随着第五代移动通信(5th generation mobile communication,5G)基站建设数量的剧增,5G基站的备用电池将是一个具有巨大潜能的储能资源。我国电力市场化改革正不断推进,研究5G基站的备用储能参与电力市场交易是实现电网和通信运营商互利...随着第五代移动通信(5th generation mobile communication,5G)基站建设数量的剧增,5G基站的备用电池将是一个具有巨大潜能的储能资源。我国电力市场化改革正不断推进,研究5G基站的备用储能参与电力市场交易是实现电网和通信运营商互利共赢的有效途径。考虑到5G基站备用储能参与电力市场的特殊性,建立了计及退化成本和可调度容量的基站储能电池模型,并将零散的基站聚合成5G基站虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)。然后,将5G基站VPP作为独立的竞价主体,构建双层的电能量-调频辅助服务市场交易决策模型,并利用KKT(Karush-Kuhn-Tucker)条件和对偶理论将双层模型转化为可解的混合整数规划问题。最后,通过算例评估了5G基站备用储能的可调度容量以及所提交易决策模型的有效性。展开更多
在新型电力系统中,亟待深度挖掘需求侧资源以提升系统灵活性和新能源消纳能力。在“新基建”背景下,5G基站作为一种新型需求侧资源正迅速发展。研究如何在保证基站备用需求的前提下,由铁塔公司组建含大规模5G基站的虚拟电厂(virtual pow...在新型电力系统中,亟待深度挖掘需求侧资源以提升系统灵活性和新能源消纳能力。在“新基建”背景下,5G基站作为一种新型需求侧资源正迅速发展。研究如何在保证基站备用需求的前提下,由铁塔公司组建含大规模5G基站的虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)并常态化参与需求响应。首先,提出了考虑储能动态备用容量的5G基站运行可行域构建方法,建立了5G基站VPP的聚合模型。然后,建立了5G基站VPP响应负荷准线的日前优化模型,提出了适合对大规模5G基站进行协调控制的日内解聚合方法。最后,建立了含高比例新能源的区域电网仿真算例。仿真结果表明,聚合大规模基站参与准线型需求响应,可以显著降低5G基站的运行成本,同时提高电网的新能源消纳能力。展开更多
Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are a collection of sensor nodes distributed in space and connected through wireless communication.The sensor nodes gather and store data about the real world around them.However,the node...Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are a collection of sensor nodes distributed in space and connected through wireless communication.The sensor nodes gather and store data about the real world around them.However,the nodes that are dependent on batteries will ultimately suffer an energy loss with time,which affects the lifetime of the network.This research proposes to achieve its primary goal by reducing energy consumption and increasing the network’s lifetime and stability.The present technique employs the hybrid Mayfly Optimization Algorithm-Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization(MFOA-EACO),where the Mayfly Optimization Algorithm(MFOA)is used to select the best cluster head(CH)from a set of nodes,and the Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization(EACO)technique is used to determine an optimal route between the cluster head and base station.The performance evaluation of our suggested hybrid approach is based on many parameters,including the number of active and dead nodes,node degree,distance,and energy usage.Our objective is to integrate MFOA-EACO to enhance energy efficiency and extend the network life of the WSN in the future.The proposed method outcomes proved to be better than traditional approaches such as Hybrid Squirrel-Flying Fox Optimization Algorithm(HSFLBOA),Hybrid Social Reindeer Optimization and Differential Evolution-Firefly Algorithm(HSRODE-FFA),Social Spider Distance Sensitive-Iterative Antlion Butterfly Cockroach Algorithm(SADSS-IABCA),and Energy Efficient Clustering Hierarchy Strategy-Improved Social Spider Algorithm Differential Evolution(EECHS-ISSADE).展开更多
The penetration of distributed energy resources(DERs) and energy-intensive resources is gradually increasing in active distribution networks(ADNs), which leads to frequent and severe voltage violation problems. As a d...The penetration of distributed energy resources(DERs) and energy-intensive resources is gradually increasing in active distribution networks(ADNs), which leads to frequent and severe voltage violation problems. As a densely distributed flexible resource in the future distribution network, 5G base station(BS) backup battery is used to regulate the voltage profile of ADN in this paper. First, the dispatchable potential of 5G BS backup batteries is analyzed. Considering the spatial-temporal characteristics of electric load for 5G BS, the dispatchable capacity of backup batteries at different time intervals is evaluated based on historical heat map data. Then, a voltage profile optimization model for ADN is established, consisting of 5G BS backup batteries and other voltage regulation resources. In this model, the charging/discharging behavior of backup batteries is based on its evaluation result of dispatchable capacity. Finally, the range of charging/discharging cost coefficients of 5G BS that benefits ADN and 5G operators are analyzed respectively. Further, an incentive policy for 5G operators is proposed. Under this policy, the charging/discharging cost coefficients of 5G BS can achieve a win-win situation for ADN and 5G operators. As an emerging flexible resource in ADN, the effectiveness and economy of 5G BS backup batteries participating in voltage profile optimization are verified in a test distribution network.展开更多
以无人机为平台的空中基站(unmanned aerial vehicle base station,UAV-BS)部署灵活、通视较好,在应急通信场景中具有独特优势,但是UAV-BS位置对通信组网效能具有重要影响,如何优化UAV-BS部署位置,特别是多UAV-BS位置布局是一个关键问...以无人机为平台的空中基站(unmanned aerial vehicle base station,UAV-BS)部署灵活、通视较好,在应急通信场景中具有独特优势,但是UAV-BS位置对通信组网效能具有重要影响,如何优化UAV-BS部署位置,特别是多UAV-BS位置布局是一个关键问题。本文考虑对地面终端用户最大化的覆盖且尽可能降低基站发射功率,提出多UAV-BS定位模型。首先,基于通信区域视线(line-of-sight,LoS)和非视线(non-line-of-sight,NLoS)传输统计特性计算最大覆盖半径及相应UAV-BS定位的高度。在此基础上,将基站水平定位布局视为多圆覆盖问题,构建覆盖用户数最多的非线性约束优化模型,并在保持用户覆盖最大化的前提下,进一步优化各UAV-BS发射功率。然后,基于最小覆盖圆问题和遗传算法对定位模型进行求解,计算具有低阶多项式的时间复杂度。最后,通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性,结果表明所提方法能够实现UAV-BS组网3D布局,并能最大化用户覆盖和降低基站功率。展开更多
文摘随着第五代移动通信(5th generation mobile communication,5G)基站建设数量的剧增,5G基站的备用电池将是一个具有巨大潜能的储能资源。我国电力市场化改革正不断推进,研究5G基站的备用储能参与电力市场交易是实现电网和通信运营商互利共赢的有效途径。考虑到5G基站备用储能参与电力市场的特殊性,建立了计及退化成本和可调度容量的基站储能电池模型,并将零散的基站聚合成5G基站虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)。然后,将5G基站VPP作为独立的竞价主体,构建双层的电能量-调频辅助服务市场交易决策模型,并利用KKT(Karush-Kuhn-Tucker)条件和对偶理论将双层模型转化为可解的混合整数规划问题。最后,通过算例评估了5G基站备用储能的可调度容量以及所提交易决策模型的有效性。
文摘在新型电力系统中,亟待深度挖掘需求侧资源以提升系统灵活性和新能源消纳能力。在“新基建”背景下,5G基站作为一种新型需求侧资源正迅速发展。研究如何在保证基站备用需求的前提下,由铁塔公司组建含大规模5G基站的虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)并常态化参与需求响应。首先,提出了考虑储能动态备用容量的5G基站运行可行域构建方法,建立了5G基站VPP的聚合模型。然后,建立了5G基站VPP响应负荷准线的日前优化模型,提出了适合对大规模5G基站进行协调控制的日内解聚合方法。最后,建立了含高比例新能源的区域电网仿真算例。仿真结果表明,聚合大规模基站参与准线型需求响应,可以显著降低5G基站的运行成本,同时提高电网的新能源消纳能力。
文摘Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are a collection of sensor nodes distributed in space and connected through wireless communication.The sensor nodes gather and store data about the real world around them.However,the nodes that are dependent on batteries will ultimately suffer an energy loss with time,which affects the lifetime of the network.This research proposes to achieve its primary goal by reducing energy consumption and increasing the network’s lifetime and stability.The present technique employs the hybrid Mayfly Optimization Algorithm-Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization(MFOA-EACO),where the Mayfly Optimization Algorithm(MFOA)is used to select the best cluster head(CH)from a set of nodes,and the Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization(EACO)technique is used to determine an optimal route between the cluster head and base station.The performance evaluation of our suggested hybrid approach is based on many parameters,including the number of active and dead nodes,node degree,distance,and energy usage.Our objective is to integrate MFOA-EACO to enhance energy efficiency and extend the network life of the WSN in the future.The proposed method outcomes proved to be better than traditional approaches such as Hybrid Squirrel-Flying Fox Optimization Algorithm(HSFLBOA),Hybrid Social Reindeer Optimization and Differential Evolution-Firefly Algorithm(HSRODE-FFA),Social Spider Distance Sensitive-Iterative Antlion Butterfly Cockroach Algorithm(SADSS-IABCA),and Energy Efficient Clustering Hierarchy Strategy-Improved Social Spider Algorithm Differential Evolution(EECHS-ISSADE).
文摘5G宏基站(base station,BS)节能优化是移动通信行业践行绿色低碳发展、实现碳中和目标的重要技术手段,然而现有5G宏基站网络能量管理模型主要关注网络通信设备的节能问题,未考虑网络中大量配套设备与通信设备的协调优化。为此,建立5G宏基站网络通信与配套设备协调优化的能量管理模型,所建模型为一混合整数线性优化问题(mixed integer linear programming,MILP)。为处理模型中由于网络用户数和设备数较多所导致的大量0/1变量问题,提出基于地理位置的用户聚类和适应模型的改进Benders算法,以求解大规模5G网络通信与配套设备协调优化模型,并通过算例仿真验证了所提模型和算法的有效性,该模型能适用于多住宅区和大规模商业区的5G宏基站网络能量管理。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52077017)。
文摘The penetration of distributed energy resources(DERs) and energy-intensive resources is gradually increasing in active distribution networks(ADNs), which leads to frequent and severe voltage violation problems. As a densely distributed flexible resource in the future distribution network, 5G base station(BS) backup battery is used to regulate the voltage profile of ADN in this paper. First, the dispatchable potential of 5G BS backup batteries is analyzed. Considering the spatial-temporal characteristics of electric load for 5G BS, the dispatchable capacity of backup batteries at different time intervals is evaluated based on historical heat map data. Then, a voltage profile optimization model for ADN is established, consisting of 5G BS backup batteries and other voltage regulation resources. In this model, the charging/discharging behavior of backup batteries is based on its evaluation result of dispatchable capacity. Finally, the range of charging/discharging cost coefficients of 5G BS that benefits ADN and 5G operators are analyzed respectively. Further, an incentive policy for 5G operators is proposed. Under this policy, the charging/discharging cost coefficients of 5G BS can achieve a win-win situation for ADN and 5G operators. As an emerging flexible resource in ADN, the effectiveness and economy of 5G BS backup batteries participating in voltage profile optimization are verified in a test distribution network.
文摘以无人机为平台的空中基站(unmanned aerial vehicle base station,UAV-BS)部署灵活、通视较好,在应急通信场景中具有独特优势,但是UAV-BS位置对通信组网效能具有重要影响,如何优化UAV-BS部署位置,特别是多UAV-BS位置布局是一个关键问题。本文考虑对地面终端用户最大化的覆盖且尽可能降低基站发射功率,提出多UAV-BS定位模型。首先,基于通信区域视线(line-of-sight,LoS)和非视线(non-line-of-sight,NLoS)传输统计特性计算最大覆盖半径及相应UAV-BS定位的高度。在此基础上,将基站水平定位布局视为多圆覆盖问题,构建覆盖用户数最多的非线性约束优化模型,并在保持用户覆盖最大化的前提下,进一步优化各UAV-BS发射功率。然后,基于最小覆盖圆问题和遗传算法对定位模型进行求解,计算具有低阶多项式的时间复杂度。最后,通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性,结果表明所提方法能够实现UAV-BS组网3D布局,并能最大化用户覆盖和降低基站功率。
