Phase-sensitive fat suppression steady-state free procession sequence with phase correction

Robust and fast fat suppression is a challenge in balanced steady-state free precession （SSFP） magnetic resonance imaging. Although single-acquisition phase-sensitive SSFP can provide fat-suppressed images in short scan time, phase errors, especially spatially-dependent phase shift, caused by a variety of factors may result in misplacement of fat and water voxels. In this paper, a novel phase correction algorithm was used to calibrate those phase errors during image reconstruction. This algorithm corrects phase by region growing, employing both the magnitude and the phase information of image pixels. Phantom and in vivo imagings were performed to validate the technique. As a result, excellent fat-suppressed images were acquired by using single-acquisition phase-sensitive SSFP with phase correction.

Phase-only pattern synthesis based on gradient-descent optimization

By applying phase-only technique in array antenna pattern synthesis, antenna arrays can form desired patterns with the use of phase shifters only. A novel phase-only pattern synthesis algorithm is proposed for the passive phased array seeker. This algorithm synthesizes the main beam of the antenna pattern through least-squares approximation, thus minimizing the errors between the actual and the desired main beams. The synthesis problem can be solved by applying gradient-descent optimization. The item for suppressing side lobes is added to the above synthesis problem. To obtain a side lobe level as low as possible, the algorithm assigns different weights to different directions in the side lobe region. The algorithm is run repeatedly and the weights are adjusted adaptively according to the normalized power in the side lobe directions. Detailed examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

基于BP神经网络的降落伞气动力参数辨识

针对降落伞回收系统动力学仿真中的气动力参数不能直接测量的问题,建立了降落伞系统稳定下降阶段的六自由度动力学方程和运动学方程,确定了气动力的形式以及待辨识参数。在此基础上采用了两种基于反向传播(Back Propagation,BP)神经网络的气动力参数辨识方案,使用飞行状态数据训练神经网络直至收敛,得到待辨识的气动力参数模型。通过仿真算例验证了两种辨识方案的有效性和辨识模型的正确性,分别得到气动力参数辨识结果,并计算了性能评价指标。根据仿真结果从收敛速度、辨识精度等方面分析了两种辨识方案的效果,结果显示:两种辨识方案预测结果与预期结果均吻合较好,但是双BP神经网络方法更具有优势。结果证明BP神经网络方法对未来工程中的空投试验数据辨识具有潜在应用价值。

基于前后逐段逼近的含多分支配电网单相接地故障测距方法

随着配电网的发展,T接分支的大量接入使得配电网结构复杂,传统测距算法通常忽略分支,测距精度变低,研究含多分支配电网单相接地故障测距具有重要意义。为此,提出一种基于前后逐段逼近的含多分支配电网单相接地故障精确测距方法。首先,分析分布参数模型,根据零序电压、电流关系,提出故障区段判别系数,判别最小故障区段。其次,利用最小故障区段两端的零序电压、电流建立故障测距函数,采用梯度下降法求解精确故障点。最后,在PSCAD仿真平台上对所述方法进行验证。结果表明,所提方法可确定故障最小区段,精确计算出故障点,并具有较强的耐受过渡电阻能力,能较好适应高渗透率分布式电源的接入。

WPT系统线圈移动的零相角频率跟踪研究

在家用电器自主充电的无线电能传输(WPT)系统中,由于其难以每次移动到相同的位置,因此在初次级磁芯的相互影响下,线圈的自感会随着其相对位置的改变而发生变化,进而使得系统失谐、零相角(ZPA)频率漂移,最终影响系统的平稳运行。这里基于串联-串联(SS)型拓扑结构,提出了线圈移动条件下追踪ZPA频率的方法,通过对SS型拓扑结构的电路进行建模,推导了出现频率分裂现象(FSP)时系统ZPA对应的角频率,在Matlab仿真中建立电流相角和初级电流幅值的关系,并采用梯度下降(GD)算法分别在频率分裂是否发生两种情况下,对电流幅值的谷值和峰值进行追踪。实验结果表明:无论系统是否出现频率分裂,都可以实现ZPA频率的追踪。

双三相永磁同步电机鲁棒滑模预测速度控制

为提高双三相永磁同步电机系统应对复杂扰动时的鲁棒性,提出了一种带有最速下降观测器的滑模预测速度控制策略。通过将参数变化和外部扰动注入到q轴电流系数,建立了带有扰动的双三相永磁同步电机运动模型。基于电机扰动模型提出了一种滑模预测速度控制策略,该方案使用基于双曲正切函数的新型幂次趋近律,能够在保持较快跟踪速度的同时有效抑制滑模抖振。设计了一个基于最速下降算法的扰动观测器,用于估计随叠加扰动而时刻变化的q轴电流系数并将其传递到滑模预测速度控制模型中。与传统的滑模预测速度控制相比,仿真结果证明了所提方法具有较好的动态跟踪性能和扰动抑制性能。

A User-Friendly SSVEP-Based BCI Using Imperceptible Phase-Coded Flickers at 60Hz

A brain-computer interface(BCI)system based on steady-state visual evoked potentials(SSVEP)was developed by four-class phase-coded stimuli.SSVEPs elicited by flickers at 60Hz,which is higher than the critical fusion frequency(CFF),were compared with those at 15Hz and 30Hz.SSVEP components in electroencephalogram(EEG)were detected using task related component analysis(TRCA)method.Offline analysis with 17 subjects indicated that the highest information transfer rate(ITR)was 29.80±4.65bpm with 0.5s data length for 60Hz and the classification accuracy was 70.07±4.15%.The online BCI system reached an averaged classification accuracy of 87.75±3.50%at 60Hz with 4s,resulting in an ITR of 16.73±1.63bpm.In particular,the maximum ITR for a subject was 80bpm with 0.5s at 60Hz.Although the BCI performance of 60Hz was lower than that of 15Hz and 30Hz,the results of the behavioral test indicated that,with no perception of flicker,the BCI system with 60Hz was more comfortable to use than 15Hz and 30Hz.Correlation analysis revealed that SSVEP with higher signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)corresponded to better classification performance and the improvement in comfortableness was accompanied by a decrease in performance.This study demonstrates the feasibility and potential of a user-friendly SSVEP-based BCI using imperceptible flickers.

Coherent beam combining of hybrid phase control in master oscillator-power amplifier configuration

A novel scalable architecture for coherent beam combining with hybrid phase control involving passive phasing and active phasing in master oscillator-power amplifier configuration is presented. Wide-linewidth mutually injected passive phasing fibre laser arrays serve as master oscillators for the power amplifiers, and the active phasing using stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm is induced. Wide-linewidth seed laser can suppress the stimulated Brillouin scattering effectively and improve the output power of the fibre laser amplifier, while hybrid phase control provides a robust way for in-phase mode coherent beam combining simultaneously. Experiment is performed by active phasing fibre laser amplifiers with passive phasing fibre ring laser array seed lasers. Power encircled in the main-lobe increases1.57 times and long-exposure fringe contrast is obtained to be 78% when the system evolves from passive phasing to hybrid phasing.

Multiple phase detector of M-ary phase shift keying symbols in code division multiple access systems

A novel iterative technique,the phase descent search(PDS) algorithm,for M-ary phase shift keying(M-PSK) symbols detection was proposed.This technique constrained the solution to have a unit magnitude and it was based on coordinate descent iterations where coordinates were the unknown symbol phases.The PDS algorithm,together with a descent local search(also implemented as a version of the PDS algorithm),was used multiple times with different initializations in a proposed multiple phase detector;the solution with the minimum cost was then chosen as the final solution.The simulation results show that for highly loaded multiuser scenarios,the proposed technique has a detection performance that is close to the single-user bound.The results also show that the multiple phase detector allows detection in highly overloaded scenarios and it exhibits near-far resistance.In particular,the detector has a performance that is significantly better,and complexity that is significantly lower,than that of the detector based on semi-definite relaxation.

Antenna Array Pattern Synthesis via Coordinate Descent Method

This paper presents an array pattern synthesis algorithm for arbitrary arrays based on coordinate descent method (CDM). With this algorithm, the complex element weights are found to minimize a weighted L2 norm of the difference between desired and achieved pattern. Compared with traditional optimization techniques, CDM is easy to implement and efficient to reach the optimum solutions. Main advantage is the flexibility. CDM is suitable for linear and planar array with arbitrary array elements on arbitrary positions. With this method, we can configure arbitrary beam pattern, which gives it the ability to solve variety of beam forming problem, e.g. focused beam, shaped beam, nulls at arbitrary direction and with arbitrary beam width. CDM is applicable for phase-only and amplitude-only arrays as well, and furthermore, it is a suitable method to treat the problem of array with element failures.

解调电路相位自动对齐系统设计与实现

在空间引力波探测项目中,能否实现高精度电容位移传感技术直接关系到项目的核心指标实现。在电容位移传感链路中,解调电路去除噪声能力限制整条链路性能,其中,参考信号与输入信号之间的相位差影响电路去除噪声能力。为了最大限度地提高系统的信噪比,针对当前研究的局限性,提出一种解调电路相位自动对齐系统。首先,介绍了整个系统的构成;其次,对基于动量下降法的相位对齐方法进行详细介绍,参考信号相位自动移动,移动的步长根据动量梯度下降法动态调整;然后,提出对相敏检测器的波形进行检测;接着结合两个方法提出解调电路相位自动对齐系统,提高了系统的可靠性和抗干扰性;最后用标定平台模拟电容位移传感中的电容差,将文中提出的方法与遍历相位对齐法进行比较,发现该方法能够准确地对齐相位,性能平均提升0.136%,同时在示波器上观察信号相位已经准确对齐。

用于稀疏孔径成像系统光程控制的自适应控制算法研究

目前,稀疏孔径成像系统共相误差校正效果不佳,为此,提出了一种用于稀疏孔径成像系统光程控制的自适应控制算法。首先,分析了仅有前馈控制存在的累积误差问题,并由此引出了改进的比例-微分-积分(PID)反馈控制结构和表达式;然后,将两者结合,形成了前馈-改进PID反馈的复合控制系统,并用该系统对单个压电陶瓷进行了控制仿真;最后,采用一种随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法,以成像清晰度为优化目标,将稀疏孔径成像系统中的多个压电陶瓷组成了联合控制系统;通过搭建精密光程调控系统实验平台,对单个压电陶瓷采用前馈-PID反馈复合控制系统进行了1μm、5μm、8μm和10μm位移跟踪实验。实验结果表明:不同位移的响应曲线基本与期望位移曲线重合,不同位移的响应时间能有效控制在0.08 s以内,位置误差能有效控制在±3 nm以内;将SPGD联合控制系统用于1个三孔径稀疏孔径成像系统中,进行了分辨率板成像对比实验,对共相误差校正前后图像进行了定量评价(校正前,评价值J 1=0.54;校正后,评价值J 2=0.78)。研究结果表明:该联合控制系统能有效控制光程精度,校正共相误差,实现子光束干涉成像的目标。

基于空间最短距离算法的三相不平衡人工翻仓治理策略

随着社会的发展,人们对电能质量的要求越来越高,而配变台区三相负荷不平衡会对配电网的供电安全性、供电质量和经济运行产生不良影响,是低压电网运行的薄弱环节。通过将空间最短距离算法应用于三相不平衡治理策略研究中,完成了同站配变三相不平衡人工翻仓治理,为配电网三相不平衡科学治理提供了新的可行方案。

基于巴特沃斯低通滤波的自适应步长梯度下降姿态解算方法

针对旋翼无人机常用的低成本MEMS姿态传感器,因其内部低通滤波具有一定相位延迟效应,致使旋翼无人机姿态原始数据预处理后具有时间滞后的问题,提出一种基于零相位时延修正的巴特沃斯低通滤波(LPB)的自适应步长梯度下降姿态解算方法。通过计算正反单边序列通过滤波器时相位偏移大小,补偿MEMS传感器的时延,然后设计自适应步长梯度下降法进行姿态解算。实验结果表明,该方法在多旋翼高速运动时可提供高时效准确的姿态信息,提高控制响应速率。

基于Rademacher测量的相位恢复SAF算法

研究了在Rademacher测量下的相位恢复SAF算法。数值实验表明,在给定m≥4n测量值的情况下,SAF算法具有良好的经验成功率和鲁棒性。

基于改进的随机梯度下降的相位恢复算法

相位恢复的目的是从幅度测量值的平方|〈ar,x〉|^(2),r=1,2,…,m中重建一个信号x∈C^(n)。提出一种使用Polak–Ribiere–Polyak(PRP)方向随机梯度下降方法的WF算法,简称PStG-WF算法。它既可以处理灰度图像,也能处理彩色图像,还能高质量地重构出原始图像。实验结果表明,PStG-WF算法能够提升恢复性能并且对高斯白噪声具有鲁棒性。

基于卷积神经网络去噪正则化的相位恢复算法

相位恢复问题是指仅从幅值测量中恢复原始信号.由于幅值测量中缺少相位信息,精确恢复原始信号困难,因此需要加入正则化项确保高精度重建原始信号.结合交替投影和卷积神经网络提出了基于卷积神经网络去噪正则化的相位恢复算法(NrPR_DnCNN).所提算法将相位恢复问题转化为去噪和约束优化两个子问题,并利用l 1正则化快速梯度下降法交替求解.仿真结果表明:与BM3D_PRGAMP算法相比,所提算法重构图像的峰值信噪比在二种高斯噪声水平上分别提高了2.08 dB和3.20 dB,验证了所提算法的有效性和鲁棒性;误差-迭代仿真结果验证了所提算法具有良好的收敛性.

基于梯度下降法的单相幅相锁相环优化设计

基于目标函数优化的思想设计了单相幅相锁相环系统(1MPLL),详细讨论了系统中参数的设计方法。为了提高系统的谐波抑制能力,以最近时域区间系统偏差的积分构造目标函数,通过梯度下降法分析了目标函数的最速下降方向,推导出锁相环系统的非线性状态方程,从而对输入信号属性进行估计。为了进行系统性能分析和参数设计,对系统非线性状态方程在平衡点进行线性化处理,采用根轨迹理论对系统参数进行设计。系统能在各种电能质量问题下(如幅值突变、频率波动、相位突变,尤其是谐波污染)对输入信号的属性进行快速精确估计,为并网电力电子设备的检测和控制提供有效、可靠的基准。仿真实验验证了系统设计的正确性和良好性能。

32路光纤激光相干阵列的相位锁定

报道了32路光纤激光相干阵列的相位锁定实验研究。搭建了32路光纤激光相干阵列实验系统,基于现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)设计制作了高速高精度相位控制器。当相位控制器执行随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法对各路激光的相位进行锁定时,相干阵列输出的激光功率与不进行相位锁定时相比提高了约26倍。

一种燃料最省的火星精确着陆动力下降段快速轨迹优化方法

针对火星精确着陆问题,给出一种燃料最省的火星着陆动力下降段快速轨迹优化方法。首先以燃料最省为指标建立了着陆器动力下降段轨迹优化问题模型,然后利用极大值原理对该模型的推力大小、推力方向与协状态变量之间的关系进行分析,得出着陆器推力只能以最大或最小推力工作、推力方向和与速度对应的协状态矢量方向相同的结论。并以此为基础,将原问题的状态微分方程和协状态微分方程转换为有限个推力为常值的分段函数,推导每段内微分方程的解析表达式,给出了动力下降段轨迹优化方法的算法流程;最后通过数学仿真将所提出的方法与凸规划、多项式制导方法进行比较。结果表明该方法不仅避免了多项式方法没有考虑推力约束及燃料消耗的缺陷,而且在计算效率方面较凸规划方法有大幅度提高。