Monte Carlo calculation of the exposure of Chinese female astronauts to earth’s trapped radiation on board the Chinese Space Station

With the development of China’s crewed space mission,the space radiation risk for astronauts is increasingly prominent.This paper describes a simulation of the radiation doses experienced by a Chinese female voxel phantom on board the Chinese Space Station(CSS)performed using the Monte Carlo N-Particle(MCNP)software.The absorbed dose,equivalent dose,and effective dose experienced by the voxel phantom and its critical organs are discussed for different levels of shielding of the Tianhe core module.The risk of space-radiation exposure is then assessed by comparing these doses with the current risk limits in China(the skin dose limit for short-term low-earth-orbit missions)and the NASA figures(National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Report No.98)for female astronauts.The results obtained can be used to guide and optimize the radiation protection provided for manned space missions.

基于广义S变换的光伏电站谐波和间谐波分析方法

针对S变换高斯窗函数形式固定不变的问题,引入高斯窗调节因子改进S变换,提出一种基于广义S变换的光伏电站谐波和间谐波分析方法。首先通过MATLAB/Simulink搭建光伏电站的仿真模型,在自然采样双极性SPWM调制方式下采集逆变器的三相输出电压;然后以A相电压为例,采用广义S变换对电压信号处理得到一个模时频矩阵;最后对该矩阵分析实现光伏电站谐波和间谐波参数的准确计算。仿真结果表明,本文方法的幅值计算误差最大仅为3.30×10^(-4)%,频率的平均计算误差为0%,远小于S变换幅值误差35.19%和频率误差2.39%;能满足光伏电站谐波和间谐波检测精度的需要。

地震预警台站在地震定位中的应用——以四川泸定M_(S)6.8地震为例

为了研究预警台站在地震定位中的应用效果,本文以2022年9月5日四川泸定M_(S)6.8地震为例,基于地震预警台站观测资料,使用LOC3D定位方法对主震及2022年9月9日前MS≥3.0余震进行重定位。结果表明:泸定M_(S)6.8地震震中位置与人工目录结果基本一致;预警台站观测资料的加入能够增加各个方位的台站覆盖率,增加近台数量,提供地震事件S波完整震相,有效地约束地震定位结果中的震源深度,提升了地震定位精度,为地震定位提供更全面有效的数据支撑。

基于CNN和D-S证据理论的多站协同多功能雷达工作模式识别方法

传统的多功能雷达工作模式识别方法主要利用单一电子侦察设备侦收的脉冲数据完成特征提取,其模型或算法的泛化能力不强。因此,提出基于卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)和D-S(Dempster-Shafer)证据理论的多站协同多功能雷达工作模式识别方法。首先,利用轻量级CNN模型对不同方位、不同俯仰下侦察截获分选的脉冲幅度/波形单元数据进行自适应特征提取。其次,利用多站协同侦察系统通过D-S证据理论融合多站协同下不同侦察站点的Softmax分类器的分类结果,实现在差侦察条件下对不同空间方向上的多功能雷达工作模式快速准确识别。仿真验证结果表明,该方法相比于单侦察站条件下具有更好的识别性能。

2021年青海玛多MS7.4地震前大武台地电场优势方位角异常特征分析

为了深入了解2021年5月22日青海省玛多M_(S)7.4地震前是否存在地震电信号,本文利用地电场优势方位角方法对大武地电场的原始资料进行了分析,获得了玛多地震前震中附近场地的岩体裂隙结构变化特征,并结合本次地震震中500 km范围内八个地电场台站的岩体裂隙结构变化和该台记录到的以往震例中大武台地电场优势方位角异常变化与中强地震之间的关系进行了综合分析。结果显示:大武台新旧两套地电场数据的地电场优势方位角在震前11个月出现了显著的同步偏转现象,其中大武旧台在震前两个月优势方位角再次出现大幅度上升,异常特征主要表现为优势方位角出现同步快速偏转,最大偏转达到45°—90°;处于同一次级地块的甘孜台、玛曲台与大武台出现准同步异常现象,而其它次级地块上的台站均无异常出现,表明异常响应受到区域构造的影响。再结合大武台地电场使用该方法分析的以往震例表明:大武台的地电场优势方位角异常在中强地震前具有较好的中短期指示意义。

Science Research and Utilization Planning of China’s Space Station in Operation Period 2022–2032

The core module of China’s Space Station(CSS)is scheduled to be launched around the end of 2020,and the experimental module I and II will be launched in the next two years.After on-orbit constructions,CSS will be transferred into an operation period over 10 years(2022–2032 and beyond)to continuously implement space science missions.At present,based on the project selection and research work in the ground development period of CSS,China is systematically making a utilization mission planning for the operation period,which focuses on the fields of aerospace medicine and human research,space life science and biotechnology,microgravity fluid physics,combustion science,materials science,fundamental physics,space astronomy and astrophysics,Earth science,space physics and space environment,space application technology,etc.In combination with the latest development trend of space science and technology,China will continue to update planning for science research and technology development,carry out project cultivation,payload R&D,and upgrade onboard and ground experiment supporting systems to achieve greater comprehensive benefits in science,technology,economy,and society。

Recent Progress in Space Science and Applications of China’s Space Station in 2020-2022

China scheduled to complete the assembly of the T-shaped Tiangong Space Station in 2022,and will enter a new stage of utilization.There are more than 20 experiment racks inside the modules,and more than 50 external onboard payloads mounting spaces,which will support large-scale science and technology experiments during the operation.The development of internal experiment racks and external research accommodations approved during the construction has been completed,of which 4 racks in Tianhe core module,including High Microgravity Level research Rack(HMLR)and Container-less Materials Processing Rack(CMPR),have finished on-orbit tests;while other racks in Wentian and Mengtian experiment modules are under comprehensive ground tests.The Chinese Space Survey Telescope(CSST)has advanced much in the last two years with 24 pre-launch research projects funded and 4 joint science center built in preparation for CSST’s future scientific observations and operations.The systematic research planning for China’s Space Station(CSS)during 2022-2032 is updated with the researches classified into four important areas:space life sciences and human research,microgravity physical sciences,space astronomy and Earth science,and new space technologies and applications.According to the planning,more than 1000 experiments are expected to perform in CSS during the operating period.Overall,the CSS utilization missions are proceeding as planned,which will contribute to the major scientific or application output and have a positive impact on the quality of life on Earth.

Detection and interpretation of the Earth's free oscillations excited by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with GGP station data

The mode serials of the Earth’s free oscillation provide some important information on the Earth’s deep structure and superconducting gravimeters （SG） can investigate the phenomena of the Earth’s free oscillations with high accuracy. The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake fully excited the Earth’s free oscillations and these signals were perfectly recorded by five superconducting gravimeters in the globe. After the pre-treatment and spectral analysis on the SG observation data, we obtained the experimented mode serials of the Earth’s free oscillations consisting of 147 modes with GGP station data. These observed modes were themselves some new important data for the study of the Earth’s deep structure. On the basis of the discussions on some checked inner-core-sensitive modes, we distinguished three layers from the inner core, and the boundary of the upper layer was compatible with the formerly known transition zone in the inner core based on seismic body waves and supported that there were the hemispherical variation and very lower shear velocity zone in the lower inner core.

2021-09-16泸县M_(S)6.0地震前波速比变化研究

基于2017~2022年ML≥1.5地震的初至P、S波走时数据,利用单震多台和达法计算波速比,探讨2021-09-16四川泸县M_(S)6.0地震前后震中附近地区的波速比变化特征。结果表明,泸县M_(S)6.0地震前震中附近波速比出现下降-回升变化,下降持续时间约1.25 a,回升持续时间约0.5 a,波速比低值集中在震中周边区域。2019年泸县M_(S)6.0地震前,震中西北侧约66 km处发生的威远M_(S)5.4地震、资中M_(S)5.2地震周边波速比也出现相似的下降-回升变化,下降时间约2 a, 2次地震发生在波速比回升阶段,地震后波速比继续上升,直至泸县地震的发生,且2次地震震中也位于波速比低值集中区。

ZTE Base Station Market Shares Climb to World's Top 4 Position

ZTE Corporation, a leading global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions revealed on April 12, 2010 that Infonetics, a leading market research firm, has recently released a 2G/3G Mobile Infrastructure and Subscribers Report on the global wireless communication equipment market in 2009. According to the report, major changes have occurred in the shares of the global wireless communication market.

基于B/S架构的地球物理观测台站管理系统的设计与实现

为做好江苏省地球物理观测台站的运行维护管理工作,解决业务交流不便,尤其是市县台站维护管理缺乏信息化平台等问题,设计实现了基于B/S架构的地球物理观测台站运行维护管理系统,并投入使用。该系统采取任务模式与可视化流程式操作,方便区域地球物理台网中心和台站维护人员快速熟悉并使用,减轻工作负担、提高工作效率,重点弥补了市县站信息化管理薄弱的缺陷,是对全国地球物理台网管理系统的补充和完善。

Planning for China's Manned Space Station Announced

The fourth CAST Space Technology Forum was held on November 29, 2012 with the theme of Progress of China's Manned Space Station Project. Scientists, experts and government officials gathered to discuss the scheme, technical issues of the project, which consists of thirteen systems. CASC is in charge of the construction of seven systems through its subsidiaries. CALT is assigned to the building of LM-2F, LM-5 and LM-7 launch vehicles and CAST is assigned to the R&D of a space laboratory,

GDCORS和粤港澳大湾区似大地水准面在验潮站水准点高程测定中的应用

基于广东省陆海一体现代测绘基准体系建设成果,以江门市沿海的5个验潮站水准点作为试验点,同时在试验点周边选取4个高程控制点作为检核点,分别从高程和高差两个方面进行全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)静态高程测量替代国家三等、四等水准测量的误差对比分析,探究GNSS静态高程测量在不同观测时长下的精度情况。试验结果表明,在结合广东省连续运行卫星定位服务系统(GDCORS)和粤港澳大湾区高精度似大地水准面模型的情况下,对沿海地区验潮站水准点进行2和4 h以上的GNSS静态高程测量分别可以达到国家四等和三等水准测量的精度要求,此试验为其在广东省海洋测绘领域应用提供了价值参考。

基于D-S的特高压换流站设备故障诊断模型的建立与运用

为了实现特高压换流站的智能化运维管理,基于数据融合和D-S证据理论技术,构建特高压换流站设备故障诊断模型,该模型自上而下包括数据层融合、特征层融合以及决策层融合三层结构,通过对比D-S证据合成算法、逻辑回归分类算法以及集成树分类算法的诊断效果,结果表明本文建立的故障诊断模型的平均召回率较逻辑回归分类算法以及集成树分类算法分别提升2.15%和1.17%,较传统故障分类算法具有一定的优越性,可在电力设备故障诊断中予以应用。

基于CGA-SM的抽水蓄能电站机电造价指标修正方法

针对现行《水电工程费用构成及概(估)算费用标准》(2013年版)中给定的抽水蓄能电站预可行性研究阶段其他机电设备费、安装费指标与概算结果偏差较大的问题,笔者结合数十个抽水蓄能电站概(估)算数据,提出基于文化遗传算法优化倒S模型(CGA-SM)的其他机电设备费、安装费估算指标的修正方法,并给出推荐的指标范围。工程比对结果表明,该估算指标修正后的计算结果与概算较为接近。这说明该指标修正方法的有效性及可行性,可为标准修编提供参考依据。

Changes in sediment discharge in a sediment-rich region of the Yellow River from 1955 to 2010: implications for further soil erosion control

The well-documented decrease in the discharge of sediment into the Yellow River has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The present study analyzed the spatial and temporal variation of sediment yield based on data from 46 hydrological stations in the sediment-rich region of the Yellow River from 1955 to 2010. The results showed that since 1970 sediment yield in the region has clearly decreased at different rates in the 45 sub-areas controlled by hydrological stations. The decrease in sediment yield was closely related to the intensity and extent of soil erosion control measures and rainstorms that occurred in different periods and sub-areas. The average sediment delivery modulus（SDM） in the study area decreased from 7,767.4 t/（km^2·a） in 1951–1969 to 980.5 t/（km^2·a） in 2000–2010. Our study suggested that 65.5% of the study area with the SDM below 1,000 t/（km^2·a） is still necessary to control soil deterioration caused by erosion, and soil erosion control measures should be further strengthened in the areas with the SDM above 1,000 t/（km^2·a）.

水泵水轮机飞逸稳定性及其与反S特性曲线的关联

抽水蓄能电站的安全稳定运行与水泵水轮机反S特性直接相关。在电站甩负荷工况下,时有发生调速器事故,导致水泵水轮机导叶拒动,使机组进入飞逸工况。而由于水泵水轮机的反S特性会使得机组参数不能像常规水轮机一样快速收敛,甚至出现振荡的现象,导致事故进一步扩大。针对布置有下游调压室的抽水蓄能电站,采用线性化处理方法获得了水泵水轮机反S特性曲线的传递函数,并建立了流道-水轮机-发电机耦合的常微分数学模型,并进一步推导了水泵水轮机飞逸工况稳定性的判别条件。结果表明飞逸振荡的现象由多种因素共同决定,其中水泵水轮机飞逸点的曲线斜率为关键因素。利用已建立的物理模型平台,对这些影响因素进行了分析,并验证了所得的理论分析结论。