践行STEAM理念实现跨学科教学

随着教育理念的不断更新,跨学科教学逐渐成为重要趋势。STEAM教育理念作为一种融合了科学、技术、工程、艺术、数学的综合教育模式,对于培养学生的综合素质、创新能力具有重要意义。特别是在小学数学与科学的跨学科教学中,STEAM理念的应用能够更好地激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生的学习效率和综合素质。基于此,本文阐述STEAM理念下小学数学与科学跨学科教学的重要性与有效策略,以期为基础教育改革提供参考。

将STEAM教育理念渗入科学教学

在幼儿园课程教学构成中,科学领域教学始终有着重要的地位。作为幼儿科学思维品质启迪的重要载体,科学教育能够有力促进幼儿核心素养得以良好发展。在STEAM教育理念的引导下,着眼于幼儿的科学素养、技术素养、工程素养、艺术素养和数学素养的综合性培养,将促进幼儿在学习活动中提升综合素养能力的过程变得充实、丰富和高效,为幼小衔接打好底色。

渗入STEAM教育理念 加强学生解决实际问题能力

数学来源于生活,而数学学习的最终目的也是能够在实际生活中有效应用。在课堂教学中,教师践行STERM教育理念,通过灵活多样的方法激发学生的数学学习兴趣,为学生数学素养形成、能力得到提高起到促进作用。还要引导学生正确认识学习数学的目的,激发应用意识,提高他们应用数学知识解决实际问题的能力。

Investigation on energy output structure of explosives near-ground explosion

In order to give the energy output structure of typical explosives near-ground explosion in real ground conditions,the free-field shockwave,ground reflection shockwave and Mach wave overpressure time history of composition B explosive,RDX explosive and aluminized explosive were measured by air pressure sensors and ground pressure sensors.The shape of the free-field shock wave,ground reflection shock wave,and Mach wave and explosion flame were captured by high-speed camera.The experimental results show that,at the same horizontal distance from the initiation point,the peak overpressure of explosive shock wave of composition B explosive,both in the air and on the ground,is less than that of RDX and aluminized explosives.At a distance of 3.0 m from the initiation point,the peak overpressure of aluminized explosives is slightly less than that of RDX explosives.Owing to the exothermic effect of aluminum powder,the pressure drop of aluminized explosives is slower than that of RDX explosives.At 5.0 m from the initiation point,the peak overpressure of aluminized explosives is larger than that of RDX explosives.At the same position from the initiation point,among the three kinds of explosives,the impulse of aluminized explosives is the maximum and the impulse of composition B explosives is the minimum.With the increase of the horizontal distance from the initiation point,the height of Mach triple-points(Mach steam)of the three explosives increases gradually.At the same horizontal distance from the initiation point,there is poorly difference in the height of Mach triple-points between aluminized explosive and RDX explosive,and the height of Mach triple-points of composition B explosive is much smaller than that of other two explosives.The maximum diameter and duration of the fireball formed by aluminized explosives are the largest,followed by composition B explosive,and the maximum diameter and duration of the fireball formed by RDX explosive are the smallest.

Outlet Temperature Correlation and Prediction of Transfer Line Exchanger in an Industrial Steam Ethylene Cracking Process

Predicting the best shutdown time of a steam ethylene cracking furnace in industrial practice remains a challenge due to the complex coking process. As well known, the shutdown time of a furnace is mainly determined by coking condition of the transfer line exchangers （TLE） when naphtha or other heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks are cracked. In practice, it is difficult to measure the coke thickness in TLE through experimental method in the complex industrial situation. However, the outlet temperature of TLE （TLEOT） can indirectly characterize the coking situation in TLE since the coke accumulation in TLE has great influence on TLEOT. Thus, the TLEOT could be a critical factor in deciding when to shut down the furnace to decoke. To predict the TLEOT, a paramewic model was proposed in this work, based on theoretical analysis, mathematic reduction, and parameters estimation. The feasibility of the proposed model was further checked through industrial data and good agreements between model prediction and industrial data with maximum deviation 2% were observed.

Numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement on steam condensation in the presence of air outside the tube

In loss-of-coolant accidents,a passive containment heat removal system protects the integrity of the containment by condensing steam.As a large amount of air exists in the containment,the steam condensation heat transfer can be significantly reduced.Based on previous research,traditional methods for enhancing pure steam condensation may not be applicable to steam–air condensation.In the present study,new methods of enhancing condensation heat transfer were adopted and several potentially enhanced heat transfer tubes,including corrugated tubes,spiral fin tubes,and ring fin tubes were designed.STAR-CCM+was used to determine the effect of enhanced heat transfer tubes on the steam condensation heat transfer.According to the calculations,the gas pressure ranged from 0.2 to 1.6 MPa,and air mass fraction ranged from 0.1 to 0.9.The effective perturbation of the high-concentration air layer was identified as the key factor for enhancing steam–air condensation heat transfer.Further,the designed corrugated tube performed well at atmospheric pressure,with a maximum enhancement of 27.4%,and performed poorly at high pressures.In the design of spiral fin tubes,special attention should be paid to the locations that may accumulate high-concentration air.Nonetheless,the ring-fin tubes generally displayed good performance under all conditions of interest,with a maximum enhancement of 24.2%.

A heuristic approach for petrochemical plant layout considering steam pipeline length

Plant layout design affects both investment and performance of a factory. To maximize the economic benefits of a petrochemical factory, a large number of factors must be considered simultaneously, such as material flow, heat flow and safety. However, conventional principles for plant layout design and optimization do not involve the heat flow, resulting in higher construction investment. To solve this problem, a new heuristic approach is proposed in this paper based on the current layout design principles. Both material flow(pipelines for process streams) and heat flow(pipelines for steam) are considered. Three optimization methods with different objective functions are used to optimize the layout. The application of proposed approach is illustrated with a case study. The optimal scheme and pipeline networks can be obtained, and the pipeline length is reduced significantly.

Effects of Continuous Steaming on Milling Characteristics of Two Indica Rice Varieties

Parboiling improves milling characteristics of rice in a positive manner, which has been found to influence consumers demand and acceptability. A laboratory model of continuous steaming unit was fabricated and tested with two indica rice varieties, fine （ADT39） and coarse （CO43） rice, at three different soaking temperatures （50, 60 and 70 ~C） for 4 h and five residence times of steaming （1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 min）. The effects of continuous steaming on milling characteristics of rice were studied and compared with the values obtained from the control experiment （open steaming process under laboratory conditions）. The favourable conditions for continuous parboiling of the fine variety ADT39 were identified as soaking at 70 ~C for 4 h and 3.0 min residence time of Steaming. These conditions showed head rice outturn of 74.0%. The favourable processing conditions for the coarse variety CO43 were found to be 4 h of soaking at 60 ~C and steaming of 3.0 min residence time, and at these conditions the head rice outturn was 73.9%.

Modeling a high output marine steam generator feedwater control system which uses parallel turbine-driven feed pumps

Parallel turbine-driven feedwater pumps are needed when ships travel at high speed. In order to study marine steam generator feedwater control systems which use parallel turbine-driven feed pumps, a mathematical model of marine steam generator feedwater control system was developed which includes mathematical models of two steam generators and parallel turbine-driven feed pumps as well as mathematical models of feedwater pipes and feed regulating valves. The operating condition points of the parallel ttu-bine-driven feed pumps were calculated by the Chebyshev curve fit method. A water level controller for the steam generator and a rotary speed controller for the turbine-driven feed pumps were also included in the model. The accuracy of the mathematical models and their controllers was verified by comparing their results with those from a simulator.

Effects of Steaming on the Tensile Mechanical Properties of Cashmere Fiber

The cashmere yarns were set in steam of 120℃ for 5 minutes after they had been extended to about 3% and wrapped onto the glass mandrels, which was relevant to the industrial setting processes. The effects of the steaming on the tensile mechanical properties of cashmere fiber are investigated. The extension in ' yield region' and the extension at rupture of the set cashmere fiber are obviously decreased.

A highly active and stable Sr_(2)Fe_(1.5)Mo(0.5)O_(6)‑δ‑Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.95)ceramic fuel electrode for efficient hydrogen production via a steam electrolyzer without safe gas

High temperature steam(H_(2)O)electrolysis via a solid oxide electrolysis cell is an efficient way to produce hydrogen(H_(2))because of its high energy conversion efficiency as well as simple and green process,especially when the electrolysis process is combined with integrated gasification fuel cell technology or derived by renewable energy.However,about 60%-70%of the electricity input is consumed to overcome the large oxygen potential gradient but not for electrolysis to split H_(2)O to produce H_(2)due to the addition of safe gas such as H_(2)in the fuel electrode.In this work,Sr_(2)Fe_(1.5)Mo_(0.5)O_(6)-δ-Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.95)(SFM-SDC)ceramic composite material has been developed as fuel electrode to avoid the use of safe gas,and the open circuit voltage(OCV)has been effectively lowered from 1030 to 78 mV when the feeding gas in the fuel electrode is shifted from 3%H_(2)O-97%H_(2)to 3%H_(2)O-97%N_(2),reasonably resulting in a significantly increased electrolysis efficiency.In addition,it is also demonstrated that the electrolysis current density is greatly enhanced by increasing the humidity in the fuel electrode and the working temperature.A considerable electrolysis current density of−0.54 A/cm^(2)is obtained at 800°C and 0.4 V for the symmetrical electrolyzer by exposing SFM-SDC fuel electrode to 23%H_(2)O-77%N_(2),and durability test at 800°C for 35 h demonstrates a relatively stable electrochemical performance for steam electrolysis under the same operation condition without safe gas and a constant electrolysis current density of−0.060 A/cm2.Our findings achieved in this work indicate that SFM-SDC is a highly promising fuel electrode for steam electrolysis.

ANALYSIS ON THE PRINCIPLE OF SERICIN MODIFICATION WITH DIRECT STEAMING FOR COOKING COCOON

Results of circular dichromatic spectrographic analysis of sericin revealcd a modification in the character of sericinafter direct steaming for cooking dry cocoon.That is,the molecular structure of cocoon shell sericin transforms fromthe frowned random structure to β- fold structure.The sericin modification reduces undulation of the gummingforce of cocoon shell sericin. Therefore,it is one of the key ways to improve the neatness of raw silk.

Effect of Steaming, Steam-Drying and Frying on the Provitamins A and Ascorbic Acid Contents of Squash （ Cucurbita Spp.）

Vitamin A deficiency still remains a nutritional concern in Cameroon. Squashes pulp is rich in provitamins A and could help to reduce this deficiency. Unfortunately, in Cameroon, squash pulp is more often reserved for the nutrition of sick people and domestic animals. This study aimed at encouraging the consumption of squash pulp to contribute to vitamin A needs. The contents of a-carotene, all-trans-β-carotene and ascorbic acid were determined respectively by HPLC and titration with 2.6 dichlorophenol-indophenol in five landraces of raw, steamed, steam-dried and fried squash pulp from Cameroon. Moisture and total lipid content were also determined. Peeled pulp squash of 5 cm slice was steamed at 90℃ for 30 min or at 85℃ for 30 min, sliced again at 5 mm thickness and dried at 80℃ during 4 h to obtained steamed or steam-dried squashes. To have fried squashes, 40 g of 1 mm thickness slices pulp were fried in boiling refined palm oil （free of carotenoids） bath at 150℃ during 7 and 10 min. The results obtained showed that steam-drying and frying of squashes leaded to water losses （89%-95%）. As a consequence of this, the a-carotene, all-trans-β-carotene and ascorbic acid contents （expressed in g （100 g）-1 fresh portion） of steam-dried and fried squashes were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than those of steamed and raw pulp. However, the retention rate of provitamins A and ascorbic acid was more elevated in steamed than in steam-dried and fried squashes. These results suggest that steam-dried and fried squashes could contribute to fight against vitamin A deficiency while increasing availability of squashes.

基于STEAM理念联合PBL教学法在急诊医学教学中的应用研究

目的分析基于STEAM[S(science),T(technology),E(engineering),A(art),M(mathematics)]理念联合以问题为基础的教学法(problem base learning,PBL)在急诊医学教学中应用效果。方法选择2021年6月—2022年6月滨州医学院急诊科80名本临床医学专业实习生为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组、试验组,各40名。对照组接受传统教学,试验组接受基于STEAM理念联合PBL教学法。对比2组教学前后理论知识及实践操作考试成绩、实习生对教学的满意度、学习依从度及教学前后实习生职业特质评分。结果教学前,2组考核成绩对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);教学3个月后,2组基础理论、实践操作考核成绩均明显提升,但试验组提升幅度更大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。试验组实习生学习依从性(97.50%)高于对照组(85.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。试验组教学方法、学术能力、带教态度管理质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。教学前,2组实习生职业特质评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);教学3个月后,试验组评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论在急诊医学教学中,基于STEAM理念联合PBL教学法有利于提升实习生的综合能力,提高理论实践成绩和学习依从性。

面向新质人才需求的STEAM培育机制研究

教育是缓解新质生产力与人才供需矛盾的核心策略,而基础教育则是塑造新质人才不可或缺的基石。为夯实未来新质人才的培育基础,基础教育阶段教育工作者应紧密围绕新质人才的需求,构建一套高效的人才培育机制,助力学生顺利转型为新质人才。在这一过程中,复合型教育目标的引导、跨学科知识体系的重组以及个性化教育策略的定制,为STEAM教育在基础教育阶段赋能新质人才培育提供了强有力的支撑。为了满足新质人才培育的多维需求,教育工作者需从五个关键层面重新构建STEAM教育培育机制:核心培育理念的重塑、根本培育目标的明确、基础培育条件的强化、首要培育策略的制定和关键培育基石的稳固。为了推动STEAM教育在新质人才培育方面更好地适应数智化时代的发展,教育工作者也需采取一系列措施:确保STEAM教育的高效运行,完善其跨学科知识体系,构建虚实联通的STEAM教育空间,提升教师的STEAM素养,并构建一个充满活力的STEAM人才培育新生态。这些措施的实施,将有力推动STEAM教育在培育新质人才方面的创新与发展,为新时代的社会进步贡献力量。

基于STEAM理论的学龄前儿童益智类玩具设计研究

本文以设计出一套切合STEAM理论的益智玩具为目的,同时能够提升学龄前儿童的各项智力能力。通过文献查阅对STEAM理论进行深入分析,归纳出STEAM理论的4项特点,STEAM益智玩具应满足的5个方面。根据皮亚杰理论对儿童的分析,选择前运算阶段儿童为目标群体,归纳出该阶段儿童的4项益智需求。通过上述分析设计出一款STEAM益智玩具套装,为后续STEAM益智玩具设计提供了参考。

基于STEAM理念的冰雪文创设计教学与实践

目的在大力促进冰雪主题文艺创作、推广冰雪文化的政策背景下,研究冰雪文创设计教学与STEAM理念结合的方法并进行课程教学实践。方法挖掘冰雪文化资源,分析冰雪文化相关的背景和文创产品种类,分析冰雪文创产品设计教学中的挑战。以STEAM教育理念为理论支撑,从教师和学生2个视角探讨科学、技术、工程、艺术、数学5个学科综合应用于冰雪文创设计教学的方式。教师首先运用该理念进行设计理论教学,然后通过布置并指导学生完成设计任务进行设计实践教学,最后以太阳岛风景区冰雪文创IP设计为例,引导学生用STEAM理念探索设计创意转化的方式,解决文创设计中的问题并完成设计。结论STEAM理念与冰雪文创设计教学融合的模式,将美育融入专业课程教学,有助于提高学生的跨学科思维能力、创新能力和设计实践能力。同时探索了冰雪文化知识转化为创意灵感的新路径,也为冰雪文化的传承和传播提供了新思路。

STEAM教育助力“双减”政策落地的现实困境与可为路径

STEAM教育是我国基础教育改革的一种趋势,也是助力“双减”政策落地的重要抓手。STEAM教育具有情境性、实践性、项目式、过程性、跨学科性等特征,为“双减”政策的落地提供了可能。STEAM教育助力“双减”政策落地面临课后服务质量无法保障,课堂教学质量提升效果不佳,STEAM教师胜任力不足,STEAM教育存在区域、城乡、校际差异等困境。STEAM教育助力我国“双减”政策落地可从强化综合实践活动设计,拓展课后服务内容;以项目式学习为抓手,提高课堂教学质量;注重STEAM教师培养,提高教师综合素质;注重特色发展,以数字化转型推进STEAM教育均衡发展四个方面着手。

Clinical Research on Alleviating Pain for Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Their Active Function by Acupuncture with Chinese Medicine Fuming and Steaming

OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical effect of acupuncture combined with TCM fumigation on pain and active function improvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. METHODS: 42 patients with ankylosing spondylitis were selected in hospital from October 2016 to October 2017, who were randomly divided into 2 groups by number table method. 21 patients received conventional treatment as control group. 21 patients combined with acupuncture, TCM fumigation treatment as observation group. Clinical indicators, activity function, pain scores were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, BASDAI score, BASFI score, VAS score after treatment decreased in two groups compared with before treatment(P<0.05). Chest mobility, lumbar pitch, Schober test, occipital wall distance, lumbar lateral flexion after treatment increased in two groups compared with before treatment(P<0.05). Refers to distance, morning stiffness time, rump length after treatment reduced in two groups compared with before treatment(P<0.05). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, BASDAI score, BASFI score, VAS score in observation group were lower than control group after treatment(P<0.05). Chest mobility, lumbar pitch, Schober test, occipital wall distance, lumbar lateral flexion in observation group were higher than control group after treatment(P<0.05). Refers to distance, rump length in observation group were smaller than control group after treatment(P<0.05). Morning stiffness time in observation group was less than control group after treatment(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture combined with TCM fumigation can significantly improve pain and active function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

STEAM教育视域下中学语文跨学科深度学习的策略研究

STEAM教育是一种基于建构主义的跨学科教育,是对时代挑战的回应。以STEAM教育理念为突破口,解决当今中学语文跨学科教学存在的目标模糊,忽视语文本位;学科叠加,缺乏有效整合;学习浅表,缺少思维深度三方面问题。在中学语文课堂中采用:把握基点,语文本位,开展专题研修;明确跨点,融通互动,进行整合探究;找准落点,合作生成,促进素养提升这三种方式,以更好的教促进更好地学,推动中学语文跨学科深度学习发生,提升学生语文核心素养,将学生培养成符合时代要求的全面发展的高素质人才。