Machine learning in metal-ion battery research: Advancing material prediction, characterization, and status evaluation

Metal-ion batteries(MIBs),including alkali metal-ion(Li^(+),Na^(+),and K^(3)),multi-valent metal-ion(Zn^(2+),Mg^(2+),and Al^(3+)),metal-air,and metal-sulfur batteries,play an indispensable role in electrochemical energy storage.However,the performance of MIBs is significantly influenced by numerous variables,resulting in multi-dimensional and long-term challenges in the field of battery research and performance enhancement.Machine learning(ML),with its capability to solve intricate tasks and perform robust data processing,is now catalyzing a revolutionary transformation in the development of MIB materials and devices.In this review,we summarize the utilization of ML algorithms that have expedited research on MIBs over the past five years.We present an extensive overview of existing algorithms,elucidating their details,advantages,and limitations in various applications,which encompass electrode screening,material property prediction,electrolyte formulation design,electrode material characterization,manufacturing parameter optimization,and real-time battery status monitoring.Finally,we propose potential solutions and future directions for the application of ML in advancing MIB development.

Feasibility of Field Evaluation of Rice Nitrogen Status From Reflectance Spectra of Canopy *1

Techniques for measurement of the N status of rice can be an aid to making management decisions with economic and environmental implications. A field experiment was conducted to identify spectral variables most sensitive to N deficiency detection in rice canopy with the possibility for their use as a management tool. Spectral and agronomic measurements were collected in the evaluation experiment of N status from rice canopy under five N treatments in a silt loam soil. Nitrogen fertilization effects were seen across the entire wavelength measured. Red reflectance decreased and near infrared reflectance increased with increasing N fertilizer application. Spectral differences between treatments were seen throughout the test period. The near infrared reflectance/red reflectance ratio (RVI) differed more between treatments than between single bands. Variations in canopy reflectances due to other environmental factors were reduced by the use of RVI. In the spectral variables examined, the RVI separated the treatments most effectively, and three or four treatments can be separated. Differences in spectral responses between the treatments were attributable to leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll concentration and phytomass, which all changed with N fertilization.

Prospective evaluation of health status, quality of life and clinical outcomes following implantable defibrillator generator exchange

BACKGROUND Little is known about health status and quality of life(QoL)after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator(ICD)generator exchange(GE).METHODS We prospectively followed patients undergoing first-time ICD GE.Serial assessments of health status were performed by administering the 36-Item Short Form Survey(SF-36).RESULTS Mean age was 67.5±14.3 years,left ventricle ejection fraction(LVEF)was 36.5%±15.0%and over 40%of the cohort had improved LVEF to>35%at the time of GE.SF-36 scores were significantly worse in physical/general health domains compared to domains of emotional/social well-being(P<0.001 for each comparison).Physical health scores were significantly worse among those with medical comorbidities including diabetes,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation.Mean follow-up was 1.6±0.5 years after GE.Overall SF-36 scores remained stable across all domains during follow-up.Survival at 3 years post-GE was estimated at 80%.Five patients died during follow-up and most deaths were adjudicated as non-arrhythmic in origin.Four patients experienced appropriate ICD shocks after GE,three of whom had LVEF which remains impaired LVEF(i.e.,<35%)at the time of GE.CONCLUSION Patients undergoing ICD GE have significantly worse physical health compared to emotional/social well-being,which is associated with the presence of medical comorbidities.In terms of clinical outcomes,the incidence of appropriate shocks after GE among those with improvement in LVEF is very low,and most deaths post-procedure appear to be non-arrhythmic in origin.These data represent an attempt to more fully characterize the spectrum of QoL and clinical outcomes after GE.

Current Status, Challenges and Policy Recommendations Regarding the Sustainable Development of Mining Areas in China

As important suppliers of energy resources, mining areas have made huge contributions to China’s socio-economic development. However, some factors are inhibiting the further development of mining areas and, thereby pose a threat to social stability, as wel as resource and energy security in the country. In 2012, the National Development and Reform Commission formulated a project aiming to support the sustainable development of mining areas. This study collected and compiled the project’s first-hand survey data from 128 mining areas across China and comprehensively investigated the current development status of the country’s mining areas. The problems facing the development of China’s mining areas are analyzed, and four speciifc suggestions are provided, namely：promote industry transformation, remove institutional constraints, improve people’s livelihoods to maintain the stability of mining areas, and protect the environment to provide a clean, healthy living environment for mining area residents. This paper provides the ifrst comprehensive and systematic picture of China’s mining areas and highlights the importance of mining areas for the country’s economic and social development.

Current Status and Prospects of Biomass Energy Industry in China

At present biomass energy industry is in its infancy in China and it has a bright future. Biomass energy production used grain as raw materials has entered industrialization phase.Some key technologies of biomass energy industry are coming to mature.China has issued relevant industrial standards laws and regulations,and has provided support in finance,loan,tax,etc.But China's biomass energy industry is faced with many problems which need to be solved.For example,taking grain as raw materials is unsustain...

Challenges in Development of the Biomass Energy Industry in China

Based on an analysis of the status of biomass energy sources worldwide including China, this paper concludes that the development of the biomass energy industry in China is limited by factors asfollows：food security; lack of understanding of domestic sources; the deficiency of the policy environment; and environmental protection. There are also other challenges such as： low overall level of industry development; not having yet established a complete biomass energy industry system; high production costs; weak market competition; lack of investment in research and technology; low level of market admittance threshold; and disorder of industry development. Therefore, proposed policies aimed at promoting the healthy and rapid development of the biomass energy industry are as follows： improving the policy and regulatory system to enable the biomass energy industry to develop; greater evaluation of biomass energy material resources; accelerating the development of biomass energy conversion and use technologies; establishing the demonstration bases of biomass energy industry.