Intermittent disturbance mechanical behavior and fractional deterioration mechanical model of rock under complex true triaxial stress paths

Mechanical excavation,blasting,adjacent rockburst and fracture slip that occur during mining excavation impose dynamic loads on the rock mass,leading to further fracture of damaged surrounding rock in three-dimensional high-stress and even causing disasters.Therefore,a novel complex true triaxial static-dynamic combined loading method reflecting underground excavation damage and then frequent intermittent disturbance failure is proposed.True triaxial static compression and intermittent disturbance tests are carried out on monzogabbro.The effects of intermediate principal stress and amplitude on the strength characteristics,deformation characteristics,failure characteristics,and precursors of monzogabbro are analyzed,intermediate principal stress and amplitude increase monzogabbro strength and tensile fracture mechanism.Rapid increases in microseismic parameters during rock loading can be precursors for intermittent rock disturbance.Based on the experimental result,the new damage fractional elements and method with considering crack initiation stress and crack unstable stress as initiation and acceleration condition of intermittent disturbance irreversible deformation are proposed.A novel three-dimensional disturbance fractional deterioration model considering the intermediate principal stress effect and intermittent disturbance damage effect is established,and the model predicted results align well with the experimental results.The sensitivity of stress states and model parameters is further explored,and the intermittent disturbance behaviors at different f are predicted.This study provides valuable theoretical bases for the stability analysis of deep mining engineering under dynamic loads.

Dynamic mechanical characteristics of deep Jinping marble in complex stress environments

To reveal the dynamic mechanical characteristics of deep rocks,a series of impact tests under triaxial static stress states corresponding to depths of 300-2400 m were conducted.The results showed that both the strain rates and the stress environments in depth significantly affect the mechanical characteristics of rocks.The sensitivity of strain rate to the dynamic strength and deformation modulus shows a negative correlation with depth,indicating that producing penetrative cracks in deep environments is more difficult when damage occurs.The dynamic strength shows a tendency to decrease and then increase slightly,but decreases sharply finally.Transmissivity demonstrates a similar trend as that of strength,whereas reflectivity indicates the opposite trend.Furthermore,two critical depths with high dynamically induced hazard possibilities based on the China Jinping Underground Laboratory(CJPL)were proposed for deep engineering.The first critical depth is 600-900 m,beyond which the sensitivity of rock dynamic characteristics to the strain rate and restraint of circumferential stress decrease,causing instability of surrounding rocks under axial stress condition.The second one lies at 1500-1800 m,where the wave impedance and dynamic strength of deep surrounding rocks drop sharply,and the dissipation energy presents a negative value.It suggests that the dynamic instability of deep surrounding rocks can be divided into dynamic load dominant and dynamic load induced types,depending on the second critical depth.

Mechanical properties and supporting effect of CRLD bolts under static pull test conditions

A device for supporting soft rock masses combined with a constant resistance structure characterized by constant resistance and large deformation at the end of a steel bar, known as the constant resistance and large deformation（CRLD） bolt, has recently been developed to counteract soft rock swelling that often occurs during deep mining. In order to further study the mechanical properties of the CRLD bolt, we investigated its mechanical properties by comparison with the conventional strength bolt（rebar） using static pull tests on many aspects, including supporting capacity, elongation, radial deformation, and energy absorption. The tests verified that the mechanical defects of the rebar, which include the decrease of bolt diameter, reduction of supporting capacity, and emergence and evolution of fracture until failure during the whole pull process, were caused by the Poisson＇s ratio effect. Due to the special structure set on the CRLD bolt, the bolt presents a seemingly unusual phenomenon of the negative Poisson＇s ratio effect, i.e., the diameter of the constant resistance structure increases while under-pulling. It is the very effect that ensures the extraordinary mechanical properties, including high resistance, large elongation, and strong energy absorption. According to the comparison and analysis of numerical simulation and field test, we can conclude that the CRLD bolt works better than the rebar bolt.

Mechanical behavior analysis of high power commercial lithium-ion batteries

In application,lithium-ion cells undergo expansion during cycling.The mechanical behavior and the impact of external stress on lithium-ion battery are important in vehicle application.In this work,18 Ah high power commercial cell with Li Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2)/graphite electrode were adopted.A commercial compress machine was applied to monitor the mechanical characteristics under different stage of charge(SOC),lifetime and initial external force.The dynamic and steady force was obtained and the results show that the dynamic force increases as the SOC increasing,obviously.During the lifetime with high power driving mode,different external force is shown to have a great impact on the long-term cell performance,with higher stresses result in higher capacity decay rates and faster impedance increases.A proper initial external force(900 N)provides lower impedance increasing.Postmortem analysis of the cells with2000 N initial force suggests a close correlation between electrochemistry and mechanics in which higher initial force leads to higher direct current internal resistance(DCIR)increase rate.In addition,for the cell with higher external force,deformation of the cathode and thicker solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film on the surface of anode and separator are observed.Porosity reduction and closure was also verified after cycles which is an obstacle to the lithium ion transferring.The largest cause of the observed capacity decline was the loss of active lithium through autopsy analysis.In addition,for the cell with higher external force,deformation of the cathode and thicker SEI film on the surface of anode and separator are observed.Porosity reduction and closure was also verified after cycles which is an obstacle to the lithium ion transferring.The largest cause of the observed capacity decline was the loss of active lithium through autopsy analysis.

Mechanical deformation properties of Continuous Welded Rail on kilometer-span suspension bridge for high-speed railway

The complex bridge-track interaction between kilometer-span bridges and continuous Welded Rail(CWR)brings great challenges to CWR designing.Taking a suspension bridge with laying CWR as a case,the mechanical properties of CWR on the bridge are analyzed to reveal the sensitive areas of the track,and the design method of CWR and track structures on the beam ends are proposed.The results show that the unidirectional Rail Expansion Joints(REJ)need to be installed on the beam end of the kilometer-span bridge to reduce rail longitudinal force.Due to the bridge characteristics,there is no CWR fixed area on the kilometer-span bridge,and rail longitudinal force on the main span caused by bending loads needs to be concerned.The deformation of track on the beam end is complex,which is the weak area on the kilometer bridge,the large relative displacement between the stock rail of REJ and the main beam can cause poor stability of ballast bed on beam end,small resistance fasteners need to be laid on the sides of stock rail on the main beam to increase the stability of ballast and fasteners on the beam end.To improve the driving safety and comfort of beam end,the Sleeper-Supporting Apparatus(SSA)should be specially designed to ensure the uniform transition of track on beam ends.Temperature and wind loads have a significant impact on track regularity on the kilometer span bridge,the dynamic response of trains and bridges under those loads needs to be attended to.

Based on network pharmacology,molecular docking and experimental validation to reveal the potential molecular mechanism of quercetin for the treatment of diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome

Objective:To explore the potential mechanism of action of quercetin in the treatment of diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D).Methods:The potential targets of quercetin were obtained from the TCMSP,SwissTar-getPrediction,and BATMAN-TCM databases.The targets of IBS-D were obtained by searching the GeneCards database with"diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome"as the keyword,and the targets of quercetin and IBS-D were intersected.The PPI network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 software.The intersected targets were imported into the DAVID database for GO functional analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.The binding ability of quercetin to the core targets was observed using molecular docking.Based on this,we established an IBS-D rat model,administered quercetin for intervention,and experimentally validated the network pharmacology prediction results by HE staining and ELISA assay.Results:Network pharmacology analysis showed that TP53,TNF-α,AKT1,VEGF-A,IL-6 factors and MAPK,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as the core targets and pathways of quercetin for the treatment of IBS-D.The results of animal experiments revealed that quercetin could inhibit the secretion of TP53,TNF-α,AKT1,VEGF-A,IL-1βand IL-6,reduce the inflammatory response and improve IBS-D.Conclusion:Quercetin could protect colon tissue by regulating the expression of TP53,TNF-α,AKT1,VEGF-A,IL-1βand IL-6,thereby treating IBS-D.

Microstructure and Quasi-Static Mechanical Behavior of Cryoforged AA2519 Alloy

In this study, AA2519 alloy was initially processed by multi axial forging (MAF) at room and cryogenic temperatures. Subsequently, the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of the processed samples under quasi-static loading were investigated to determine the influence of cryogenic forging on alloys’ subgrains dimensions, grain boundaries interactions, strength, ductility and toughness. In addition, the failure mechanisms at the tensile rupture surfaces were characterized using scanning electron micro-scope (SEM). The results show significant improvements in the strength, ductility and toughness of the alloy as a result of the cryogenic MAF process. The formation of nanoscale crystallite microstructure, heavily deformed grains with high density of grain boundaries and second phase breakage to finer particles were characterized as the main reasons for the increase in the mechanical properties of the cryogenic forged samples. The cryogenic processing of the alloy resulted in the formation of an ultrafine grained material with tensile strength and toughness that are ~41% and ~80% higher respectively after 2 cycles MAF when compared with the materials processed at ambient temperature. The fractography analysis on the tested materials shows a substantial ductility improvement in the cryoforged (CF) samples when compared to the room temperature forged (RTF) samples which is in alignment with their stress-strain profiles. However, extended forging at higher cycles than 2 cycles led only to increase in strength at the expense of ductility for both the CF and RTF samples.

Buildings and civil engineering works-Sealants-Determination of changes in cohesion and appearance of elastic weatherproofing sealants after exposure of statically cured specimens to artificial weathering and mechanical cycling

Foreword ISO(the International Organization for Standardization)is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies).The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees.Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.

《Engineering Mechanics——Statics》,《Engineering Mechanics——Dynamics》(10th Edition)评介

R．C．Hibbeler编著《工程力学——静力学》、《工程力学——动力学》（第10版）（Engineering Mechanics——Statics，Engineering Mechanics Dynamics（10th Edition），Prenties Hall，2003）已于2004年1月由高等教育出版社出版了影印版、该教材对我国的理论力学教材建设和双语教学具有极大参考价值。

Mathematical modeling for dynamic stability of sandwich beam with variable mechanical properties of core

The paper is devoted to mathematical modelling of static and dynamic stability of a simply supported three-layered beam with a metal foam core. Mechanical properties of the core vary along the vertical direction. The field of displacements is for- mulated using the classical broken line hypothesis and the proposed nonlinear hypothesis that generalizes the classical one. Using both hypotheses, the strains are determined as well as the stresses of each layer. The kinetic energy, the elastic strain energy, and the work of load are also determined. The system of equations of motion is derived using Hamilton＇s principle. Finally, the system of three equations is reduced to one equation of motion, in particular, the Mathieu equation. The Bubnov-Galerkin method is used to solve the system of equations of motion, and the Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the second-order differential equation. Numerical calculations are done for the chosen family of beams. The critical loads, unstable regions, angular frequencies of the beam, and the static and dynamic equilibrium paths are calculated analytically and verified numerically. The results of this study are presented in the forms of figures and tables.

Influence of SBS modifiers on viscoelastic mechanical behavior of modified asphalt

In order to verify the influence of different block proportions S/B on the effect of SBS modified asphalt,the dynamic mechanical performance test and static loading test were performed on the samples composed of different kinds of SBS with base asphalt. It is found that different S/B values fix on different modified effects and different viscoelastic mechanical behaviors,due to biphasic separate fabric of polybutadiene and polystyrene in SBS. In low-speed running pavement,the modified asphalt with lower S/B value shows better pavement performance,while in high-speed running pavement,the modified asphalt with higher S/B value shows better pavement performance. As far as SBS modified asphalt itself is concerned,mixing proportion impacts on resisting displacement and block proportion S/B ratio impacts on strain recovery capacity. In the case that the conditions are the same,SBS modified asphalt with different S/B values can be used for different travelling speed pavement construction demands to get an intelligent use.

Failure mechanism and coupled static-dynamic loading theory in deep hard rock mining: A review

Rock failure phenomena,such as rockburst,slabbing(or spalling) and zonal disintegration,related to deep underground excavation of hard rocks are frequently reported and pose a great threat to deep mining.Currently,the explanation for these failure phenomena using existing dynamic or static rock mechanics theory is not straightforward.In this study,new theory and testing method for deep underground rock mass under coupled static-dynamic loading are introduced.Two types of coupled loading modes,i.e.'critical static stress + slight disturbance' and 'elastic static stress + impact disturbance',are proposed,and associated test devices are developed.Rockburst phenomena of hard rocks under coupled static-dynamic loading are successfully reproduced in the laboratory,and the rockburst mechanism and related criteria are demonstrated.The results of true triaxial unloading compression tests on granite and red sandstone indicate that the unloading can induce slabbing when the confining pressure exceeds a certain threshold,and the slabbing failure strength is lower than the shear failure strength according to the conventional Mohr-Column criterion.Numerical results indicate that the rock unloading failure response under different in situ stresses and unloading rates can be characterized by an equivalent strain energy density.In addition,we present a new microseismic source location method without premeasuring the sound wave velocity in rock mass,which can efficiently and accurately locate the rock failure in hard rock mines.Also,a new idea for deep hard rock mining using a non-explosive continuous mining method is briefly introduced.

Analysis of static structural mechanics of vertical axis wind turbine with lift-drag combined starting structures

The finite element analysis was carried out for a composite vertical axis wind turbine with lift-drag combined starting structures to ensure the structure safety of a vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT).The static and modal analysis of rotor of a composite vertical axis wind turbine was conducted by using ANSYS software.The relevant contour sketch of stress and deformation was obtained.The analysis was made for static structural mechanics,modal analysis of rotor and the total deformation and vibration profile to evaluate the influence on the working capability of the rotor.The analysis results show that the various structure parameters lie in the safety range of structural mechanics in the relative standards.The analysis showing the design safe to operate the rotor of a vertical axis wind turbine.The methods used in this study can be used as a good reference for the structural mechanics′analysis of VAWTs.

StaticalyDeterminateEquationsofEquilibriuminParticulateMechanics

Based on a model of two stress tensors possessing high fluidity, a statically determinate system of partial difference equations of equilibrium has been derived for use to particulate media of such nature. Through non dimensionalization of independent and dependent variables, the system passes into that of partial differential equations. Although the statically determinate system of partial differential equations is non linear, yet the two dimensional one falls apart into three separate groups which can be solved easily one after another.

The Mechanical Environment of the Cells in a Membrane Pressure-tension Compound Loading System:An Experimental and Theoretical Study

A quasi-static/dynamic pressure-tension compound loading system was established in this paper for the research of cellular mechanical circumstances. Both radical and circumferential strain of the basement membrane were studied and compared in theoretical calculations by using the FEA Software ABAQUS and experimental measurements. The tension of the basement membrane was studied both in ABUQUES results and experimental results, the relation between the height of the concave cavity, the radius of the membrane and the strain of the membrane were studied in details.

Effect of Partial Recrystallization on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties for Cross-rolled Molybdenum Sheet

The paper presented here reports an appropriate static heat treatment and analyses the microstructure with different partially recrystallized annealing temperatures of cross-rolled molybdenum sheet in order to improve mechanical property of this type of materials and reduce anisotropy at the same time for perspective application. Five different temperature ranges are chosen in this experiment. The samples of a cross-rolled molybdenum sheet are obtained through powder metallurgy, forged ingots and hot or cold rolled sheet. A period of first-stage annealing at 800°C for one hour is not qualified for the further processing because of bad plasticity, working hardening and crack on the surface. The appropriate second-stage annealing temperature at 950°C for one hour is chosen for improving the elongation and reduces yield strength. The results show that this appropriate partially recrystallized annealing treatment has achieved the ideal grain size and mechanical properties when it is compared with the other four different temperatures with the same second-stage annealing conditions.

结构瞬变影响下采场煤岩静态力学响应的阶变规律

为了明确采场煤岩力学响应的演变规律,以宽沟煤矿W1143长壁综采工作面为工程背景,采用物理相似模拟实验和数值计算相结合的方法,在明确来压前、后覆岩空间结构瞬变特征的基础之上,建立了一种实现坚硬岩层瞬时破断的数值模拟前处理方法,研究了结构瞬变影响下采场煤岩静态力学响应的阶变规律。结果表明:覆岩空间结构是由破裂面以外、采动影响范围以内不同岩性的岩层所组成的空间岩体结构,是其影响范围内的采场煤岩产生不同力学响应的内因。来压期间,由于坚硬岩层的破断具有瞬时性,导致覆岩空间结构发生瞬变,受此影响,采场煤岩的静态力学响应发生阶变,其本质上为一动力学过程。覆岩空间结构瞬变造成采场煤岩的应力场与位移场产生阶变,阶变集中于瞬变区域附近,距离瞬变区域越远,其阶变量越小。

联肢弯剪型钢板剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

联肢钢板剪力墙结构是将2片钢板剪力墙通过钢连梁连接形成的抗侧力结构。通过对1榀1/3缩尺的4层联肢弯剪型钢板剪力墙试件进行低周往复加载试验,从滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性、承载力及刚度退化、耗能能力等方面研究了该结构体系的抗震性能,并且对试件的屈服顺序和变形模式进行了分析。结果表明:联肢钢板剪力墙试件的延性系数达到5.03,承载力退化系数均大于0.96,承载力和刚度退化稳定,等效黏滞阻尼系数达到0.25以上,表明联肢弯剪型钢板剪力墙具有优越的抗震性能。加载过程中,连梁先于墙板发生屈服,墙板先屈曲后屈服,此后柱脚和横梁相继屈服。连梁的引入改变了结构的屈服机制,提高了整体的延性和耗能能力,能够组成多道抗震防线,且试件整体最终也体现出合理的破坏机制。整体侧移曲线呈弯剪变形模式。该试验研究更加贴合实际工程中联肢钢板剪力墙结构的应用情况,为联肢钢板剪力墙结构的进一步研究和应用提供了试验基础。

平行四杆机构搬运机器人的设计与分析

对物流搬运方式进行了研究,在分析了传统AGV特点后,提出了一种利用平行四杆机构实现前后双向抓取、摆放动作的搬运机器人。首先,从整体角度描述机器人的机电结构,研究主要部件如螺杆丝杠、平行连杆、蜗轮蜗杆等的设计与特性;基于力学原理建立了搬运机器人起重部件的静力学模型,以弹簧为关键零件,采用全局搜索算法对其优选,显著降低抬升所需的最大输出扭矩,在分析中得出最大扭矩,由此进行减速器的设计;最后,基于静力学模型的受力分析结果,利用有限元分析方法对杆件进行了模拟仿真,获得应力和变形的分布情况。实验表明,结果满足预期设计的性能指标要求,并为进一步优化提供支持。

炭黑/废纸导电纤维的制备及其在聚丙烯中的应用

利用多巴胺氧化自聚合将炭黑粘附到废纸纤维表面,制备了炭黑/废纸柔性导电纤维,分析了炭黑含量对纤维导电性能的影响,然后,将该导电纤维与聚丙烯熔融共混制备复合材料,分析了导电纤维添加量对复合材料导电和力学性能的影响。结果表明,聚多巴胺将炭黑均匀粘附在废纸纤维表面,纤维的电阻率随着炭黑含量增加而逐渐降低,当炭黑含量为15%时,废纸纤维的电阻率logρ下降至2.16Ω·cm。柔性导电纤维能更好地控制聚丙烯复合材料电导率降低幅度,当纤维添加量为15%(炭黑含量为2.27%)时,复合材料的表面电阻率为3.71×10^(10)Ω,体积电阻率为2.45×10^(11)Ω·cm,能达到抗静电级别。此时,复合材料的弹性模量和拉伸强度分别为565.65和17.01 MPa,模量提高了1.07%,但强度降低了32.82%。