基于Kalman滤波与应变信号的舰船轴系推力辨识研究

在线、实时、准确监测舰船螺旋桨推力对船-机-桨匹配设计、舰船快速性预报及推进轴系健康管理等具有重要意义。然而,受轴系振动及环境干扰等测量噪声影响,螺旋桨推力产生的微弱应变信号易被测量噪声淹没,导致难以准确测量推力。当前,一些常用的信号降噪方法,比如傅里叶变换、小波分析等均是基于纯数据降噪,未考虑测量数据中潜藏的力学机制。不同于这类降噪方法,Kalman滤波可同时考虑测量数据噪声及数据中的力学机制,对目标实现最小方差无偏估计,因而有更高的估计精度。因此,本文利用Kalman滤波结合应变测量信号提出一种螺旋桨推力高精度、在线辨识方法。以恒定转速、变转速及低频波动转速3种工况为例,研究了不同信噪比下本文方法的推力辨识精度与鲁棒性。研究表明,在信噪比仅为20 d B时,推力辨识最大相对误差仅为4.85%,因此本文方法在低信噪比下仍有很高的辨识精度与鲁棒性。同时,本文提出方法属于时域辨识方法,在转速突变、螺旋桨缠绕渔网等突发工况时亦能实时跟踪推力变化,因此可用于螺旋桨推力及轴系状态的在线、实时监测。

基于参数估计和Kalman滤波的单通道盲源分离算法

针对存在频谱混叠通信信号的单通道盲源分离(single channel blind source separation,SCBSS)问题,提出一种基于参数估计和Kalman滤波的SCBSS算法。首先,针对根多重信号分类(root multiple signal classification,Root-MUSIC)算法在相近载频估计方面的局限性,提出一种自适应的Root-MUSIC算法,对接收到的盲混合信号的源信号数目和载频进行估计;其次,将Kalman滤波的思想引入到SCBSS算法中,根据估计得到的源信号参数构造信号模型,将其作为Kalman滤波系统的观测向量,执行“时间更新”和“测量更新”两个过程,得到源信号的最佳估计,实现单通道盲源分离。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够有效地从存在频谱混叠的单路接收信号中准确地分离出多路源信号,比传统的算法分离精度高,运算速度快。

基于集合Kalman滤波的中长期径流预报

为降低中长期径流预报的不确定性,增加水电站水库的发电效益,针对现有方法侧重于提高单一预报模型确定性预报结果的准确性以降低径流预报不确定性的问题,提出一种基于集合Kalman滤波的入库径流确定性预报方法。以旬为预见期的锦西水库实例验证结果表明:相比传统的单一预报模型和传统的信息融合预报模型,基于集合Kalman滤波的中长期径流预报可使RMSE降低4.78 m^(3)/s,合格率可提高0.56%,且更有效地降低了汛期预报的不确定性,得到了更加准确、可靠的确定性径流预报结果,可为开展流域梯级水电站优化调度提供技术支持。

基于自适应强跟踪Kalman滤波的GNSS跟踪环路设计

为提高GNSS接收机跟踪环路在复杂环境下的跟踪性能,提出一种基于自适应强跟踪Kalman滤波(ASTKF)的跟踪环路,在传统跟踪环路的基础上,以鉴相器输出为观测量进行自适应强跟踪Kalman滤波,滤波结果用于计算导航滤波器的观测量,同时将伪码频率和载波多普勒频率反馈到码NCO和载波NCO,在ASTKF中使用基于卡方分布的渐消因子计算方法,提升跟踪环路鲁棒性。半物理仿真实验表明,相比于基于Kalman滤波的跟踪环路和基于强跟踪Kalman滤波(STKF)的跟踪环路,所提出方法在水平方向上的位置误差和速度误差减小20%以上,有效提高了卫星导航接收机的定位性能。

改进扩展Kalman滤波的显微视觉压电驱动定位

在显微视觉领域,压电驱动定位技术因其在微观尺度的高精度特性和灵活性备受关注。然而,由于定位过程中涉及图像处理、传输和控制等方面的时延,导致图像雅可比矩阵的估计会出现较大误差。因此,本文提出了一种改进扩展Kalman滤波算法用来预测图像雅可比矩阵,大幅度降低时间延迟因素。首先,将辨识得到的Bouc-Wen模型与扩展Kalman滤波算法的状态观测方程相结合,使得状态观测方程更全面地考虑压电平台的迟滞非线性特性,有效地提高了对压电平台速度和位置的预测;其次,结合Bouc-Wen模型的扩展Kalman滤波算法在面对非线性问题时,采用的是泰勒级数,这将导致扩展Kalman滤波算法对高度非线性的函数无法提供良好的近似,从而导致在估计雅可比矩阵的时候引入较大的近似误差,故本文将采用神经网络对高度非线性函数进行近似,进而对图像雅可比矩阵进行估计。最后,通过搭建一个显微视觉的压电驱动实验平台,进行位置跟踪实验,仿真实验表明,输入信号分别为正弦信号和三角波信号时,改进扩展Kalman滤波算法跟踪误差均值分别为0.199μm和0.132μm,而扩展Kalman滤波算法的跟踪误差均值分别为0.692μm和0.513μm,结果验证了改进算法的优越性和可行性。

带乘性噪声的欠观测系统无迹增量Kalman融合估计

研究了带乘性噪声的非线性欠观测系统的多传感融合估计问题。采用虚拟状态向量与虚拟噪声,并为虚拟状态设计一步预报器与状态更新方程。针对非线性欠观测系统提出了无迹增量Kalman滤波算法(UIKF)。提出了对角矩阵加权的融合增量卡尔曼滤波器。通过对比分析,得到增量估计值精度要高于标准估值精度,加权融合曲线的估值精度要高于单一子传感器估值精度,验证了在滤波过程中使用增量滤波方法对状态估计的优化。

基于CamShift与Kalman相结合的目标跟踪算法研究

目标跟踪是机器视觉领域的一项重要技术。传统的CamShift目标跟踪算法具有时间复杂度低、运算速度快的优点,在简单背景下具有良好的跟踪效果。但当跟踪目标处于部分遮挡的复杂情况下时,容易出现目标丢失的情况,从而影响后续的跟踪。Kalman滤波算法在目标跟踪任务中,能够有效地预测跟踪目标下一时刻可能出现的位置,且算法简单方便。现将CamShift算法与Kalman滤波算法相结合来优化传统的CamShift算法,实验结果表明:优化后的算法不但保留了传统CamShift算法的优点,而且在一定程度上可以预测跟踪目标的行动轨迹,更好地实现目标跟踪任务,解决了传统CamShift算法在目标被部分遮挡的情况下容易出现的目标丢失的情况;同时,运算结果准确,基本没有预测误差。

基于集合变换Kalman滤波的流场高效重构

湍流场的准确估计在航空航天领域具有重要意义,现有的获取手段在分辨率或者准确性方面是不足的。实验测量准确却往往测点数量有限,数值计算能获得全场数据,但精度却难以保障。数据同化方法融合了实验观测和数值模拟,是进行流场重构的有效工具。探索了基于集合变换Kalman滤波(ensemble transform Kalman filter,ETKF)的数据同化方法在空间流场重构方面的有效性,并讨论了不同迭代更新模式的重构精度和计算效率,即状态变量基于湍流模型更新的ETKF-M和基于流场数据更新的ETKF-D。以ONERA M6机翼作为数值算例,结合风洞实验翼型表面271测压孔的压力测量数据进行算法实验,结果表明ETKF方法的不同迭代模式均有效修正了湍流模型的预测,并且ETKF-D相对于ETKF-M提升了83%的计算效率。此外,选取两组不同位置的1/4实验测点进行同化实验,得到不同精度的结果,这表明重构的精度与同化测点的位置和数量密切相关。

Semi-analytical steady-state response prediction for multi-dimensional quasi-Hamiltonian systems

The majority of nonlinear stochastic systems can be expressed as the quasi-Hamiltonian systems in science and engineering. Moreover, the corresponding Hamiltonian system offers two concepts of integrability and resonance that can fully describe the global relationship among the degrees-of-freedom(DOFs) of the system. In this work, an effective and promising approximate semi-analytical method is proposed for the steady-state response of multi-dimensional quasi-Hamiltonian systems. To be specific, the trial solution of the reduced Fokker–Plank–Kolmogorov(FPK) equation is obtained by using radial basis function(RBF) neural networks. Then, the residual generated by substituting the trial solution into the reduced FPK equation is considered, and a loss function is constructed by combining random sampling technique. The unknown weight coefficients are optimized by minimizing the loss function through the Lagrange multiplier method. Moreover, an efficient sampling strategy is employed to promote the implementation of algorithms. Finally, two numerical examples are studied in detail, and all the semi-analytical solutions are compared with Monte Carlo simulations(MCS) results. The results indicate that the complex nonlinear dynamic features of the system response can be captured through the proposed scheme accurately.

A Posteriori Stabilized Sixth-Order Finite Volume Scheme with Adaptive Stencil Construction:Basics for the 1D Steady-State Hyperbolic Equations

We propose an adaptive stencil construction for high-order accurate finite volume schemes a posteriori stabilized devoted to solve one-dimensional steady-state hyperbolic equations.High accuracy(up to the sixth-order presently)is achieved,thanks to polynomial recon-structions while stability is provided with an a posteriori MOOD method which controls the cell polynomial degree for eliminating non-physical oscillations in the vicinity of dis-continuities.We supplemented this scheme with a stencil construction allowing to reduce even further the numerical dissipation.The stencil is shifted away from troubles(shocks,discontinuities,etc.)leading to less oscillating polynomial reconstructions.Experimented on linear,Burgers',and Euler equations,we demonstrate that the adaptive stencil technique manages to retrieve smooth solutions with optimal order of accuracy but also irregular ones without spurious oscillations.Moreover,we numerically show that the approach allows to reduce the dissipation still maintaining the essentially non-oscillatory behavior.

基于温度场与D-Kalman参数估计的光学电压传感温度补偿方法

光学电压传感器在温度稳定性方面仍有亟待解决的问题,一是电光晶体在温度变化时存在温度梯度,导致表面温度与光路温度不等;二是晶体物性参数也会受到温度影响。为此提出一种基于温度场与双卡尔曼滤波(Dual Kalman, D-Kalman)参数估计的温度补偿方法。以锗酸铋晶体为研究对象,在对传感器输出信号进行交直流分离的基础上,先利用半解析法建立晶体暂态温度场模型,再分别通过卡尔曼滤波与中心差分卡尔曼滤波实现对晶体内部温度和初始温度下晶体折射率的状态估计,最后将修正参数与传感器输出信号高频分量相结合计算补偿电压。实验结果表明,传感器在外界温度为[20℃,40℃]以0.5℃/min速率不断升高的环境下,暂态温度场解析式的仿真精度在0.02%以内,实验测量精度在0.2%左右,补偿输出电压测量精度优于0.52%。与同平台下反向传播神经网络温度补偿效果以及不同平台下的补偿效果相比,该方法提高了传感器测量精度。

Secondary steady-state and time-periodic flows from a basic flow with square array of odd number of vortices

In a magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)driven fluid cell,a plane non-parallel flow in a square domain satisfying a free-slip boundary condition is examined.The energy dissipation of the flow is controlled by the viscosity and linear friction.The latter arises from the influence of the Hartmann bottom boundary layer in a three-dimensional(3D)MHD experiment in a square bottomed cell.The basic flow in this fluid system is a square eddy flow exhibiting a network of N~2 vortices rotating alternately in clockwise and anticlockwise directions.When N is odd,the instability of the flow gives rise to secondary steady-state flows and secondary time-periodic flows,exhibiting similar characteristics to those observed when N=3.For this reason,this study focuses on the instability of the square eddy flow of nine vortices.It is shown that there exist eight bi-critical values corresponding to the existence of eight neutral eigenfunction spaces.Especially,there exist non-real neutral eigenfunctions,which produce secondary time-periodic flows exhibiting vortices merging in an oscillatory manner.This Hopf bifurcation phenomenon has not been observed in earlier investigations.

High-Intensity Interval Training v/s Steady-State Cardio in Rehabilitation of Neurological Patients

Neuropathy is nerve damage that can cause chronic neuropathic pain, which is challenging to cure and has a significant financial burden. Exercise therapies, including High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and steady-state cardio, are being explored as potential treatments for neuropathic pain. This systematic review compares the effectiveness of HIIT and steady-state cardio for improving function in neurological patients. This article provides an overview of the systematic review conducted on the effects of exercise on neuropathic patients, with a focus on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and steady-state cardio. The authors conducted a comprehensive search of various databases, identified relevant studies based on predetermined inclusion criteria, and used the EPPI automation application to process the data. The final selection of studies was based on validity and relevance, with redundant articles removed. The article reviews four studies that compare high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on various health outcomes. The studies found that HIIT can improve aerobic fitness, cerebral blood flow, and brain function in stroke patients;lower diastolic blood pressure more than MICT and improve insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content in obese individuals, potentially helping with the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. In people with multiple sclerosis, acute exercise can decrease the plasma neurofilament light chain while increasing the flow of the kynurenine pathway. The available clinical and preclinical data suggest that further study on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and its potential to alleviate neuropathic pain is justified. Randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise, which could lead to consensus and specific HIIT-based advice for patients with neuropathies.

A dual adaptive unscented Kalman filter algorithm for SINS-based integrated navigation system

In this study, the problem of measuring noise pollution distribution by the intertial-based integrated navigation system is effectively suppressed. Based on nonlinear inertial navigation error modeling, a nested dual Kalman filter framework structure is developed. It consists of unscented Kalman filter (UKF)master filter and Kalman filter slave filter. This method uses nonlinear UKF for integrated navigation state estimation. At the same time, the exact noise measurement covariance is estimated by the Kalman filter dependency filter. The algorithm based on dual adaptive UKF (Dual-AUKF) has high accuracy and robustness, especially in the case of measurement information interference. Finally, vehicle-mounted and ship-mounted integrated navigation tests are conducted. Compared with traditional UKF and the Sage-Husa adaptive UKF (SH-AUKF), this method has comparable filtering accuracy and better filtering stability. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified.

基于Kalman滤波思想的接触线高度检测数据粗差修正算法

接触线高度平顺性是评价接触网设备动态运行质量的重要指标。针对接触线高度检测数据中的粗差,基于Kalman滤波思想提出相应的粗差辨识与修正算法。将接触线高度视作一个连续平稳系统,利用矩形窗函数定义系统状态值,实现检测数据的分段线性化;依据系统状态值的回归预测方法和状态差异的量化方案,构建粗差辨识与修正算法,并引入适用于锚段关节处双支接触线采集特征的回溯机制;基于大量实测数据,采用显著性检验等统计方法确定算法参数,并从回溯、修正、运用和实时性等方面,对算法有效性和可行性进行分析验证,结果表明:该算法能够完成各类接触线高度检测粗差的高速实时辨识与修正。

机械臂外力的时延强跟踪Kalman估计与自学习控制

为了提高机械臂与环境交互过程中的接触力估计精度和关节控制精度,提出了基于时延强跟踪Kalman滤波的接触力估计方法和基于熵-自学习控制网络的关节角位置控制方法。建立了机械臂系统的关节驱动模型和动力学模型;基于时延估计理论,建立了4自由度机械臂系统的时延模型;在Kalman滤波中引入了渐消因子,使估计残差强行正交,从而提出了基于时延强跟踪Kalman的接触力估计方法。以接触力误差和关节位置误差为输入,以关节力矩为输出构建了自学习控制网络,并提出使用熵聚类确定网络结构和参数,从而设计了熵-自学习控制网络。经仿真验证,基于时延强跟踪Kalman的估计误差区间分布小于标准Kalman和文献[12]柔顺控制,且分布密度在0误差处极高;熵-自学习控制网络对期望轨迹的绝对跟踪误差和收敛时间远小于自学习控制网络和变阻抗阻尼控制。仿真结果验证了本文接触力估计方法和角位置控制方法的优越性。

超高层建筑动态变形分数阶Kalman滤波提取模型

全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)具有无须通视,能够直接测量点的三维坐标等优点,已广泛应用于超高层建筑结构动态变形监测之中。利用GNSS对建筑物进行监测时,监测数据中会包含大量噪声,为了更加准确地提取变形信息的特征,本文利用分数阶卡尔曼滤波对数据进行处理。通过分析仿真实验数据和实际案例数据,利用相关系数、均方根误差等评价参数并与卡尔曼滤波结果进行比较,验证方法的可行性。结果表明,分数阶卡尔曼滤波相较于卡尔曼滤波模型,能够有效地提取超高层建筑变形信息。

基于离散Kalman滤波的计算机网络通信异常节点识别方法

传统异常节点识别方法存在效率较低、精准度较差的局限性,为解决以上问题,现提出基于离散Kalman滤波的计算机网络通信异常节点识别方法。首先,基于离散Kalman滤波构建通信节点测量信道模型,使系统的平方误差降至最小,从而为离散过程的优化设计提供递推算法,其次,提取计算机网络通信异常节点特征,将所有的异常进攻事件都分割成不同的数据集合,最后,实现计算机网络通信异常节点的定位并识别。实验结果证明:基于离散Kalman滤波的计算机网络通信异常节点识别方法识别准确率可达到99%以上,能够准确识别出异常节点,具有较高的识别精度。

基于Kalman滤波的组合预测模型在建筑物变形监测中的应用

根据建筑物沉降监测数据的特点,结合Kalman滤波算法、BP神经网络模型以及AR自回归模型在数据降噪、数据预测中的优势,提出并构建了一种新的基于Kalman滤波的BP-AR沉降预测模型。该组合预测模型实现建筑物变形预测的主要步骤为:首先,通过Kalman滤波算法对原始观测数据进行降噪,消除随机噪声误差对观测数据的影响;其次,通过BP神经网络模型对降噪后序列进行建模与预测;最后使用AR模型对预测残差进行建模与预测。通过实际建筑物沉降监测数据对本文提出的组合预测模型进行验证,结果表明相较于BP神经网络模型与BP-AR模型,本文提出的组合预测模型的预测精度更高,有效降低了噪声影响,具有较高的优越性。

Traffic Control Based on Integrated Kalman Filtering and Adaptive Quantized Q-Learning Framework for Internet of Vehicles

Intelligent traffic control requires accurate estimation of the road states and incorporation of adaptive or dynamically adjusted intelligent algorithms for making the decision.In this article,these issues are handled by proposing a novel framework for traffic control using vehicular communications and Internet of Things data.The framework integrates Kalman filtering and Q-learning.Unlike smoothing Kalman filtering,our data fusion Kalman filter incorporates a process-aware model which makes it superior in terms of the prediction error.Unlike traditional Q-learning,our Q-learning algorithm enables adaptive state quantization by changing the threshold of separating low traffic from high traffic on the road according to the maximum number of vehicles in the junction roads.For evaluation,the model has been simulated on a single intersection consisting of four roads:east,west,north,and south.A comparison of the developed adaptive quantized Q-learning(AQQL)framework with state-of-the-art and greedy approaches shows the superiority of AQQL with an improvement percentage in terms of the released number of vehicles of AQQL is 5%over the greedy approach and 340%over the state-of-the-art approach.Hence,AQQL provides an effective traffic control that can be applied in today’s intelligent traffic system.