Analysis of Static Pressure in Area between Back Plate and Cylinder of a Carding Machine with CFD

To analyze static pressure between back plate and cylinder in an A186 carding machine,a fluid model is established. The model takes into account static pressure of airflow near back plate with the numerical simulation method of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in FLUENT software. The result of the simulation in the model shows that static pressure in this area quickly increases to its maximum then rapidly decreases to a lower fixed value from inlet to outlet along a zone between back plate and cylinder. Both rotating speeds of the cylinder and the taker-in affect static pressure from the inlet to the outlet,of which the cylinder rotating speed has more influence than that of taker-in. Numerical simulations reveal that static pressure on surface of back plate are in good agreement with the former result of experimental analysis.

Static pressures, intra-access blood flow and dynamic Kt/V profiles in the prediction of dialysis access function

BACKGROUND Hemodialysis machine-generated circuit pressures and clearance profiles are potential predictors of quality assurances. In our practice, we previously we observed that elevated static access pressures were associated with abnormal Kt/V values, high access recirculation and deviation of the Kt/V profile (Abnormal Kt/V profile) from normally expected values (Normal Kt/V profile). AIM To hypothesize that static or derived access pressures would correlate with direct intra-access blood flow rates and that clearance (Kt/V) profiles would correlate with measured Kt/V values. METHODS Static access pressures, real-time adequacy of dialysis and intra-access blood flow were investigated in end stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to investigate differences between the groups;Spearman’s rank correlation test to investigate relationships between static pressures, direct intra-access pressures and Kt/V profiles;and multinomial logistic regression models to identify the independent effect of selected variables on Kt/V profiles. Odds ratio were calculated to measure the association between the variables and Kt/V profiles. RESULTS One hundred and seven patients were included for analysis. There were no significant differences between genders, and types of vascular access between the normal vs. abnormal clearance (Kt/V) profile groups. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between static access pressures and Kt/V profiles, static access pressures and intra-access blood flow, intra-access blood flow and Kt/V profiles, measured Kt/V and Kt/V profiles or recirculation and Kt/V profiles. CONCLUSION In this study utilizing measured versus estimated data, we could not validate that dialysis machine generated elevated static pressures predict intra-access blood flow disturbances or that abnormal Kt/V profiles predict access recirculation or inadequate dialysis. These parameters, though useful estimates, cannot be accepted as quality assurance for dialysis adequacy or access function without further evidences.

Analysis on Static Pressure Bearing Seal Characteristics of Guide Sleeve of Electro-hydraulic Servo Cylinder

As a typical bionic walking robot, hydraulic quadruped robot has attracted much attention because of its high mobility, strong load capacity and steady motion. The electro-hydraulic servo cylinder, as its power actuator, requires low friction, good lateral load resistance and high speed motion. The electro-hydraulic servo cylinder hydrostatic bearing seal guide sleeve is taken as the research object in this paper. By using Fluent software to analyze and contrast the film characteristics of rectangular and I-shaped oil chamber of hydrostatic bearing seal guide sleeve, the relationship between piston rod moving speed, eccentricity, oil film carrying capacity, friction force and leakage volume, as well as the relationship between oil feed flow and oil film bearing capacity, friction force, inlet pressure and leakage volume were analyzed. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the static pressure bearing seal parameters.

Static pressure redistribution mechanism of non-axisymmetric endwall based on radial equilibrium

Non-axisymmetric endwall contouring has been proved to be an effective flow control technique in turbomachinery.Several different flow control mechanisms and qualitative design strategies have been proposed.The endwall contouring mechanism based on the flow governing equations is significant for exploring the quantitative design strategies of the nonaxisymmetric endwall contouring.In this paper,the static pressure redistribution mechanism of endwall contouring was explained based on the radial equilibrium equation.A quantified expression of the static pressure redistribution mechanism was proposed.Compressor cascades were simulated using an experimentally validated numerical method to validate the static pressure redistribution mechanism.A geometric parameter named meridional curvature(Cme)is defined to quantify the concave and convex features of the endwall.Results indicate that the contoured endwall changes the streamline curvature,inducing a centrifugal acceleration.Consequently,the radial pressure gradient is reformed to maintain the radial equilibrium.The convex endwall represented by positive Cme increases the radial pressure gradient,decreasing the endwall static pressure,while the concave endwall represented by negative Cme increases the endwall static pressure.The Cme helps to establish the quantified relation between the change in the endwall radial pressure gradient and the endwall geometry.Besides,there is a great correlation between the distributions of the Cme and the change in the endwall static pressure.It can be concluded that the parameter Cme can be considered as a significant parameter to parameterize the endwall surface and to explore the quantitative design strategies of the nonaxisymmetric endwall contouring.

"Nonlinear" characteristics of the static earth pressure coefficient in thick alluvium

Exact calculations of the static earth pressure from a thick alluvium require accurate K0 values. These calculations influence the sinking cost and the safety of the freezing method. The static earth pressure coefficient (K0) of thick and deep soil was analyzed using laboratory tests. The results show that the static earth pressure coefficient of thick and deep soils is nonlinear and different from that of superficial soils. The constant of superficial soils is usually invariant and the total stress or incremental stress definitions used in traditional geo-mechanics give the same value. The influence of load increments when calculating for superficial soil is ignored. The difference in values of K0 for thick alluvium defined by the total stress or the incremental stress methods is over 10%. The effects of the thick alluvium on K0 should be considered during the design of frozen shaft projects. Such things as the frozen shaft thickness and the excavated section height should be chosen to assure the rationality of the design and to avoid potential faults and accidents.

Study on the Test Method of Static Earth Pressure Coefficient of Deep Soils

The static earth pressure coefficient of soils is,approximately,considered to be a constant in the view of clas-sical soil mechanics. This is supported by many research results. The high pressure experimental research and analysis of remolding deep soil described herein indicate that the static earth pressure of thick overburden has a notable non lin-ear characteristic. It also appears larger than that of superficial soils. It is necessary for deep coal mine design and con-struction to consider this particularity of soil pressure so as to avoid engineering accidents and heavy loss of life and property.

A New Measurement System for Static and Dynamic Clothing Pressure

This study aims to develop a system and measurement method for investigating the static and dynamic pressure behavior of compression products. The self-designed measurement system, named "cloth-press" (LLY-56B), is a direct measurement method, which is based on a rigid hemisphere with three pressure sensors distributed on its surface. The static pressure is measured at predetermined press depth, and the dynamic pressure is measured under the processing of fabric 3D deformation. The pressure distributions at the basic three sites are accepted as the measurement results. The measurement results provide much information in the field of compression fabric assessment, and the measurement system can be used in scientific research institutes and factories, contributing to optimize process parameters and quality control of compression garment.

Crack propagation mechanism of compression-shear rock under static-dynamic loading and seepage water pressure

To reveal the water inrush mechanics of underground deep rock mass subjected to dynamic disturbance such as blasting, compression-shear rock crack initiation rule and the evolution of crack tip stress intensity factor are analyzed under static-dynamic loading and seepage water pressure on the basis of theoretical deduction and experimental research. It is shown that the major influence factors of the crack tip stress intensity factor are seepage pressure, dynamic load, static stress and crack angle. The existence of seepage water pressure aggravates propagation of branch cracks. With the seepage pressure increasing, the branch crack experiences unstable extension from stable propagation. The dynamic load in the direction of maximum main stress increases type I crack tip stress intensity factor and its influence on type II crack intensity factor is related with crack angle and material property. Crack initiation angle changes with the dynamic load. The initial crack initiation angle of type I dynamic crack fracture is 70.5°. The compression-shear crack initial strength is related to seepage pressure, confining pressure, and dynamic load. Experimental results verify that the initial crack strength increases with the confining pressure increasing, and decreases with the seepage pressure increasing.

Lateral Pressure of RC Silos with Static and Dynamic Granular Materials

This paper aims at analyzing material-induced lateral pressure of RC cylinder silo in both static and dynamic condition using the finite element method( FEM). In the finite element software ABAQUS,concrete material is modeled by concrete damaged plasticity model,and stored materials in silo is modeled by the hypoplastic theory.In terms of numerical model,shell elements( S4R) and solid elements( C3D8) are applied for model silo wall and stored materials respectively. The interaction between silo wall and stored materials is simulated by Coulomb friction model and penalty contact constrain provided by ABAQUS.The numerical results are verified with the existing experimental data that are designed to ensure the validation of such numerical model using FEM and it obtains good agreements between numerical results and experimental data. Then the material parameters are analyzed in both static and dynamic condition.According to the analysis,it is clear that critical friction angle,initial void ratio and minimum void ratio have an obvious effect on static lateral pressure while all the material parameters affect dynamic lateral pressure at different levels. In addition,differences of silo wall between elastic and plastic state are analyzed in dynamic condition. The numerical results show that it contributes to increasing dynamic pressure when silo wall enters into the plastic state. Finally,this paper discusses the time-history lateral pressure at different heights along silo wall,and analytical results indicate that larger acceleration values play main roles in producing the maximum lateral pressure at higher part of the silo wall.

PRESSURE DROP OF PSEUDO-PLASTIC FLUIDS IN STATIC MIXERS

1 INTRODUCTIONUse of static mixers to process non-Newtonian fluids is quite commn.Data on thepressure drop of non-Newtonian fluids in Kenics static mixers are very useful in thedesign and engineering application of such mixers.However,only a few studies con-cerned with the pressure drop of non-Newtonian fluid flow in static ndxers can befound in literature.Wilkinson and Cliff presented pressure drop data for aqueousglycerine solutions(Newtonian fluids)and aqueous 1% polyacrylamide solution showingviscoelastic behavior.They found no difference between the friction factors of

一种小动静比橡胶隔振器仿真与试验

通过隔振器内部结构设计,在保证承载能力的同时降低橡胶隔振器的动态刚度。开展橡胶隔振器的静态变形、在给定静变形下的动态仿真分析,表明该隔振器在静态力-位移曲线上具有负斜率特性,对应隔振器内部结构的失稳变形;进行隔振器的静压试验、动态试验和隔振系统中的振动传递试验,结果表明,静态力-位移曲线试验结果呈现负斜率特性,在静态曲线上不同工作点处的固有频率呈现负斜率处最小的特性。

Effect of Manufacturing Errors on Static Characteristics of Externally Pressurized Spherical Air Bearings

Externally pressurized spherical air bearings are the key component of the three-axis air bearing table, and the manufacturing errors of the bearing affects the performance of the air bearing table. However, the manufacturing errors are unavoidable, and the pursuit to enhance the manufacturing accuracy will increase the cost greatly. In order to provide some theoretical guideline for the tolerance choice in the design of the externally pressurized spherical air bearings with inherent compensation, the effects of several manufacturing errors on the static characteristics of the air bearing are studied. Due to the complex geometry of the computational domain, an unstructured meshing technology is used for mesh generation. A finite-volume method is adopted to discretize the three-dimensional steady-state compressible Navier-Stokes equations. A modified SIMPLE algorithm which is suitable for compressible flows is applied to solve the discretized governing equations. The effects of the dimension error and the roundness error of the ball head and the ball socket on the static characteristics are investigated. The investigation result shows that the positive dimension error and the oblate spheroid-type roundness error of the ball head as well as the negative dimension error and the prolate spheroid-type roundness error of the ball socket can improve the bearing capacity and static stiffness of the air bearings by reducing the mass flow. The calculation method proposed in this paper fits well for the general principle, which can be extended to the characteristics analysis of other air bearings.

Analysis of Influence on Aerodynamic Noise of Wind Turbine Blades under Different Pitch Angles

Aiming at the influence of blade pitch Angle on aerodynamic noise of wind turbines, the sound field and flow field distribution at 0˚, 5˚, 10˚ and 15˚ are calculated by numerical simulation. Then, through the distribution of pressure field and velocity field calculated by flow field, the influence of different pitch angles on wind turbine blade aerodynamic noise and the reasons for its influence are analyzed. The results show that when the pitch Angle increases within 0˚ - 10˚, the aerodynamic noise pressure level of the blade decreases. However, the sound pressure level of aerodynamic noise increases in the range of 10˚ - 15˚. The changes of static pressure gradient and pressure pulsation on the blade surface make the aerodynamic noise change, and the changes of the two are positively correlated. At the same time, the fluid velocity and fluid motion state on the blade surface are closely related to the aerodynamic noise of the blade. The greater the fluid velocity, the more complex the fluid motion state and the greater the turbulent kinetic energy of the wind turbine blade, and the aerodynamic noise of the wind turbine blade will also increase.

黔西南金矿砂岩动静组合加载岩石力学特性研究

为探究巷道开挖后围岩不同深度切向应力不同程度的增加对围岩动力学性能的影响,采用改进的分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)试验系统,对黔西南金矿砂岩试件在0,10,20,30,40MPa的轴压下进行动静组合加载试验,旨在分析砂岩在不同轴压下的力学行为、变形特征与能量演化规律。研究发现:动静组合加载试样应力-应变曲线分为压密阶段、弹性阶段、塑性破坏和峰后阶段;轴压使得峰值应变逐渐增加,极限应变逐渐降低;动态弹性模量、动态抗压强度、应变率及各能量的演化规律均呈现以10MPa为转折点的变化规律。

K_(0)试验确定土的卸载回弹参数辨析

基于固结压缩仪和三轴仪进行K_(0)试验测得的数据,本文假设土在卸载回弹过程中表现为非线性弹性,对卸载过程中土的静止侧压力系数与超固结比关系提出了一个适用性良好的拟合函数,并由此推导出土的卸载回弹静止侧压力系数和泊松比算式,两者都会随着竖向应力的减小或超固结比的增大而增大;还推导出土的卸载回弹模量和变形模量的算式,它们都会随着竖向应力的减小和土的回弹指数的增加而减小,其中土的回弹变形模量的降低幅度因受回弹泊松比的影响而更为显著。本文对基坑开挖等卸载条件下地基土应力和变形计算的参数选取具有实用参考价值。

高压氧舱恒湿平压系统的设计

目的:设计一种高压氧舱恒湿平压系统,以消除舱内静电火花造成的危害,保证氧舱的安全运行。方法:该系统的硬件主要由加湿装置、除湿装置、平压装置、主控制器、压力传感器、温湿度传感器等组成。其中,加湿装置主体为经过特殊加工后的防爆过滤瓶;除湿装置采用工业级风机过滤单元(fan filter unit,FFU),由蒸发器、冷凝器、风轮3个部分组成;平压装置主要由电磁阀和减压管路组成;主控制器选用EX3G-C系列PLC触摸屏一体机,温湿度传感器选用NWSF-1AT型号温湿度传感器,压力传感器选用TXYS-G1K2HN3型变送器。系统的软件控制程序采用指令表语言编程,通过PID(proportional-integral-derivative)控制算法实现整体控制。结果:经过测试,该系统可使高压氧舱内相对湿度恒定在70%,使舱内极难产生静电。结论:该系统能够调节氧舱内的湿度、减少静电火花产生,保证舱内治疗的安全。

舱室内爆下舰船结构损伤的一种计算方法

为了评估舱室内爆多载荷耦合作用下舰船结构的损伤范围,设计了大尺度舱段模型,并开展了舱室内爆毁伤试验,试验后测量了舱室结构的破坏范围及破坏模式,分析了舱室内爆多载荷耦合作用下舰船结构的损伤机理,据此建立了舱室内爆下舰船结构损伤的计算方法。结果表明:(1)舱室内爆下形成的强冲击波载荷和准静态压力载荷可对舰船结构造成大范围的损伤,形成多种破坏模式;(2)舱室内爆下准静态压力载荷是舱室结构损伤破坏的主要毁伤元;(3)建立的舱室内爆载荷下结构损伤变形计算方法可同时考虑强冲击载荷和准静态压力载荷对结构的损伤破坏,理论计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。

改良俯卧位通气对急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者呼吸功能及预后的影响

目的 探究改良俯卧位通气对急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者血流动力学、呼吸动力学及预后的影响。方法 前瞻性选取河南大学第一附属医院2020年3月至2022年6月收治的98例ARDS患者作为研究对象,通过随机数字表法分为A、B组。通过随机及前瞻性平行对照临床研究,评价不同通气方式在ARDS患者中的作用,其中A组52例接受改良式俯卧位通气,B组46例接受传统俯卧位通气。对比两组患者干预前、干预后(俯卧位通气4 h后)血流动力学[心率(HR)、平均动脉压、中心静脉压]、呼吸动力学指标[气道阻力、静态肺顺应性(Cst)]、氧合指数及腹腔压力的变化。比较两组患者不良事件发生情况,对所有患者进行3个月随访,比较两组患者病死率情况。结果 (1)A组机械通气时间低于B组,撤机成功率高于B组(P<0.05);(2)干预后,两组患者HR均较干预前上升,干预前后差值具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)干预后,两组Cst水平均较干预前上升且A组高于B组,干预前后差值具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(4)干预后,两组腹腔压力均较治疗前上升且A组低于B组,干预前后差值具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(5)A组不良事件总发生率[7.69%(4/52)]低于B组[23.91%(11/46)](P<0.05);(6)随访3个月结果显示,A组病死率[23.08%(12/52)]低于B组[43.48%(20/46)](P<0.05)。结论 改良俯卧位通气对ARDS血流动力学、呼吸动力学及相关指标均有显著的改善效果,不良事件的发生率较低且预后状况良好,值得临床参考借鉴。

带均压槽的多孔集成节流静压气体轴承静态性能分析

为了提升静压气体轴承的静态性能并探究其变化规律,文章研究了一种带均压槽的多孔集成节流静压气体轴承。通过推导气体润滑控制方程建立数学模型,并通过编程软件对离散化的控制方程进行求解计算,分析不同节流孔数量、供气压力、均压槽槽宽和均压槽槽深对静压气体轴承静态性能的影响规律。结果表明:与无均压槽多孔集成节流静压气体轴承相比,带均压槽的静压气体轴承承载力和刚度有了明显的提高;同时节流孔数量对带均压槽的多孔集成节流静压气体轴承的承载力影响显著,但孔数增加到一定程度后承载力增速减缓;均压槽槽宽对其承载力影响较小;均压槽槽深和供气压力对静压气体轴承的静态性能有明显影响。

高温界面接触热阻试验

飞行器组件之间不可避免地存在接触热阻,接触热阻的准确获取对热结构细节设计至关重要。针对高温、高压同时作用下接触热阻测量的难题,基于静态热流法自主研制了高温界面接触热阻测量装置。该装置能够有效测得给定界面压力、最高热面温度1500℃固体结构界面间的接触热阻。利用该装置,成功开展了三类热结构组件高温界面接触热阻测量试验,获得了压力、温度和界面粗糙度对结构界面接触热阻的影响规律。试验结果表明,测量装置稳定可靠、温度和压力载荷模拟精度高、试验易实施,试验结果可以为飞行器热结构设计与工程应用提供依据。