Assessing Criteria Weights by the Symmetry Point of Criterion (Novel SPC Method)–Application in the Efficiency Evaluation of the Mineral Deposit Multi-Criteria Partitioning Algorithm

Information about the relative importance of each criterion or theweights of criteria can have a significant influence on the ultimate rank of alternatives.Accordingly,assessing the weights of criteria is a very important task in solving multi-criteria decision-making problems.Three methods are commonly used for assessing the weights of criteria:objective,subjective,and integrated methods.In this study,an objective approach is proposed to assess the weights of criteria,called SPCmethod(Symmetry Point of Criterion).This point enriches the criterion so that it is balanced and easy to implement in the process of the evaluation of its influence on decision-making.The SPC methodology is systematically presented and supported by detailed calculations related to an artificial example.To validate the developed method,we used our numerical example and calculated the weights of criteria by CRITIC,Entropy,Standard Deviation and MEREC methods.Comparative analysis between these methods and the SPC method reveals that the developedmethod is a very reliable objective way to determine the weights of criteria.Additionally,in this study,we proposed the application of SPCmethod to evaluate the efficiency of themulti-criteria partitioning algorithm.The main idea of the evaluation is based on the following fact:the greater the uniformity of the weights of criteria,the higher the efficiency of the partitioning algorithm.The research demonstrates that the SPC method can be applied to solving different multi-criteria problems.

Numerical simulation of drop weight impact sensitivity evaluation criteria for pressed PBXs

A thorough understanding of drop-weight impacted responses for polymer-bonded explosives(PBXs)is significant to evaluate their impact sensitivity.The characteristics of the drop-weight impacted pressed PBXs including deforming,fracturing,forming a local high-temperature region and igniting,were simulated using a coupled mechanical-thermo-chemical model integrating micro-defects evolution.A novel evaluation method for impact sensitivity is established using the relation between the input kinetic energy and the output energy due to deformation,crushing energy,local hot spot energy and ignition.The effects of impact velocity on sensitivity were analyzed and the critical local ignition impact velocity is determined as 4.0-4.5 m/s.The simulated results show that shear-crack friction heating is the dominant ignition mechanism.The region along the boundary of PBXs sample is the most hazardous regions where ignition first occur.The propagation of stress wave in PBXs causes shear-crack hotspot and bulk temperature exhibiting an approximate 45°direction evolution path,which is the main reason that dominated damage-ignition region transits from the boundary to the central of sample.

Auditory steady-state evoked response in diagnosing and evaluating hearing in infants

BACKGROUND: Auditory steady-state evoked response (ASSR) is one of the new objective electrophysiological methods to test hearing in infants. It can provide a reliable and complete audiogram with specific frequency to help the hearing diagnosis and rehabilitation of hearing and languaging following auditory screening. OBJECTIVE: To compare the response threshold of ASSR with auditory threshold of visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) in infants failed in the hearing screening for investigating their hearing loss. DESIGN: A comparative observation. SETTINGS: Maternal and child health care hospitals of Guangdong province, Shunde city, Nanhai city and Huadu district. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 321 infants of 0-3 years undergoing ASSR test were selected from the Hearing Center of Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2002 to December 2004. Informed consents were obtained from their guardians. There were 193 cases (60.2%) of 0-6 months, 31 cases (9.7%) of 7-12 months, 17 cases (5.3%) of 13-18 months, 14 cases (4.4%) of 19-24 months, 33 cases of 25-30 months, and 33 cases (10.2%) of 31-36 months. METHODS: ① The 321 infants failed in the hearing screening were tested under sleeping status, the ranges of response threshold distribution in ASSR of different frequencies were analyzed in each age group. ② The infants above 2 years old were also tested with VRA, and their response thresholds were compared between VRA and ASSR. ③ Evaluative standards: The response threshold was < 30 dB for normal hearing, 31-50 dB for mild hearing loss, 51-70 dB for moderate hearing loss, 71-90 dB for severe hearing loss, and > 91 dB for extremely severe hearing loss. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① ASSR results of the infants failed in the screening; ② Proportion of cases of each response threshold in each age group; ③ Comparison of ASSR response thresholds and VRA auditory thresholds in the infants of 2-3 years old. RESULTS: ①The response threshold was < 30 dB in 47.4% of the 321 infants failed in the initial hearing screening and secondary screening after 42 days. ② Severe to extremely severe hearing loss was detected in only 16 cases (8.3%) of the 193 infants of 0-6 months, in 9 cases (27.3%) of the 33 infants of 25-30 months, and 13 cases (39.4%) of the 33 infants of 31-36 months. Of the 193 infants of 0-6 months old who failed in the initial screening and the second screening after 42 days, the ASSR auditory threshold was < 30 dB in 97 cases (50.26%), 31-50 dB in 63 cases (32.6%), 51-70 dB in 17 cases (8.8%), 71-90 dB in 7 cases (3.6%), and > 91 dB in 9 cases (4.7%). ③ Among the 321 infants failed in the screening, the auditory threshold in the 6 age groups was < 30 dB in 47.4%, 31-50 dB in 27.1%, 51-70 dB in 8.4%, 71-90 dB in 6.2%, and > 91 dB in 10.9%. ④ The difference between ASSR response threshold and VRA auditory thresholds was 6-18 dB in the normal hearing group, mild and moderate hearing loss groups, and there was high correlation between them. The difference of ASSR and VRA thresholds was less than 5 dB between extremely severe and severe hearing loss groups, 5-13 dB between extremely severe and moderate-to-severe hearing loss groups (P < 0.05), and there was no significant differences between severe and moderate-to-severe hearing loss groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: ① The hearing was normal in about half of the infants, although they failed in the primary screening and secondary screening. ② The proportion of the severity of hearing loss was increased along with aging. ③ Mild and moderate hearing losses are dominant in infants. ④ ASSR is reliable to evaluate the hearing of infants.

Maximum Entropy Distribution Function and Uncertainty Evaluation Criteria

Marine environmental design parameter extrapolation has important applications in marine engineering and coastal disaster prevention.The distribution models used for environmental design parameter usually pass the hypothesis tests in statistical analysis,but the calculation results of different distribution models often vary largely.In this paper,based on the information entropy,the overall uncertainty test criteria were studied for commonly used distributions including Gumbel,Weibull,and Pearson-III distribution.An improved method for parameter estimation of the maximum entropy distribution model is proposed on the basis of moment estimation.The study in this paper shows that the number of sample data and the degree of dispersion are proportional to the information entropy,and the overall uncertainty of the maximum entropy distribution model is minimal compared with other models.

Seismic risk evaluation for a planning mountain tunnel using improved analytical hierarchy process based on extension theory

Seismic risk evaluation(SRE) in early stages(e.g., project planning and preliminary design)for a mountain tunnel located in seismic areas has the same importance as that in final stages(e.g.,performance-based design, structural analysis, and optimization). SRE for planning mountain tunnels bridges the gap between the planning on the macro level and the design/analysis on the micro level regarding the risk management of infrastructural systems. A transition from subjective or qualitative description to objective or quantitative quantification of seismic risk is aimed to improve the seismic behavior of the mountain tunnel and thus reduce the associated seismic risk. A new method of systematic SRE for the planning mountain tunnel was presented herein. The method employs extension theory(ET)and an ET-based improved analytical hierarchy process. Additionally, a new risk-classification criterion is proposed to classify and quantify the seismic risk for a planning mountain tunnel. This SRE method is applied to a mountain tunnel in southwest China, using the extension model based on matter element theory and dependent function operation.The reasonability and flexibility of the SRE method for application to the mountain tunnel are illustrated.According to different seismic risk levels and classification criteria, methods and measures for improving the seismic design are proposed, which can reduce the seismic risk and provide a frame of reference for elaborate seismic design.

Geological characteristics,evaluation criteria and discovery significance of Paleogene Yingxiongling shale oil in Qaidam Basin,NW China

Major breakthroughs of shale oil exploration have been made recently in the upper member of Paleogene Lower Ganchaigou Formation of Yingxiongling area, Qaidam Basin. However, the low total organic carbon content of saline-lacustrine source rock, and unclear genetic mechanism, evaluation criteria and resources potential of the shale oil have restricted the exploration and evaluation of Yingxiongling shale oil. Through analysis of large amounts of cores, well drilling, seismic, laboratory test data and integrated study, focusing on the shale and mixed types of shale oil reservoirs characterized by high-frequency interbedded organic-rich laminated shale and limy dolomite, it is concluded that the shale oil in the upper member of Lower Ganchaigou Formation in the Yingxiongling area have six geological characteristics:(1) two-stage hydrocarbon generation of hydrogen-rich source rock and large amount of retained oil;(2) multiple types of reservoir space and good reservoir properties;(3)source-reservoir integration, thick “sweet spot” and high oil-bearing grade;(4) high pressure coefficient between and under salt layers, and sufficient formation energy;(5) high content of light components, high gas-oil ratio, and good quality of the crude oil;(6) high content of brittle minerals and good fracability. The evaluation criterion of shale oil is preliminarily established based on the eight parameters: total organic carbon content, maturity, effective porosity, oil saturation, brittle mineral content,pressure coefficient, lamellation density, and burial depth. Combined with parameters of E32 source rock thickness, area, vertical distribution of oil layers, and free hydrocarbon content, the shale oil resources have been preliminarily estimated as 21×10^(8) t.The structurally stable area is the predominant objective of shale oil exploration and the favorable exploration area for Yingxiongling shale oil is nearly 800 km^(2).

Sweet spot evaluation and exploration practice of lacustrine shale oil of the second member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong sag, Bohai Bay Basin

Based on core,thin section,X-ray diffraction,rock pyrolysis,CT scanning,nuclear magnetic resonance and oil testing data,the macro and micro components,sedimentary structure characteristics,of Paleogene Kong 2 Member in Cangdong sag of Huanghua depression and evaluation standard and method of shale oil reservoir were studied to sort out the best shale sections for shale oil horizontal wells.According to the dominant rock type,rhythmic structure and logging curve characteristics,four types of shale lithofacies were identified,namely,thin-layered dolomitic shale,lamellar mixed shale,lamellar felsic shale,and bedded dolomitic shale,and the Kong 21 sub-member was divided into four quasi-sequences,PS1 to PS4.The PS1 shale has a porosity higher than 6%,clay content of less than 20%,and S1 of less than 4 mg/g;the PS2 shale has well-developed laminar structure,larger pore and throat size,better connectivity of pores and throats,high contents of TOC and movable hydrocarbon,S1 of over 4 mg/g,clay content of less than 20%,and porosity of more than 4%;PS3 shale has S1 value higher than 6 mg/g and clay content of 20%-30%,and porosity of less than 4%;and PS4 shale has lower TOC content and low oil content.Shale oil reservoir classification criterion based on five parameters,free hydrocarbon content S1,shale rhythmic structure,clay content,TOC and porosity,was established.The evaluation method of shale oil sweet spot by using the weighted five parameters,and the evaluation index EI were proposed.Through comprehensive analysis,it is concluded that PS2 is best in quality and thus the dual geological and engineering sweet spot of shale oil,PS3 and PS1 come next,the former is more geologic sweet spot,the latter more engineering sweet spot,and PS4 is the poorest.Several vertical and horizontal wells drilled in the PS2 and PS3 sweet spots obtained high oil production.Among them,Well 1701 H has produced stably for 623 days,with cumulative production of over 10000 tons,showing bright exploration prospects of Kong 2 Member shale oil.

An Application of Grey Clustering Method in the Sporting Clothing Style Evaluation

In this paper, a Grey clustering method is applied to the evaluation research of sporting clothing style, the result shows that the methods proposed in the paper is feasible and effective.

Energy increment criteria for evaluation of train derailment

The criteria for evaluation of train derailment were studied. The worldwide commonly used evaluation criteria for wheel derailment were summarized and their main problems were pointed out. The mechanism of train derailment was expounded on the basis of system dynamics stability concept. And the energy increment criteria were proposed to evaluate train derailment. By applying the criteria, the calculated results concerning 6 cases of freight train derailment on tangent railway line and 6 cases of freight train derailment on bridge were obtained, which are all in agreement with the practical situation. The safety, comfort and stability results concerning 3 cases of freight train running on bridge were analyzed. In addition, the running speed limits of freight train on the Yanconggou and Donggou bridge in the Beijing-Tonghua railway line of 50km/h and 60km/h, respectively, were proposed. And the running speed of freight train on the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge can reach 70km/h.

AIRCRAFT CONCEPT EVALUATION AND EFFECTIVENESS-BASED DECISION-MAKING

Based on effectiveness analysis , a novel method is presented for combat aircraft top-hierarchy concept evaluation and decision-making. Applying multi-criterion decision-making ( MCDM ) and analytic hierarchy process , the new method can help to overcome the limitations of existing evaluation systems and decision-make methods.The proposed method includes the following process :( 1 ) Establish a multi-criterion and multi-hierarchy evaluation attribute system by introducing combat effectiveness ;( 2 ) Assign weight to the attributes and normalize them ;( 3 ) Evaluate and decision-make top-hierarchy aircraft concept based on effectiveness to reach a satisfactory design by comprehensively applying four multi-criterion decision-making methodologies , i.e.grey correlation projection method , weighted summation method , weighted quadrature method and ideal solution decision-making method , while considering the attribute hierarchy system and the logical relations among the attributes.Finally , an example is given to indicate the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.

考虑结构面震动劣化效应的岩质边坡块体动力稳定性评价

为解决岩质边坡块体在地震作用下的动力稳定性评价问题,基于结构面的循环剪切数值试验研究结构面的震动劣化效应,从而构建结构面震动劣化数学模型;结合坐标投影原理提出考虑结构面强度震动劣化效应的块体动力稳定性系数计算方法;基于数值分析法研究地震波波动特性对岩质边坡块体稳定性的影响,并进一步基于突变理论提出位移动力响应放大系数突变判据,最后形成一套以块体动力稳定性系数时程曲线和位移动力响应放大系数共同评价块体动力稳定性的评价体系,拓展地震作用下块体动力稳定性评价新思路。研究表明,结构面震动劣化效应不仅受循环剪切幅值、循环剪切次数及相对运动速度影响,还与起伏角度密切相关;通过算例证实了考虑结构面震动劣化的块体动力稳定性系数计算方法的准确性,所提出的以块体动力稳定性系数时程曲线和位移动力响应放大系数的共同评价体系更加安全可靠,将促进块体动力稳定性理论的发展,对边坡地质灾害的防治具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。

疏浚吹填泥沙静态间歇沉降行为及其稳态宏观评价标准

关于疏浚吹填泥沙的静态间歇沉降行为与机理及其稳态宏观评价标准,目前暂未深入研究。这是当今疏浚吹填泥沙地基采用真空过滤排水固结技术进行处理时无法科学判断最佳启动时间的主要原因之一。鉴于此,先对疏浚吹填泥沙的静态间歇沉降行为进行理论研究,建立了颗粒悬浮液的沉降速度与平均孔隙比的理论关系式。然后,获取典型工程现场的疏浚吹填泥沙,配制典型浓度试样,开展静态间歇沉降模型试验研究。研究结果表明:(1)黏粒(d<0.005mm)含量是影响疏浚吹填泥沙静态间歇沉降行为与机理的关键因素之一;(2)颗粒通量最大值Gmax往往出现在试验难以测出的非常低的浓度条件下,且黏粒含量越高,越难通过试验方式测得;(3)对于黏粒含量为40%~60%的疏浚吹填泥沙,建议将“平均孔隙比累计变化率为60%~75%”作为静态间歇沉降稳定状态的宏观评价标准。

基于ARIMA模型的矿井灾害预测方法研究

矿井灾害频发是影响我国煤炭产业发展的重要问题之一,灾前预警技术是目前应对这一问题的主要方法。为进一步提升矿井灾害监测预警能力,提出了基于ARIMA模型的矿井灾害预测方法研究。通过确立灾害风险监测指标构建了安全态势评估指标体系,基于时序预测法建立了灾害预测评估模型,经模型定阶及训练等过程确定最佳ARIMA预测模型参数。通过研究模型残差的正态性分布从而得到预测模型可靠度,将ARIMA(10,0,0)模型与时间序列拟合后进行自相关图和偏自相关图分析,得到了风险灾害未来短期预测结果;提出了“红橙黄蓝绿”5级灾害预警等级和准则,并进行了现场应用试验,结果证明,ARIMA模型对未来值的预测具有较高准确性,系统能及时对灾害进行预测和分级响应,可实现对矿井灾害的风险判别和预测预警。

基于时频分析的机场跑道平整度评价方法

机场跑道平整度是道面评价的重要内容,目前常用的平整度评价方法无法确定不平整在跑道上的分布情况,也无法针对不同机型飞机的滑跑安全性进行分类评价。基于此,提出了一种基于时频分析的跑道平整度评价方法。基于飞机三自由度动力模型,采用参数化分析方法对飞机以不同速度在具有不同振幅、不同波长的不平整跑道上滑跑时飞机重心处竖向加速度均方根分布特征进行统计分析;反算飞机重心处竖向加速度均方根为0.25g和0.4g时对应的跑道不平整信号的振幅、波长与滑跑速度,建立基于跑道不平整信号频域信息与飞机滑跑速度的飞机滑跑安全振动判断曲面;采用S变换方法对机场跑道高程进行时频分析,得到跑道不同位置处不平整信号的波长与振幅分布曲面;分析飞机在跑道上不同位置的滑跑速度,以坐标位置代替滑跑速度,形成基于跑道不平整信号频域信息与跑道位置的飞机滑跑安全振动判断曲面;与S变换获得的曲面叠加,得到基于时频分析的跑道平整度评价曲面。与现有评价方法相比,所提方法可以对跑道具体位置的平整度情况进行评价,并能够根据不同的机型对跑道平整度分级评价。

唐山矿0291工作面断层活化判别方法及稳定性评价

断层构造的存在破坏附近煤岩体的完整性,使得工作面在回采过程中较寻常地质回采时应力特征发生变化。为保障唐山矿0291工作面安全通过断层,考虑地应力大小与方向、断层面产状和断层力学参数等综合因素,构建了断层稳定性的判据方程,获得判据值f;当f小于0时,断层相对稳定,当f接近于0值时,该断层为临界不稳定状态。通过FLAC3D数值模拟软件建立0291工作面回采的数值模型,模拟结果表明:受采动影响,工作面超前5~30 m间应力集中现象明显,对工作面范围内断层的影响较大,应力峰值出现在工作面超前10 m位置。建立监测测点,提取工作面范围内的地应力数据,按照文中理论计算了唐山矿0291工作面内12条断层的f值,结果表明,该工作面内断层的f值均小于0,进而确定0291工作面内相对稳定,在回采过程中的活化可能较小。

综合多指标评价法在河流健康评价中的应用研究综述

为了解当前综合多指标评价法的研究进展和方向,补充评价指标筛选的原则与方法,概述了国内外综合多指标评价法在河流健康评价中的研究进展。首先,通过追溯国内外文献资料,从河流健康评价对象和评价方式的角度总结了综合多指标评价的概念和评估原理,并以云南省河长制关于河流健康评价的目标-准则-指标结构为例,说明河流健康评价的3个层次结构。其次,重点强调了综合多指标评价法目前的研究进展和指标选用的合理性。最后,就综合多指标评价法存在的问题进行分析,并提出相应的解决方法,为中国河流健康管理提供参考,为各地河长制的顺利推进提供科技支撑。

何为经典怎样建构——以沈从文“伟大中国文学作品”观为中心的讨论

作为中国现代文坛一位风格独特的重要作家,沈从文终其一生都对“伟大中国文学作品”念兹在兹,并通过各种方式表达了自己对于文学经典的独到理解。在沈从文看来,真正的“伟大中国文学作品”,应该是“现实性”“独创性”“历史性”与“世界性”的统一体;而要创作出“伟大中国文学作品”,则应重点从创作体裁、创作态度、语言文字、文学批评生态四方面建构标准,沈从文的“伟大中国文学作品”观对中国现代文学创作影响深远。

道路分隔栏的安全性能评价研究

通过对道路分隔栏的实际应用情况与车辆碰撞事故特征分析,在借鉴国内外相关规范的基础上,从碰撞车型、碰撞质量、碰撞速度、碰撞角度、碰撞点位置等因素出发,结合分隔栏事故特征和车辆乘员安全指标,研究确定了道路分隔栏的碰撞试验参数与安全性能评价标准,并利用该试验参数和评价标准,通过有限元仿真技术手段对目前常见的道路分隔栏结构进行了安全性能评价.研究表明:在车辆碰撞分隔栏的事故中,事故车辆主要为小型客车,且分隔栏杆侵入乘员舱造成人员伤害的案例较多,而其他类型伤害较少,因此分隔栏在实际使用中应主要考察车辆碰撞时分隔栏及其构件因为刺入乘员舱对乘员伤害的可能;在1.5 t小客车以60 km/h速度正碰条件下,某常用道路分隔栏的横向杆件侵入了车辆乘员舱,其安全性能不满足评价标准要求.研究成果为道路分隔栏安全性能评价标准的制定提供了一定借鉴作用.

企业的质量奖设立研究

当前我国已转向高质量发展阶段,要推动质的有效提升和量的合理增长。新时代的质量含义不仅仅是产品和服务质量,还包含了经营管理质量和发展质量,因此质量是企业持续经营和发展的重要保障,是企业的生命力。而设立和评选质量奖是国家、各级政府、组织鼓励和引导不断提升质量水平,打造质量品牌的重要手段。介绍了国内外的主要质量奖并对比了异同,分析了设立企业质量奖的意义和必要性,提出了设置奖项的思路,并给出了奖项设置和评选标准的参考。

Large, moderate, small earthquakes and seismic fortification criterion

This paper discusses the relation between two-step seismic design and the standard of probability of exceedance, and the relation of three-levels seismic ground motion parameters given by probability method and comprehensive probability method. The relative size relations of the ground motions with 2%, 10%, 63% probability of exceedance in 50 years, namely large earthquake, moderate earthquake, and small earthquake, are discussed through a practical example of seismic hazard analysis. The methods to determine seismic fortification criterion are discussed.