Free vibration and buckling analysis of polymeric composite beams reinforced by functionally graded bamboo fbers

Natural fibers have been extensively researched as reinforcement materials in polymers on account of their environmental and economic advantages in comparison with synthetic fibers in the recent years.Bamboo fibers are renowned for their good mechanical properties,abundance,and short cycle growth.As beams are one of the fundamental structural components and are susceptible to mechanical loads in engineering applications,this paper performs a study on the free vibration and buckling responses of bamboo fiber reinforced composite(BFRC)beams on the elastic foundation.Three different functionally graded(FG)layouts and a uniform one are the considered distributions for unidirectional long bamboo fibers across the thickness.The elastic properties of the composite are determined with the law of mixture.Employing Hamilton’s principle,the governing equations of motion are obtained.The generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM)is then applied to the equations to obtain the results.The achieved outcomes exhibit that the natural frequency and buckling load values vary as the fiber volume fractions and distributions,elastic foundation stiffness values,and boundary conditions(BCs)and slenderness ratio of the beam change.Furthermore,a comparative study is conducted between the derived analysis outcomes for BFRC and homogenous polymer beams to examine the effectiveness of bamboo fibers as reinforcement materials,demonstrating the significant enhancements in both vibration and buckling responses,with the exception of natural frequencies for cantilever beams on the Pasternak foundation with the FG-◇fiber distribution.Eventually,the obtained analysis results of BFRC beams are also compared with those for carbon nanotube reinforced composite(CNTRC)beams found in the literature,indicating that the buckling loads and natural frequencies of BFRC beams are lower than those of CNTRC beams.

Mixed finite element and differential quadrature method for free and forced vibration and buckling analysis of rectangular plates

This paper presents a combined application of the finite element method （FEM） and the differential quadrature method （DQM） to vibration and buckling problems of rectangular plates. The proposed scheme combines the geometry flexibility of the FEM and the high accuracy and efficiency of the DQM. The accuracy of the present method is demonstrated by comparing the obtained results with those available in the literature. It is shown that highly accurate results can be obtained by using a small number of finite elements and DQM sample points. The proposed method is suitable for the problems considered due to its simplicity and potential for further development.

Size-dependent effect on biaxial and shear nonlinear buckling analysis of nonlocal isotropic and orthotropic micro-plate based on surface stress and modified couple stress theories using differential quadrature method

The size-dependent effect on the biaxial and shear nonlinear buckling analysis of an isotropic and orthotropic micro-plate based on the surface stress, the modified couple stress theory （MCST）, and the nonlocal elasticity theories using the differential quadrature method （DQM） is presented. Main advantages of the MCST over the classical theory （CT） are the inclusion of the asymmetric couple stress tensor and the consideration of only one material length scale parameter. Based on the nonlinear von Karman assumption, the governing equations of equilibrium for the micro-classical plate consid- ering midplane displacements are derived based on the minimum principle of potential energy. Using the DQM, the biaxial and shear critical buckling loads of the micro-plate for various boundary conditions are obtained. Accuracy of the obtained results is validated by comparing the solutions with those reported in the literature. A parametric study is conducted to show the effects of the aspect ratio, the side-to-thickness ratio, Eringen＇s nonlocal parameter, the material length scale parameter, Young＇s modulus of the surface layer, the surface residual stress, the polymer matrix coefficients, and various boundary conditions on the dimensionless uniaxial, biaxial, and shear critical buckling loads. The results indicate that the critical buckling loads are strongly sensitive to Eringen＇s nonlocal parameter, the material length scale parameter, and the surface residual stress effects, while the effect of Young＇s modulus of the surface layer on the critical buckling load is negligible. Also, considering the size dependent effect causes the increase in the stiffness of the orthotropic micro-plate. The results show that the critical biaxial buckling load increases with an increase in G12/E2 and vice versa for E1/E2. It is shown that the nonlinear biaxial buckling ratio decreases as the aspect ratio increases and vice versa for the buckling amplitude. Because of the most lightweight micro-composite materials with high strength/weight and stiffness/weight ratios, it is anticipated that the results of the present work are useful in experimental characterization of the mechanical properties of micro-composite plates in the aircraft industry and other engineering applications.

Buckling analysis of super-long rock-socketed filling piles in soft soil area by element free Galerkin method

In order to discuss the buckling stability of super-long rock-socketed filling piles widely used in bridge engineering in soft soil area such as Dongting Lake, the second stability type was adopted instead of traditional first type, and a newly invented numerical analysis method, i.e. the element-free Galerkin method (EFGM), was introduced to consider the non-concordant deformation and nonlinearity of the pile-soil interface. Then, based on the nonlinear elastic-ideal plastic pile-soil interface model, a nonlinear iterative algorithm was given to analyze the pile-soil interaction, and a program for buckling analysis of piles by the EFGM (PBAP-EFGM) and arc length method was worked out as well. The application results in an engineering example show that, the shape of pile top load-settlement curve obtained by the program agrees well with the measured one, of which the difference may be caused mainly by those uncertain factors such as possible initial defects of pile shaft and the eccentric loading during the test process. However, the calculated critical load is very close with the measured ultimate load of the test pile, and the corresponding relative error is only 5.6%, far better than the calculated values by linear and nonlinear incremental buckling analysis (with a greater relative error of 37.0% and 15.4% respectively), which also verifies the rationality and feasibility of the present method.

VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF PERFORATED THIN PLATES AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR BUCKLING AND POST-BUCKLING ANALYSIS

On the basis of the general theory of perforated thin plates under large deflections, variational principles with deflection w and stress function F as variables are stated in detail.Based on these princi- ples,finite element method is established for analysing the buckling and post-buckling of perforated thin plates. It is found that the property of element is very complicated,owing to the multiple connexity of the region.

Machine Learning-Based Seismic Fragility Analysis of Large-Scale Steel Buckling Restrained Brace Frames

Steel frames equipped with buckling restrained braces(BRBs)have been increasingly applied in earthquake-prone areas given their excellent capacity for resisting lateral forces.Therefore,special attention has been paid to the seismic risk assessment(SRA)of such structures,e.g.,seismic fragility analysis.Conventional approaches,e.g.,nonlinear finite element simulation(NFES),are computationally inefficient for SRA analysis particularly for large-scale steel BRB frame structures.In this study,amachine learning(ML)-based seismic fragility analysis framework is established to effectively assess the risk to structures under seismic loading conditions.An optimal artificial neural network model can be trained using calculated damage and intensity measures,a technique which will be used to compute the fragility curves of a steel BRB frame instead of employing NFES.Numerical results show that a highly efficient instantaneous failure probability assessment can be made with the proposed framework for realistic large-scale building structures.

Assessment of buckling-restrained braced frame reliability using an experimental limit-state model and stochastic dynamic analysis

Buckling-restrained braces （BRBs） have recently become popular in the United States for use as primary members of seismic lateral-force-resisting systems. A BRB is a steel brace that does not buckle in compression but instead yields in both tension and compression. Although design guidelines for BRB applications have been developed, systematic procedures for assessing performance and quantifying reliability are still needed. This paper presents an analytical framework for assessing buckling-restrained braced frame （BRBF） reliability when subjected to seismic loads. This framework efficiently quantifies the risk of BRB failure due to low-cycle fatigue fracture of the BRB core. The procedure includes a series of components that： （1） quantify BRB demand in terms of BRB core deformation histories generated through stochastic dynamic analyses; （2） quantify the limit-state of a BRB in terms of its remaining cumulative plastic ductility capacity based on an experimental database; and （3） evaluate the probability of BRB failure, given the quantified demand and capacity, through structural reliability analyses. Parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effects of the seismic load, and characteristics of the BRB and BRBF on the probability of brace failure. In addition, fragility curves （i.e., conditional probabilities of brace failure given ground shaking intensity parameters） were created by the proposed framework. While the framework presented in this paper is applied to the assessment of BRBFs, the modular nature of the framework components allows for application to other structural components and systems.

A Symplectic Method of Numerical Simulation on Local Buckling for Cylindrical Long Shells under Axial Pulse Loads

In this paper,the local buckling of cylindrical long shells is discussed under axial pulse loads in a Hamiltonian system.Using this system,critical loads and modes of buckling of shells are reduced to symplectic eigenvalues and eigensolutions respectively.By the symplectic method,the solution of the local buckling of shells can be employed to the expansion series of symplectic eigensolutions in this system.As a result,relationships between critical buckling loads and other factors,such as length of pulse load,thickness of shells and circumferential orders,have been achieved.At the same time,symmetric and unsymmetric buckling modes have been discuss.Moreover,numerical results show that modes of post-buckling of shells can be Bamboo node-type,bending type,concave type and so on.Research in this paper provides analytical supports for ultimate load prediction and buckling failure assessment of cylindrical long shells under local axial pulse loads.

Mechanical analysis of double-layered circular graphene sheets as building material embedded in an elastic medium

Possessing the unique and highly valuable properties, graphene sheets(GSs) have attracted increasing attention including that from the building engineer due to the fact that Graphene can be utilized to reinforce concrete and other building materials. In this work, the nonlocal elastic theory and classical plate theory(CLPT) are used to derive the governing equations. The element-free framework for analyzing the buckling behaviors of double layer circular graphene sheets(DLCGSs) relying on an elastic medium is proposed. Pasternak-type model is adopted to describe the elastic medium. Accordingly, the influences of boundary conditions, size of GSs and nonlocal parameters on the buckling behavior of DLCGSs are investigated. The results show that the OP buckling modes are only sensible to the van der Waals forces.

Steel Design by Advanced Analysis: Material Modeling and Strain Limits

Structural analysis of steel frames is typically performed using beam elements. Since these elements are unable to explicitly capture the local buckling behavior of steel cross-sections, traditional steel design specifications use the concept of cross-section classification to determine the extent to which the strength and deformation capacity of a cross-section are affected by local buckling. The use of plastic design methods are restricted to Class 1 cross-sections, which possess sufficient rotation capacity for plastic hinges to develop and a collapse mechanism to form. Local buckling prevents the development of plastic hinges with such rotation capacity for cross-sections of higher classes and, unless computationally demanding shell elements are used, elastic analysis is required. However, this article demonstrates that local buckling can be mimicked effectively in beam elements by incorporating the continuous strength method (CSM) strain limits into the analysis. Furthermore, by performing an advanced analysis that accounts for both geometric and material nonlinearities, no additional design checks are required. The positive influence of the strain hardening observed in stocky cross-sections can also be harnessed, provided a suitably accurate stress–strain relationship is adopted;a quad-linear material model for hot-rolled steels is described for this purpose. The CSM strain limits allow cross-sections of all slenderness to be analyzed in a consistent advanced analysis framework and to benefit from the appropriate level of load redistribution. The proposed approach is applied herein to individual members, continuous beams, and frames, and is shown to bring significant benefits in terms of accuracy and consistency over current steel design specifications.

模块化防屈曲钢板墙抗震性能

考虑经济性和便利性,提出了模块化防屈曲钢板墙及其常用模数,然后基于已有的防屈曲钢板墙的简化计算模型,推导了在不同墙数量情况下,模块化防屈曲钢板墙充分发挥抗震性能时,周边梁的承载力和刚度需求,并提出了周边梁的设计方法.进而,对模块化防屈曲钢板墙和整体墙进行了对比验证试验及其有限元模拟分析.研究结果表明:模块化防屈曲钢板墙能够达到与整体钢板墙相同的抗震性能,且周边梁未发生明显转动和破坏,说明所提出的周边梁设计方法是合理的;在层间位移角为1/50时,防屈曲钢板墙上下周边梁均未进入塑性,且承载力和初始刚度等的有限元值与试验值误差小于6%,从而进一步验证了其抗震性能.

基于同伦分析方法和神经网络的复杂腐蚀缺陷海底管道屈曲压力计算方法

针对含复杂形状腐蚀缺陷海底管道屈曲压力计算难的问题,本研究中采用同伦分析方法对含复杂腐蚀缺陷海底管道的屈曲压力进行了计算,并用有限元方法进行了对比验证,进而根据计算结果提出了基于神经网络模型的海底管道屈曲压力的计算方法。结果显示:同伦分析方法可以有效、准确地计算含复杂腐蚀缺陷海底管道的屈曲压力,在相同情况下抛物线形腐蚀管道的临界屈曲压力大于椭圆形管道的临界屈曲压力。基于神经网络模型的腐蚀海底管道屈曲压力计算方法具有良好的泛化性能,可以很好地应用于工程现场的计算。

高温下焊接Q960钢H形截面柱局部稳定设计方法

为考察焊接Q960钢H形截面轴心受压柱局部稳定性能,采用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型,经试验数据验证后,分析翼缘宽厚比、腹板高厚比、构件温度、构件长细比、初始几何缺陷和残余应力等参数对焊接Q960钢H形截面轴心受压柱局部屈曲强度的影响。研究表明,轴心受压柱的局部屈曲承载力主要与截面尺寸及构件温度有关。采用多国规范对试验试件的局部屈曲承载力进行计算,发现现有规范的设计方法不适用于高温下焊接Q960钢H形截面轴心受压柱局部屈曲承载力的计算。根据有限元分析结果提出焊接Q960钢H形截面轴心受压柱局部屈曲设计方法,与试验数据和有限元分析结果的对比表明所提方法能较准确地计算焊接Q960钢H形截面轴心受压柱不同温度下的局部屈曲承载力。

含连续不均匀椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳分析

为研究外压作用下轴向连续不均匀残余缺陷对海底管道屈曲承载能力的影响,本文基于数值仿真方法研究了轴向含均匀、单峰以及双峰椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳行为,利用弧长法求解管道的屈曲压力,并与DNV-OS-F101规范计算结果进行对比,研究验证了DNV规范预测轴向含非均匀椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力的保守性,分析了轴向含连续不均匀椭圆缺陷管道屈曲失稳的激发位置及影响参数。研究结果表明:轴向含连续不均匀椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力主要由均匀椭圆度以及最大局部椭圆度决定,各缺陷间距范围内屈曲压力变化规律各不相同,且上升下降幅度受椭圆缺陷间距与最大椭圆度间耦合作用影响。

海上风电单柱复合筒基础屈曲特性研究

为加深海上风电单柱复合筒基础屈曲特性研究,本文以海上风电单柱复合筒基础屈曲特性为研究对象,使用ABAQUS建立海上风电单柱复合筒基础结构,通过使用线性屈曲计算方法,对3种模型在不同下沉深度及径高比下的屈曲特征值及屈曲变形分布形态变化进行分析,并考虑初始缺陷,采用非线性屈曲计算的方法对实际工程中的结构屈曲值进行了计算,为工程设计提供参考。结果表明:下沉深度、径高比、初始缺陷对海上风电单柱复合筒基础周向屈曲负压值有着不同程度的影响,在径高比较大时,屈曲受初始缺陷影响较小,结构的屈曲应力值会随着下沉深度的增加而增大。同时对美国海军试验水槽计算公式进行了修正,得到适用于预测不同下沉深度时结构的周向屈曲值的拟合公式。

轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳分析

由铺设、非均匀海床支撑和落物撞击引起的海底管道缺陷往往是轴向非均匀、非一致且多处分布的。出于简化分析的需要,一般将轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳分析模型简化为轴向含均匀椭圆缺陷管道或轴向含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道。但针对这三种模型计算结果的差异及其工程适用性的研究仍然较少。本文基于数值仿真方法研究含三种椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳行为,利用RIKS方法求解管道的屈曲压力,并与DNVOS-F101计算结果进行对比,重点分析轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道屈曲失稳的激发位置及影响参数。研究结果表明,含不同椭圆缺陷管道模型所求解的屈曲压力差异明显,其大小顺序为:含均匀椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力<DNV规范理论解<含多处椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力<含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力。对于轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳分析,若简化为轴向均匀椭圆缺陷管道模型则偏于保守,简化为轴向含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道模型则偏于危险。轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力受到椭圆缺陷大小、椭圆缺陷间距和椭圆缺陷长度的综合影响。

冷弯薄壁型钢T形拼合柱轴压性能研究与承载力计算

冷弯薄壁型钢(CFS)全螺栓垫板连接T形拼合柱是一种新型拼合截面柱,在全螺栓连接框架结构中承受集中荷载。目前关于全螺栓连接T形CFS拼合柱轴心受力性能的研究报道较少。基于已有的试验研究成果,建立准确可靠的T形CFS拼合柱数值分析模型,选取构件长细比、板材厚度、垫板的纵向间距等参数,研究在轴压作用下各重要参数对T形CFS拼合柱极限承载力和屈曲模态的影响。结果表明:随着长细比的增大,T形CFS拼合柱的屈曲模式由局部与畸变相关屈曲逐渐转变为整体屈曲,当长细比<104.7时,长细比变化对构件承载力的影响不明显;板厚对构件的承载力变化具有显著影响,在长细比较大的情况下可以改变构件的屈曲模式;垫板的纵向间距对构件的承载力和屈曲模式影响较小,不同垫板纵向间距的构件极限承载力变化均在4.5%以内。最后,将试验和数值分析结果与北美规范中直接强度法计算的名义承载力对比,评估直接强度法对于此类拼合柱承载力计算的适用性。

某388m超高层建筑的侧移刚度与整体稳定性分析

通过某带伸臂桁架和环带桁架加强层的边筒-周边框架体系超高层结构工程设计实例,讨论了高层建筑结构侧移刚度和整体稳定性分析方法。指出在计算结构侧移刚度时应考虑楼板面内有限刚度、地下室结构构件变形、混凝土抗侧向力结构构件开裂刚度折减及二阶效应,从而得到更准确的结构侧移变形和最低阶整体屈曲荷载因子。提出了利用弯矩-曲率分析方法,并根据构件实际受力状态,迭代计算混凝土抗侧向力结构构件的开裂刚度折减系数。比较了中国、欧盟及美国规范关于整体稳定性分析的计算方法,提出在进行整体稳定性分析时,应考虑各种不利因素,从而准确评估二阶效应。讨论了高层建筑在正常使用极限状态下层间位移角限值的取值,并介绍了美国规范对层间位移角的计算方法和限值的建议。详细论述了当前中国规程中关于侧移刚度分析的不足并提出建议,以期为相关类似工程设计提供参考。

AN IMPROVED M-C METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION TO STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY

An improved Monte-Carlo method for the failure calculation of structure is proposed.The present method can determine whether some sample points are in the safe region without doing structural analysis,so the calculation work is greatly reduced compared with the ordinary M-C method.Finally,the new M-C method is applied to reliability analysis of frame and the torsional buckling reliability analysis of cylindrical shells.

框架-剪力墙双重抗侧力体系柱计算长度系数研究

针对框架-剪力墙双重抗侧力体系,通过刚度特征值综合反映框架与剪力墙的侧向刚度,考察其对框架剪力分担率与屈曲荷载的影响。建立了高度为48 m、72 m、96 m和120 m四个计算模型,分别采用有限元法和简化方法计算结构的屈曲荷载与框架柱的计算长度系数。刚度特征值可以综合反映框架与剪力墙相对刚度以及结构高度的影响,特征刚度值越大,框架分担的剪力也随之增大。框架屈曲荷载修正系数γ可以用于定量表征框架受到剪力墙侧向支撑作用强弱的程度,γ随着结构高度增大迅速减小。当框架-剪力墙高度较大时,其框架部分的屈曲荷载可能低于相应纯框架的屈曲荷载,说明此时框架部分为剪力墙提供了侧向支撑。计算结果表明:对于纯框架,按结构标准层分段加载有限元分析得到柱的计算长度系数在各标准层范围内保持不变,且各标准层之间差异不大;基于同层柱相互支援的修正《钢结构设计标准》法,得到柱的计算长度系数与分段加载有限元分析的结果较为接近,两者误差为−9.5%~14.2%。框架-剪力墙柱的计算长度系数介于无侧移框架与有侧移框架之间;随着结构高度增大,其值与纯框架的计算结果逐渐接近;修正《钢结构设计标准》法得到的计算长度系数与分段加载有限元分析的结果较为接近。由于柱的轴力随楼层高度增大逐渐减小,根据欧拉公式计算得到柱的计算长度系数不断增大,说明逐层加载有限元模型在确定柱计算长度系数方面存在局限性。该文方法可供框架-剪力墙双重抗侧力体系确定框架柱计算长度系数时参考。