Exergy-energy analysis of full repowering of a steam power plant

A 320 MW old steam power plant has been chosen for repowering in this paper. Considering the technical conditions and working life of the power plant, the full repowering method has been selected from different repowering methods. The power plant repower- ing has been analyzed for three different feed water flow rates： a flow rate equal to the flow rate at the condenser exit in the original plant when it works at nominal load, a flow rate at maximum load, and a flow rate when all the extractions are blocked. For each flow rates, two types of gas turbines have been examined： V94.2 and V94.3A. The effect of a duct burner has then been investigated in each of the above six cases. Steam is produced by a double- pressure heat recovery steam generator （HRSG） with reheat which obtains its required heat from the exhaust gases coming from the gas turbines. The results obtained from modeling and analyzing the energy-exergy of the original steam power plant and the repowered power plant indicate that the maximum efficiency of the repowered power plant is 52.04%. This maximum efficiency occurs when utilizing two V94.3A gas turbines without duct burner in the steam flow rate of the nominal load.

Condenser Optimization in Steam Power Plant

In this paper the effects of the condenser design parameters(such as turbine inlet condition.turbine power and condenser pressure) on heat transfer area,cooling water flow-rate.condenser cost and specific energy generation cost are studied for surface type condenser.The results are given in the text and also shown as diagrams.

Short-term Scheduling of Steam Power System in Iron and Steel Industry under Time-of-use Power Price

A generalized formulation for short-term scheduling of steam power system in iron and steel industry under the time-of-use（TOU）power price was presented,with minimization of total operational cost including fuel cost,equipment maintenance cost and the charge of exchange power with main grid.The model took into account the varying nature of surplus byproduct gas flows,several practical technical constraints and the impact of TOU power price.All major types of utility equipments,involving boilers,steam turbines,combined heat and power（CHP）units,and waste heat and energy recovery generators（WHERG）,were separately modeled using thermodynamic balance equations and regression method.In order to solve this complex nonlinear optimization model,a new improved particle swarm optimization（IPSO）algorithm was proposed by incorporating time-variant parameters,a selfadaptive mutation scheme and efficient constraint handling strategies.Finally,a case study for a real industrial example was used for illustrating the model and validating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Performance Analysis of Induced Draft Fan Driven by Steam Turbine for 1000 MW Power Units

Boiler fan is the main power consumption device in thermal power units and the induced draft fan accounted for the largest proportion. Reducing the energy consumption rate of induced draft fan is the main path to reduce the power consumption rate of thermal power units. The induce fan driven by small turbine is greatly effective for reducing the power consumption rate and the supply coal consumption rate in large thermal power plant. Take 1000 MW power units for example, the selection of steam source for steam turbine were discussed and economic performance of the unit under different steam source was compared in this paper. The result shows that compared with the motor driven method, there is about 1.6 g/kWh decrease in supply coal consumption rate driven by the fourth stage extraction steam;whereas there is about 2.5 g/kWh decrease in supply coal consumption rate driven by the fifth stage extraction steam.

Transient Analysis of Steam Generator in PWR Nuclear Power Plant

The water level control system of steam generator in a pressurized water reactor of nuchear power plant plays an important role which effects the water level control of the steam generator are due the reverse dynamics behavior,so the transient analysis of the steam generator should firstly solve their mathematical models.For determination of dynamic behavior and design and testing of the control system, a nonlinear math model is developed using one dimensional conservation equations of mass,momentum and energy of primary and secondary sides of the steam generator. The nonlinear model is verified with standard power plant data available in the references, then the steady states and transient calculations are performed for full power to 5% power reactor operation of the steam generator of Chinese Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant.

Hangzhou Steam Turbine Power(Group)Co.Ltd

The Hangzhou Steam Turbine Power(Group) Co. Ltd (HSTPC) wastransformed into a corporation solelyowned by the state and put into operation inJune 1995. achieving a sales income of overRMB 260 million in the same year (11.59%up from the previous year) and pretax profitsof RMB 41.5 million (a 7.68% increase overthe previous year), of which RMB 21.5 millionwere profits (an increase of 18.44% over theprevious year). The leading product of theHSTPC -- the industrial steam turbine --

Nonlinear Steam Valve Adaptive Controller Design for the Power Systems

Considering generator rotor and valve by external disturbances for turbine regulating system, the nonlinear large disturbance attenuation controller and parameter updating law of turbine speed governor system are designed using backstepping method. The controller not only considers transmission line parameter uncer-tainty, and has attenuated the influences of large external disturbances on system output. The nonlinear con-troller does not have the sensitivity to the influences of external disturbances, but also has strong robustness for system parameters variation, which is because of the transmission line uncertainty being considered in internal disturbances. The simulation results show that the control effect of the large disturbance attenuation controller more advantages by comparing with the control performance of conventional nonlinear robust controller.

Design of Steam Turbine for Electric Power Production Using Heat Energy from Palm Kernel Shell

The steam turbine is a prime mover that converts kinetic energy in steam into rotational mechanical energy through the impact or reaction of the steam against the blades. The aim of this study is to design a steam turbine for a small scale steam power plant with target of producing electricity. The turbine is driven by the heat energy from palm kernel shells as a renewable energy source obtained at a lower or no cost. The study was concentrated on design of turbine elements and its validation using computer packages. Specifically, the microturbine design was limited to design, modeling, simulation and analysis of the rotor, blades and nozzle under the palm kernel shell as fuel for the micro power plant. In blade design, stress failures, efficiency and blade angle parameters were considered. In casing volume design, the overall heat transfer and mean temperature, and different concepts were applied. The thermal distribution on stator and rotor was considered in order to determine its level of tolerance. The design software packages used for design validation were Solidworks and Comsol Multiphysics for analysis. Simulation results showed that the designed steam turbine can adequately tolerate change in stress/load, torsion/compression, temperature and speeds.

Forced Compressed Air Cooling System for a 300 MW Steam Turbine in Waigaoqiao Power Plant

The 300 MW steam turbine installed in Waigaoqiao Power Plant with combined HPIP cylinders of double casing structure is a product of the Shanghai Turbine Works utilizing licensed technology. It has a large heat storage capacity and good thermal insulation, so the metal temperature of first stage of HP cylinder (FSMTI) may reach 400-450℃ after shut down and it takes 7-8 days to cool to 150℃ by natural cooling, Now with a forced cooling system the cooling time may be reduced to 40 hours, so that the turbine may be opened for repair work in about 5-6 days. The cooling system for #2 unit and test procedure are briefly described below.

A Novel Computerized Water Level Control System of PWR Steam Generator of Nuclear Power Plant

This paper presents a novel method to solve old problem of water level control system of pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator (SG) of nuclear power plant (NPP) .The level control system of SG plays an important role which effects the reliablity,safty,cost of SG and its mathematical models have been solved.A model of the conventional controller is presented and the existing problems are discussed. A novel rule based realtime control technique is designed with a computerized water level control (CWLC) system for SG of PWR NPP.The performance of this is evaluated for full power reactor operating conditions by applying different transient conditions of SG′s data of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (QNPP).

16m双柱立车在核电汽轮机低压内缸研制中的必要性分析

本文根据自主型核电汽轮机低压内缸结构、尺寸、重量、精度,加工现状,以及核电汽轮机发展趋势和市场前景,提出了添制16 m双柱立车在核电汽轮机低压内缸研制中的必要性,同时拟定了机床的主要技术参数。

自主核电汽轮机低压内缸研制技术探究

为了提高在制自主核电汽轮机低压内缸研制水平,文章对缸的设计结构、制造工艺、加工机床等环节进行了深入剖析,拟定出缸的结构优化、工艺完善、立车改造方案,有效提高了缸的研制质量,大幅降低了缸的研制费用。先进的技术方案、优良的经济效果,为机组进一步抢占国内外市场和公司目前推进的智能制造创出了一条新思路。

华龙一号核电机组的供热方案探讨

文章分析了核电机组供热特点。针对华龙一号汽轮机组进行了两种不同供热方案的设计,对比分析了两种供热方案下汽轮机机组的出力,不同负荷下供热量和供热压力的影响等,从而针对不同需求推荐相应的供热方案。

百万千瓦级核电汽轮机通流改造提效的研究与应用

由于汽轮机通流技术更新迭代及核电厂延寿、提升效率的需求,核电汽轮机在运行20~30年后需要考虑进行一次整体通流改造。某集团2003年投产的两台百万千瓦级合资型汽轮机改造前存在出力达不到设计值问题,通过研究汽轮机隔板通流面积与反应堆的匹配关系并考虑大修工期及造价因素,进行更换前、后流道第一级隔板和后流道第3级隔板的通流改造,改造后两台合资型汽轮机分别提升出力10.02MW、6.98MW。该集团1994年投产的两台百万千瓦级进口型汽轮机长期运行后暴露出铆钉头冲刷脱落、静叶摩擦阻力及扰动损失大、低压缸余速损失大的问题,在20年大修窗口进行高压缸转子、隔板等通流部件更换的通流改造,改造后两台进口型汽轮机分别提升出力8.8MW、8.6MW。

基于相位补偿的过热汽温自抗扰控制

随着可再生能源接入电网比例的逐步增大,热力发电厂需要应对更加频繁、更大范围的负荷变化,给电厂的高阶大惯性过热汽温过程的控制带来严峻的挑战。为此,文中针对一类高阶大惯性过热汽温过程,提出一种基于相位补偿的自抗扰控制(phase compensation based active disturbance rejection control,PC-ADRC)方法。首先,阐述过热汽温系统的工作原理和控制难点。然后,采用低频近似法详细推导相位补偿(phase compensation,PC)网络模型,提出采用PC网络对模型动态特性进行补偿,得到等效降阶模型的简化思路。为便于工程应用,给出PC-ADRC系统的简单实现方法和等效模型分析。最后,对PC-ADRC系统的稳定性和鲁棒性进行研究。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提出的PC-ADRC系统能有效提升高阶过程控制系统的鲁棒性和快速响应能力。

汽轮机高位布置燃煤发电系统调频动态特性模拟研究

汽轮机高位布置技术可大幅缩短四大管道的长度,降低四大管道阻力,有望在降低发电煤耗率的同时提升机组的响应能力。采用GSE软件建立了660MW汽轮机高位布置超超临界燃煤发电机组动态模型,研究了主汽阀、高加抽汽节流和低加抽汽节流参与一次调频时的调节性能,并与汽轮机常规布置机组进行比较。结果表明:汽轮机高位布置可减少主汽阀参与一次调频时的调节时间,负荷扰动分别为-0.3%P e、-0.4%P e和-0.5%P e时,高位布置机组的调节时间分别减少了2s、2.1s和2.6s,负荷扰动分别为+0.3%P e、+0.4%P e和+0.5%P e时调节时间减少了2.1s、3.5s和4.1s;但是汽轮机高位布置对抽汽节流参与调频时的调节时间影响较小。

基于过热蒸汽动能磨的粉煤灰超细粉碎技术

蒸汽动能磨是利用Laval喷嘴产生超音速气流加速粉碎腔中的物料,使物料在相互碰撞、摩擦中粉碎的技术,利用该技术进行粉煤灰的超细粉碎加工可高效、经济地制备各种微米尺度的粉煤灰超微粉体。在分析研究基于蒸汽动能磨的粉煤灰超细粉碎加工技术与现有粉煤灰粉碎技术优缺点的基础上,创造性地提出基于剪切粉碎的磨内三段式气体运动理论的过热蒸汽动能磨技术,基于该技术建成年产3万t的过热蒸汽动能磨中试试验装置,并连续稳定运行8个月。结果表明:生产粒径D97=15µm的高细粉煤灰时,其产量达到3.4 t/h;生产粒径D97=10µm的高细粉煤灰,产量达到1.8 t/h。该中试装置的运行数据为基于过热蒸汽动能磨的粉煤灰超微粉碎工业生产线的大规模应用提供了数据基础。

燃气发电厂电气能耗分析与节能降耗措施研究

该文依据近年来国际能源形势和国家的能源政策并结合燃气发电厂的特性,从企业生产成本、运营管理规范性、电磁损耗、辅机电气损耗和照明电气损耗等角度出发,对燃气发电厂存在的电气节能降耗问题进行探究分析,并提出具体的节能降耗措施。分析表明,通过优化电气设备的性能和管理模式,可以达到节能降耗和提高燃气电厂的经济效益的目的。

火电机组给水泵汽轮机振动跳闸的原因与防范措施

以某厂4#机组给水泵汽轮机突然出现1#轴承振动增大至保护值而导致机组跳闸为例,通过对该类生产事故的调查分析发现,转子联轴器不对中导致叠片式联轴器膜片断裂损坏,是给水泵汽轮机轴承振动增大的主要原因.为此,除及时采取相应的故障处理措施排除生产事故外,还根据此类故障产生的原因,提出相应的防范改进措施,以保障发电机组的安全运行.

舰用柴油机技术特点及未来发展趋势研究

介绍柴油机的技术特点及其在舰船中的应用,详细阐述其优势、劣势与动力型式。重点阐述不同舰船对柴油机的技术特点要求,重点对其舰用柴油机未来发展趋势及当前动向进行展望。随着技术的逐步完善,柴油机将在军用舰船上发挥更重要的作用。