Integration of a Gas Fired Steam Power Plant with a Total Site Utility Using a New Cogeneration Targeting Procedure

A steam power plant can work as a dual purpose plant for simultaneous production of steam and elec-trical power. In this paper we seek the optimum integration of a steam power plant as a source and a site utility sys-tem as a sink of steam and power. Estimation for the cogeneration potential prior to the design of a central utility system for site utility systems is vital to the targets for site fuel demand as well as heat and power production. In this regard, a new cogeneration targeting procedure is proposed for integration of a steam power plant and a site utility consisting of a process plant. The new methodology seeks the optimal integration based on a new cogenera-tion targeting scheme. In addition, a modified site utility grand composite curve(SUGCC) diagram is proposed and compared to the original SUGCC. A gas fired steam power plant and a process site utility is considered in a case study. The applicability of the developed procedure is tested against other design methods(STAR? and Thermoflex software) through a case study. The proposed method gives comparable results, and the targeting method is used for optimal integration of steam levels. Identifying optimal conditions of steam levels for integration is important in the design of utility systems, as the selection of steam levels in a steam power plant and site utility for integration greatly influences the potential for cogeneration and energy recovery. The integration of steam levels of the steam power plant and the site utility system in the case study demonstrates the usefulness of the method for reducing the overall energy consumption for the site.

Exergy-energy analysis of full repowering of a steam power plant

A 320 MW old steam power plant has been chosen for repowering in this paper. Considering the technical conditions and working life of the power plant, the full repowering method has been selected from different repowering methods. The power plant repower- ing has been analyzed for three different feed water flow rates： a flow rate equal to the flow rate at the condenser exit in the original plant when it works at nominal load, a flow rate at maximum load, and a flow rate when all the extractions are blocked. For each flow rates, two types of gas turbines have been examined： V94.2 and V94.3A. The effect of a duct burner has then been investigated in each of the above six cases. Steam is produced by a double- pressure heat recovery steam generator （HRSG） with reheat which obtains its required heat from the exhaust gases coming from the gas turbines. The results obtained from modeling and analyzing the energy-exergy of the original steam power plant and the repowered power plant indicate that the maximum efficiency of the repowered power plant is 52.04%. This maximum efficiency occurs when utilizing two V94.3A gas turbines without duct burner in the steam flow rate of the nominal load.

Condenser Optimization in Steam Power Plant

In this paper the effects of the condenser design parameters(such as turbine inlet condition.turbine power and condenser pressure) on heat transfer area,cooling water flow-rate.condenser cost and specific energy generation cost are studied for surface type condenser.The results are given in the text and also shown as diagrams.

Transient Analysis of Steam Generator in PWR Nuclear Power Plant

The water level control system of steam generator in a pressurized water reactor of nuchear power plant plays an important role which effects the water level control of the steam generator are due the reverse dynamics behavior,so the transient analysis of the steam generator should firstly solve their mathematical models.For determination of dynamic behavior and design and testing of the control system, a nonlinear math model is developed using one dimensional conservation equations of mass,momentum and energy of primary and secondary sides of the steam generator. The nonlinear model is verified with standard power plant data available in the references, then the steady states and transient calculations are performed for full power to 5% power reactor operation of the steam generator of Chinese Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant.

Forced Compressed Air Cooling System for a 300 MW Steam Turbine in Waigaoqiao Power Plant

The 300 MW steam turbine installed in Waigaoqiao Power Plant with combined HPIP cylinders of double casing structure is a product of the Shanghai Turbine Works utilizing licensed technology. It has a large heat storage capacity and good thermal insulation, so the metal temperature of first stage of HP cylinder (FSMTI) may reach 400-450℃ after shut down and it takes 7-8 days to cool to 150℃ by natural cooling, Now with a forced cooling system the cooling time may be reduced to 40 hours, so that the turbine may be opened for repair work in about 5-6 days. The cooling system for #2 unit and test procedure are briefly described below.

A Novel Computerized Water Level Control System of PWR Steam Generator of Nuclear Power Plant

This paper presents a novel method to solve old problem of water level control system of pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator (SG) of nuclear power plant (NPP) .The level control system of SG plays an important role which effects the reliablity,safty,cost of SG and its mathematical models have been solved.A model of the conventional controller is presented and the existing problems are discussed. A novel rule based realtime control technique is designed with a computerized water level control (CWLC) system for SG of PWR NPP.The performance of this is evaluated for full power reactor operating conditions by applying different transient conditions of SG′s data of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (QNPP).

Design of Steam Turbine for Electric Power Production Using Heat Energy from Palm Kernel Shell

The steam turbine is a prime mover that converts kinetic energy in steam into rotational mechanical energy through the impact or reaction of the steam against the blades. The aim of this study is to design a steam turbine for a small scale steam power plant with target of producing electricity. The turbine is driven by the heat energy from palm kernel shells as a renewable energy source obtained at a lower or no cost. The study was concentrated on design of turbine elements and its validation using computer packages. Specifically, the microturbine design was limited to design, modeling, simulation and analysis of the rotor, blades and nozzle under the palm kernel shell as fuel for the micro power plant. In blade design, stress failures, efficiency and blade angle parameters were considered. In casing volume design, the overall heat transfer and mean temperature, and different concepts were applied. The thermal distribution on stator and rotor was considered in order to determine its level of tolerance. The design software packages used for design validation were Solidworks and Comsol Multiphysics for analysis. Simulation results showed that the designed steam turbine can adequately tolerate change in stress/load, torsion/compression, temperature and speeds.

Some Technical Solutions for Environmental Protection System during Accidents at Nuclear Power Plants

The paper reports some technical solutions, which suggested or used for increasing of environmental protection during accidents at NPPs. For NNPs with two protective shells and pressure release system such as WWER-1000 a comprehensive, passive-mode environmental protection system of decontamination of the radioactive steam-air mixture from the containment and the intercontainment area was suggested. This system includes the “wet” stage (scrubbers, etc.), the “dry” stage (sorption module), and also an ejector, which in a passive mode is capable of solving the multi-purpose task of decontamination of the air-steam mixture. For WWER-440/230 NPPs three protection levels: 1) a jet-vortex condenser;2) the spray system;3) a sorption module were suggested and installed. For modern designs of new generation NPPs, which do not provide for pressure release systems, a new passive filtering system together with the passive heat-removal system, which can be used during severe accidents in case all power supply units become unavailable, was proposed and after modernization was installed at the KudanKulam NPP (India).

百万千瓦级核电汽轮机通流改造提效的研究与应用

由于汽轮机通流技术更新迭代及核电厂延寿、提升效率的需求,核电汽轮机在运行20~30年后需要考虑进行一次整体通流改造。某集团2003年投产的两台百万千瓦级合资型汽轮机改造前存在出力达不到设计值问题,通过研究汽轮机隔板通流面积与反应堆的匹配关系并考虑大修工期及造价因素,进行更换前、后流道第一级隔板和后流道第3级隔板的通流改造,改造后两台合资型汽轮机分别提升出力10.02MW、6.98MW。该集团1994年投产的两台百万千瓦级进口型汽轮机长期运行后暴露出铆钉头冲刷脱落、静叶摩擦阻力及扰动损失大、低压缸余速损失大的问题,在20年大修窗口进行高压缸转子、隔板等通流部件更换的通流改造,改造后两台进口型汽轮机分别提升出力8.8MW、8.6MW。

燃气发电厂电气能耗分析与节能降耗措施研究

该文依据近年来国际能源形势和国家的能源政策并结合燃气发电厂的特性,从企业生产成本、运营管理规范性、电磁损耗、辅机电气损耗和照明电气损耗等角度出发,对燃气发电厂存在的电气节能降耗问题进行探究分析,并提出具体的节能降耗措施。分析表明,通过优化电气设备的性能和管理模式,可以达到节能降耗和提高燃气电厂的经济效益的目的。

火电厂源侧综合能源系统集成及性能评估研究

本文建立了以火电厂为核心,消纳可再生能源并提供冷热电汽综合能源服务的一套能源系统,通过对整体系统及关键子系统热力性能分析,验证了提出模型和方法的有效性。并研究了一些关键运行参数对系统综合性能的影响,验证了提出模型和方法的有效性和优越性。结果表明:通过改变火电厂的源侧参数,可以提高综合能源系统荷侧的输出量;且生物质转化气对汽轮机发电功率的影响最大。热泵系统的负荷随着进入系统中的给水流量的增大而增大,利用汽轮机中的部分抽汽来驱动热泵系统,虽然发电功率下降了10.88%,但是却为用户提供了16.8MW的热负荷和16.2MW的冷负荷以及27.78t/h的蒸汽量。

汽轮机高位布置燃煤发电系统调频动态特性模拟研究

汽轮机高位布置技术可大幅缩短四大管道的长度,降低四大管道阻力,有望在降低发电煤耗率的同时提升机组的响应能力。采用GSE软件建立了660MW汽轮机高位布置超超临界燃煤发电机组动态模型,研究了主汽阀、高加抽汽节流和低加抽汽节流参与一次调频时的调节性能,并与汽轮机常规布置机组进行比较。结果表明:汽轮机高位布置可减少主汽阀参与一次调频时的调节时间,负荷扰动分别为-0.3%P e、-0.4%P e和-0.5%P e时,高位布置机组的调节时间分别减少了2s、2.1s和2.6s,负荷扰动分别为+0.3%P e、+0.4%P e和+0.5%P e时调节时间减少了2.1s、3.5s和4.1s;但是汽轮机高位布置对抽汽节流参与调频时的调节时间影响较小。

军用舰船动力装置技术应用现状及未来趋势展望

以动力装置对军用舰船的影响作为切入点,概要介绍舰船动力装置的定义及相关技术要求,并对柴油机、汽轮机、燃气轮机等几类常见动力装置的技术特点及应用现状进行重点研究,随后对相关动力装置的当前主要技术问题进行详尽阐述。最后,对上述舰船动力装置的未来发展趋势及相关技术研发策略开展重点研究。就目前而言。柴油机是中、小型舰船(涵盖各类水面舰船与潜艇)和军辅船的重点发展方向;燃料电池与斯特林发动机是常规潜艇不依赖空气的推进(AIP)系统的重点发展方向;汽轮机和燃气轮机是大、中型水面舰船动力装置的重点发展方向;核动力装置则是航空母舰与核潜艇的重点发展方向。考虑到国际局势的风云变幻,针对动力装置的设计、研发、制造与优化能进一步提升舰船的整体性能,为我国的海防事业作出不可磨灭的贡献。

基于CFD的阀门保温层传热仿真分析

非能动二次侧余热排出(PRS)系统的蒸汽管道与主蒸汽管道相连,给水管线与PRS系统凝水管线相连。在开展系统热工流体分析时发现,若非能动二次侧余热排出系统蒸汽管线与二回路主蒸汽管线之间的蒸汽隔离阀常开,高温蒸汽直接作用于阀门,加上保温层的作用阻碍阀门散热,可能会导致蒸汽隔离阀内部温度过高,引起阀门电装无法正常动作。本文计算分析了PRS系统蒸汽隔离阀带保温层状态下的传热情况,判断阀门在高温流体下是否能保证电机的可用性。

基于遗传算法的核电站汽轮机抽汽流量优化计算

为提高核电站汽轮机系统的效率和运行性能,确保经济、稳定和可靠的电力供应,开展基于遗传算法的核电站汽轮机抽汽流量优化计算研究。利用神经网络预测核电站汽轮机抽汽流量,以核电站汽轮机抽汽流量为优化目标,各抽汽口抽汽流量和一、二级再热蒸汽流量为优化变量,采用遗传算法进行核电站汽轮机抽汽流量优化计算目标函数求解,所得最优解即为抽汽流量优化计算结果。实验结果表明,该方法的核电站汽轮机抽汽流量优化计算结果与实际值更接近,说明该方法的计算精准度高,应用效果好。

基于超声TOFD技术的管道焊缝在役检查方案研究

为增强“华龙一号”核电机组主蒸汽管道焊缝在役阶段缺陷定量的准确性,利用便携式自动超声TOFD检测系统对52mm厚低合金钢产品环焊缝开展检测试验,结果表明,超声TOFD技术可以较好地适用于厚壁焊接结构的检测,具有较高的检测灵敏度。基于对超声TOFD技术近表面盲区问题的分析讨论,提出了采用超声TOFD技术与常规脉冲反射技术相结合的方案对“华龙一号”核电厂主蒸汽管道焊缝进行自动化超声检查,以满足焊缝缺陷精确定量和结构完整性评价需要。

基于再热蒸汽抽汽-熔盐储热的火电系统分析

提出了一种基于再热蒸汽-抽汽熔盐储热的火电联合系统,通过建立仿真模型对系统的运行过程及效率进行了分析。为了使熔盐放热过程匹配主蒸汽温度,需要在抽汽充热过程之后再配置电加热器对熔盐提温,在此基础上研究了充热过程平均换热温差、放热过程夹点温差、低温储热温度对系统性能参数的影响。结果表明:充热过程中维持10 K平均换热温差,放热夹点温差从5 K增加至15 K会导致最高等效往返效率从88.2%降低至85.0%,同时最佳储热温度从314℃升高至324℃;放热过程中维持10 K夹点温差,充热过程的平均换热温差从5 K增加至15 K时,最高等效往返效率从89.5%降低至85.8%;2个温差均在10 K时,机组的最高等效往返效率为87.1%,该条件下运行时机组最低负荷可从30%下调至24.3%。

蒸汽介质下的温度传感器响应时间研究

根据堆型研发设计对温度传感器的响应时间需求,针对温度传感器无法给出蒸汽介质下响应时间具体数值的问题,研究了基于11种工况的蒸汽介质下响应时间测量仿真分析和试验。通过仿真,研究了不同蒸汽介质工况下对温度传感器响应时间的影响与变化规律。结合11种工况的试验结果数据,得出实际蒸汽介质下各种因素组合影响的温度传感器动态响应结果。该研究具有实践指导意义,能推动保护功能的设计固化。该研究可为核电工程提供一定的理论参考。

舰用柴油机技术特点及未来发展趋势研究

介绍柴油机的技术特点及其在舰船中的应用,详细阐述其优势、劣势与动力型式。重点阐述不同舰船对柴油机的技术特点要求,重点对其舰用柴油机未来发展趋势及当前动向进行展望。随着技术的逐步完善,柴油机将在军用舰船上发挥更重要的作用。

某垃圾焚烧发电厂汽机房自然通风计算方法探讨

[目的]为简化传统电厂汽机房自然进风、自然排风中和面选取及百叶面积计算方法,进一步揭示中和面与进排风口总面积及经济性关系,以某垃圾焚烧发电厂汽机房为工程案例进行分析,以中和面法对不同百叶高度、进排风口面积及造价进行计算。[方法]采用Python编程语言对繁杂的试算过程进行编码计算。[结果]结果表明:在充分考虑汽机房夹层、运转层楼板散热前提下,选取100%底部进风和60%-40%进风模式有较好的经济性,无论哪种进风模式,中和面高度选取按运转层+3~9 m范围,进排风总面积和总造价波动范围较小。[结论]实际工程中可按此方法选取中和面高度及进、排风百叶面积。