications, and water and gas supply.
