Internal Force Analysis Due to the Supporting Translation in Statically (Indeterminate) Structures for Different Elastic Modulus

For statically indeterminate structure, the internal force will be changed with the translation of the supports, because the internal force is related to the absolute value of the stiffness EI. When the tension is different with the compression modulus, EI is the function of internal force and is not constant any more that is different from classic mechanics. In the other words, it is a nonlinear problem to calculate the internal force. The expression for neutral axis of the statically indeterminate structure was derived in the paper. The iterative program for nonlinear internal force was compiled. One case study was presented to illustrate the difference between the results using the different modulus theory and the single modulus theory as in classical mechanics. Finally, some reasonable suggestions were made for the different modulus structures.

A Two-Stage Method for an Approximate Calculation of Statically Indeterminate Trusses

The paper presents the principles of a method, which in two simple stages makes possible to carry out the statically calculation of values of forces acting in the fiat static indeterminate trusses. In each stage, it is considered the static determinate truss, scheme of which is obtained after remove the suitable number of members from the basic static indeterminate truss. The both intermediate statically determinate trusses are of the same clear span and they are loaded by forces of half values applied to the corresponding truss nodes. The method applies one of the typical procedures of calculation of the statically determinate trusses and then it is applied in an appropriate way the rule of superposition for obtaining the final values of forces acting in particular members of the basic truss. The values of forces calculated in this way are of a very close approximation to the force values determined in the special and complex ways being considered as the exact calculation methods. The proposed method can be useful mostly but not only for the initial structural design of such systems. The simplicity of the two-stage method justifies an assumption that it can be relatively easy and worthy to adjust to the requirements of the computer aided technology of statically calculation of the complex forms of trusses.

A Study of Variable Structure SVC Controller

This paper presents a design method of a variable structure svc controller. Its control principle is easy to realize, and it is not related to the parameters of the power network and operation conditions. The result of computer simulation shows that the proposed controller can improve the system's damping performance effctively.

Examples of Application of Principle of Superposition in the Design of Structural Systems and in Static Analyses

The paper presents general description of combined structural system and initial analysis of an innovative system proposed as the main support structure for tall or heavy loaded buildings located on subsoil of very small load-carrying ability or in earthquake areas. Moreover there is presented also an innovative two-stage method of the approximate calculation of the statically indeterminate trusses. Both are invented by the author by application of the principles of the superposition method.

Characteristics of Statically Indeterminate Symmetric Flexure Structures

Statically indeterminate symmetric(SIS)flexure structures are symmetric structures with“clamped-clamped”boundary conditions.The static indeterminacy and topological symmetry significantly attenuate the parasitic motions associated with statically determinate flexure structures.Hence,SIS flexure structures feature decoupled linear and angular motions,improved motion accuracy,high stiffness,and high stability.Although SIS flexure structures have been more frequently utilized as prismatic joints,they can also be utilized as revolute joints.This study systematically investigates the characteristics of SIS flexure structures.Based on the unified compliance models of a single flexure hinge,analytical compliance models of two fundamental types of SIS flexure structures are established.In 1-degree-of-freedom or planar applications,multiple SIS-based structures can also be integrated into various configurations to transmit linear or angular motions.Corresponding stiffness models are also established.The characteristics and possible applications of the SIS flexure structures are computationally investigated through case studies.Ultimately,several SIS prototypes are manufactured,and the modeling accuracy of the established stiffness models is experimentally verified.

THE APPLICATIONS OF GENERALIZED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES IN NONLINEAR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

This paper discusses the generalized variational principles founded by the technique of Lagrangian multipliers in structural mechanics and analyzes the nonlinear statically indeterminate structures. It is assumed that the stress-strain relationship of the materials of structures has the form of namely, the physical equations of structures have the shape of exponential functions. Several examples are given to illustrate the statically indeterminate structures such as the trusses, beams, frames and torsional bars.

Bucket Group Effect of the Composite Multi-bucket Structure

As a novel type of foundation in beach and shallow sea, the bucket structure is especially suitable for complex conditions such as soft clay ground and the worse types of sea environments. In this paper, the bearing capacity of a multi-bucket structure is studied by experiments with a single bucket and four-bucket foundation in a saturated sand layer. Based on the experimental data and numerical analysis results, the bearing capacity behavior and the bucket group effect are compared and analyzed. Furthermore, some influential factors, such as the soil type, the ratio of length to diameter L/D, the ratio of the bucket spacing to the bucket diameter S/D, and the bucket number are introduced and their effects on the multi-bucket structural capacity are investigated. The vertical static capacity adjustment factor is introduced to evaluate the bucket group effects of the multi-bucket foundation.

京津冀科技创新投入对产业结构高级化的影响

京津冀科技创新对于推动京津冀地区产业结构高级化提供了有力支撑。通过明确京津冀科技创新投入对产业结构高级化影响的被解释变量、解释变量和控制变量,确定京津冀科技创新投入对产业结构高级化影响的指标。构建京津冀科技创新投入对产业结构高级化影响的静态回归模型和动态回归模型,利用2009—2020年面板数据,深入开展京津冀地区科技创新投入对产业结构高级化影响的对比研究。结果表明:京津冀整体的科技创新投入对其产业结构高级化的影响显著,科技创新投入增加能显著促进产业结构高级化;京津冀科技创新投入对产业结构高级化的影响程度存在显著的空间差异,经济发展水平显著影响地区科技创新投入对产业结构高级化的促进力度;考虑控制变量,区域对外开放水平显著抑制地区产业结构高级化,人力资本水平与政府支持力度对地区产业结构高级化影响存在显著空间差异。根据研究结果,提出京津冀科技创新推动产业结构高级化的对策建议。

基于模型预测静态规划的高速多体船减纵摇控制

为解决在海浪扰动下高速多体船的垂向稳定性变差问题,提出一种基于模型预测静态规划的减纵摇控制方法。考虑高速多体船模型不确定性、海浪噪声不符合高斯白噪声分布特点,根据噪声信息和误差信息设计平滑变结构滤波器,在线估计多体船的升沉速度、纵摇角速度,并将其引入到减摇控制中。在此基础上,基于模型预测静态规划提出多体船的减摇控制,采用终端偏差修正的求解方式,迭代更新控制输入,降低计算复杂度。最后,仿真实验表明了所提方法能有效抑制过大的升沉和纵摇运动幅度,以及减摇控制计算负荷小的优越性。

转轮式反应容器支撑辊子强度计算与结构改进设计

一种超静定结构转轮式反应容器采用8个辊子支撑。本文提出了一种辊子强度计算方法,为支撑系统优化提供理论依据。首先根据极限支撑情况将超静定结构简化为静定结构计算支反力;再针对超静定结构,建立静力平衡方程和变形协调方程求解辊子支反力,进而根据弯曲和接触理论确定辊子最大弯曲应力和接触应力;并通过有限元计算通过实验得到部分工况下辊子的最大弯曲应力。将实验结果和有限元结果与理论计算结果进行对比,并针对辊子出现的应力集中现象,提出结构改进方案。结果对比表明所提出的应力计算方法和结构改进方案可行。

拉钩筋自动弯折装置设计与分析

针对当前拉钩筋装配化施工安装工艺需求,设计一种拉钩筋弯折装置。基于拉钩筋弯折工艺试验,提出了具有夹紧和弯折功能的装置构型。基于弯折装置结构特点,通过理论分析的方法建立了夹紧和弯折机构的运动学模型。基于弯折机构使用和设计要求,采用虚拟样机技术对弯折机构进行多体动力学和有限元结构静力学仿真分析。结果表明:弯折机构在运动过程中动作平滑,各杆件结构强度和刚度在合理范围之内,满足机构运动的平顺性和机械结构的可靠性要求。设计了弯折驱动液压缸电液位置控制系统,通过仿真验证了控制系统的可行性。最后,通过试验对弯折装置使用性能进行验证,结果表明:拉钩筋弯折装置整体结构性能满足设计和工程要求,极大提升了拉钩筋安装效率,达到预期目标。

磁控电渣重熔对M2高速钢凝固组织及力学性能的影响

本文在M2高速钢的电渣重熔过程中施加了横向稳恒磁场,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和金属夹杂物分析仪等方法检测了外加横向静磁场对M2高速钢电渣锭凝固组织、夹杂物及力学性能的影响。结果表明,应用横向静磁场后M2电渣锭的凝固组织得到改善,其中,晶粒生长角由52.03°降低至21.99°;熔池深度由44.2 mm降低至18.8 mm;共晶碳化物尺寸得到了细化,粗大的网状聚集得到破碎。夹杂物的去除效率得到了提升,在4 mm^(2)的检测区域内,夹杂物的数量由2119个降低至1064个。电渣锭横/纵截面的硬度均匀性均获得了提升。分析认为,外加横向稳恒磁场与重熔电流交互作用产生的电磁振荡效应减小了金属熔滴的尺寸,促进熔滴分散滴入金属熔池,使得熔池中的温度分布更加均匀,形成更加浅平的金属熔池。同时,更加浅平的金属熔池减小了局部凝固时间,抑制了共晶碳化物生长的动力学条件,从而获得更加细小的碳化物尺寸。外加横向静磁场在液膜层-熔滴-熔池三阶段强化去除作用提升了夹杂物去除效率。

液压支架大流量换向阀稳态液动力计算与补偿方法

针对液压支架换向阀元件复杂结构形成不规则流道,传统一次动量定理不能精确求得阀芯所受液动力,以及因液动力过大或不稳定使换向阀动静态特性降低的问题,以支架换向阀主阀为研究对象,在分析其结构组成与工作原理基础上,提出一种全流域控制体积划分方式。运用多次动量定理,分别分析了每个控制体积内动量变化量,考虑阀芯上下游元件结构参数对阀芯液动力数值的影响,较为精确的推导出阀芯所受稳态液动力公式,并进行理论计算。通过分析公式,得出对阀内元件结构参数进行优化的方法来补偿稳态液动力并用CFD方法模拟了稳态液动力随阀芯开度变化规律。结果表明:结构参数优化后阀芯所受液动力峰值与变化幅度均较原结构低,将阀套内径结构优化后,液动力峰值与变化幅度较原结构降低了56.25%与48.12%;将回液阀芯顶杆直径优化后,液动力峰值与变化幅度较原结构降低了28.79%与32.71%;将回液阀芯端面倾角优化后,液动力峰值与变化幅度较原结构降低了31.87%与37.16%,有效缓解了支架换向阀阀芯所受稳态液动力使阀动静态性能降低的问题。

基于故障穿越演化特性的SVG电磁暂态模型测辨方法

建立准确的静止无功发生器(static var generators,SVG)白盒电磁暂态仿真模型是分析电网电压稳定特性的前提。然而,由于SVG的控制器结构和参数保密,其建模大都基于典型控制结构和参数,模型的暂态输出特性与实际差异较大。针对上述问题,提出了基于SVG厂家封装黑盒模型故障穿越(fault ride-through,FRT)演化特性的电磁暂态模型测辨方法。首先,分析了厂家黑盒模型的拓扑特征,通过多工况故障穿越响应测试,厘清了其故障穿越演化特性。然后,通过分析不同控制环节暂态切换过程对SVG故障穿越响应特性的影响和作用途径,提出了基于SVG故障穿越响应演化形态的控制器结构辨识方法。通过分析SVG不同控制环节参数对其故障穿越响应特性的分阶段作用原理,提出了基于故障穿越响应幅值的控制器参数分步辨识方法,形成了SVG的白盒化电磁暂态模型测辨方法体系。最后,将建立的不同型号白盒仿真模型与对应厂家黑盒模型进行了故障穿越响应特性对比分析,发现其误差远小于现行标准的允许误差,证明了提出方法的有效性和通用性。

基于力等价结构的复杂超静定结构求解新方法研究

超静定结构内力计算是结构力学课程学习的重点和难点,当超静定次数较多时,采用传统方法计算时难度极大且不易理解。本文总结提出了力等价结构思想,力等价结构与原结构在内力、变形上完全等价,基于该思想提出了复杂超静定结构内力计算的新方法,并将其应用到位移法、混合法求解多次超静定的复杂结构算例中。通过与传统方法对比,验证了所提力等价结构思想的可行性。所提方法可大大降低复杂超静定结构基本未知量的数目,简化计算过程,提高求解效率。

大跨度悬索桥桥塔横梁施工优化方法研究

在大跨度悬索桥桥塔横梁施工过程中,为保证横梁不出现受拉开裂现象,往往在横梁中布置大量预应力钢束进行分批张拉。为研究浇筑法、落架时机、预应力张拉方案不同对混凝土横梁及支架受力的影响,采用ABAQUS软件建立伶仃洋大桥桥塔横梁有限元模型,通过计算得到9种施工方案中桥塔横梁及支架在施工全过程中的受力状态,并提出受力合理、安全经济的3层浇筑施工方案。经分析发现,由横梁与塔柱组成的超静定结构,在自重及预应力荷载施加作用下,对应结构体系会因施工方案不同发生变化,从而使结构施工完成阶段内力状态与施工过程有关。采用分层浇筑法时,结构最不利受力状态可能发生在施工过程中,因此应防止施工过程中出现过大应力,导致横梁开裂或压碎。

CFRP−泡沫铝夹芯结构控制臂优化设计

为满足控制臂的轻量化设计需求,提出了一种采用碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)−泡沫铝夹芯结构的汽车悬架控制臂,并对CFRP面板进行结构优化设计.通过泡沫铝准静态压缩试验验证了泡沫铝六面体胞孔模型的准确性,利用CFRP力学性能试验获得了碳纤维复合材料的性能参数,设计一种由CFRP−泡沫铝夹芯结构本体和铝合金连接件组成的悬架控制臂,控制臂本体与连接件之间采用胶−螺混合连接.在此基础上,建立CFRP−泡沫铝夹芯结构控制臂有限元模型,利用多层次优化方法对CFRP面板进行铺层优化.结果表明,相较于钢制控制臂,优化后夹芯结构控制臂的质量减少了26%,同时强度、刚度和模态性能都有所改善.

超静定桁架的定性分析

定性结构力学好似进入瓶颈期,为推动定性结构力学的发展,针对超静定桁架进行了定性分析示例,从荷载、支座移动、制造误差、温度改变等四个方面展开分析,以变形趋势作为基本思路,把拉压杆的判断、各点位移的分析以及是否为主要受力构件等作为超静定桁架定性分析的主要指标。

主动侧杆装置机械结构设计与仿真分析

根据2自由度陀螺仪的原理设计主动杆俯仰与翻滚隔离操纵机构。从静强度、模态方面对主动杆进行仿真分析,获得操纵杆的最大变形为0.971 56 mm,最大应力为109.17 MPa,以及机架不同阶数的固有频率(522.39~1 436.9 Hz)、振动应力分布云图(X向26.624~79.871 MPa;Y向30.751~92.252 MPa;Z向28.975~86.267 MPa)。仿真结果显示:设计满足材料要求,可为下一步实验提供参考。

4X框架木箱结构内力计算方法研究

目的以重型包装运输用木质框架结构为研究对象,解决木质框架结构内力求解困难的问题。方法利用解析法,以4X框架结构为例,分别以经验简化静定桁架与无简化超静定桁架进行求解;基于ANSYS软件建立经验简化静定桁架、无简化超静定桁架、梁模型、梁杆组合模型及实体模型,并进行对比分析。结果有限元求解结果与解析法结果具有高度的一致性;经验简化静定桁架的最大轴力超过无简化超静定桁架的最大轴力15%;梁模型、梁杆组合模型及实体模型的计算结果与无简化超静定桁架的计算结果一致。结论经验法对框架结构的简化往往会导致比较大的误差,可能导致过包装设计或欠包装设计。梁杆组合模型和实体模型建模过程比较复杂,选用梁单元对木箱用框架结构进行数值计算分析,不仅计算精度高,分析处理快捷,而且对复杂工况具有较好的适应性。