Targeting CXCR4 and EDN1 for the treatment of recurrent miscarriage using stearic acid from traditional Chinese medicine

Background:Recurrent miscarriage(RM)affects an estimated 1-3%of couples attempting to conceive,and its molecular components stay ineffectively caught on.This study aims to explore potential therapeutic targets for RM by examining gene expression patterns and biological pathways in both mouse and human RM models.Meanwhile,explore relevant traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)components targeting potential therapeutic targets.Methods:We utilized the GSE211251 mouse and the GSE26787 human datasets,employing gene set enrichment analysis and gene metaphysics analysis to examine differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways.Single-cell RNA analysis uncovered cellular heterogeneity and arranged pharmacology-mapped potential drug-target intelligence.We employed molecular docking strategies to assess the affinity of TCM components for key proteins.Results:In the mouse model,genes such as Ly6f1 and Gpr26 were upregulated,while Stc5a and Galca exhibited downregulation.Gene set enrichment analysis identified key pathways,including the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway.In human samples,Gene Ontology analysis highlighted processes such as apoptosis and cell adhesion.Single-cell RNA analysis revealed distinct cellular populations between normal and RM samples.Systems pharmacology identified C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)and endothelin 1(EDN1)as potential key targets,and molecular docking confirmed that stearic acid from TCM appears to regulate these proteins.Conclusion:This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the genetic and cellular underpinnings of RM,identifying CXCR4 and EDN1 as promising therapeutic targets.Stearic acid from TCM could provide targeted treatment by modulating these key proteins,paving the way for new RM treatment strategies.

Modified sepiolite stabilized stearic acid as a form-stable phase change material for thermal energy storage

Sepiolite(ST) was used as a supporting matrix in compiste phase change materials(PCMs) due to its unique microstructure, good thermal stability, and other raw material advantages. In this paper, microwave acid treatment were innovatively used for the modification of sepiolite. The modified sepiolite(ST_(m)) obtained in different hydrochloric acid concentrations(0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mol·L^(-1)) was added to stearic acid(SA) via vacuum impregnation method. The thermophysical properties of the composites were changed by varying the hydrochloric acid concentration. The SA-ST_(m0.5)obtained by microwave acid treatment at 0.5 mol·L^(-1)hydrochloric acid concentration showed a higher loading capacity(82.63%) than other composites according to the differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) analysis. The melting and freezing enthalpies of SA-ST_(m0.5)were of 152.30 and 148.90 J·g^(-1), respectively. The thermal conductivity of SA-ST_(m0.5)was as high as 1.52 times that of pure SA. In addition, the crystal structure, surface morphology, and microporous structure of ST_(m)were studied, and the mechanism of SAST_(m0.5)performance enhancement was further revealed by Brunauere Emmett Teller(BET) analysis. Leakage experiment showed that SAST_(m0.5)had a good morphological stability. These results demostrate that SA-ST_(m0.5)has a potential application in thermal energy storage.

Study on Sustained-Release Pesticides Blended with Fosthiazate-Stearic Acid/Expanded Perlite

The low utilization rate of pesticides makes the migration of pesticides in water and soil,which brings great harm to the ecosystem.The development of pesticide carriers with good drug loading capacity and release control abil-ity is an effective method to realize effective utilization of pesticides and reduce pesticide losses.In this work,fosthiazate-stearic acid/expanded perlite sustained-release particles were successfully prepared by vacuum impregnation using expanded perlite(EP)as carrier,fosthiazate(FOS)as model pesticide and stearic acid(SA)as hydrophobic matrix.The structure and morphology of the samples were studied by BET,FT-IR,TGA,XRD,DSC and SEM.The effects of different mass ratios of FOS to SA on loading capacity and release rate at 24 h were investigated.The sustained release behavior of FOS-SA/EP at different temperatures and pH values was investigated by static dialysis bag method.The results showed that FOS and SA were adsorbed in EP pores by physical interaction.With the mass ratios of FOS to SA decreasing from 7:3 to 3:7,the 24 h release rate of FOS-SA/EP decreased from 18.77%to 8.05%,and the drug loading decreased from 461.32 to 130.99 mg/g.FOS-SA/EP showed obvious temperature response at 25℃,30℃ and 35℃,the cumulative release rate(CRR)of 200 h were 33.38%,41.50%and 51.17%,respectively.When pH=5,the CRR of FOS was higher than that of pH=7,and the CRR of FOS for 200 h were 49.01%and 30.12%,respectively.At different temperatures and pH=5,the release mechanism of FOS-SA/EP belongs to the Fickian diffusion mechanism;When pH=7,the diffusion mechanism is dominant,and the dissolution mechanism is complementary.

不同浓度外源SA对“赤霞珠”果实品质的影响

以8年生酿酒葡萄品种“赤霞珠”为试验材料,在葡萄转色期7月下旬到8月上旬喷施SA,探究在果实发育中SA对果实品质的影响,为改善酿酒葡萄品质提供参考。结果表明,对葡萄叶面喷施SA,整个生长周期“赤霞珠”百粒重无显著差异,葡萄进入转色期后,各SA处理下葡萄果实中糖类物质均逐渐增加,有机酸含量逐渐减少,采收期时,糖类物质含量达到最高,有机酸含量达到最低。采收期(花后110 d),5 mmol/L SA处理可以明显降低葡萄中可滴定酸含量,3 mmol/L SA处理可以显著提高葡萄果实中糖类物质和酚类物质含量。3 mmol/L SA处理有利于“赤霞珠”葡萄果实品质的改善。

薏苡ClSAD、ClFAD2基因单倍型鉴定与相关脂肪酸关联分析

薏苡仁油是薏苡仁主要功能性物质之一,脂肪酸是其重要组成部分。以中国9个省份的190份薏苡种质为材料,检测其种仁硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸含量,分析ClSAD、ClFAD2基因序列多态性并鉴定单倍型,进行脂肪酸含量单倍型关联分析。结果表明,不同薏苡种质种仁3种脂肪酸含量存在广泛变异,变异系数为15.84%~23.05%,遗传多样性指数为5.22~5.23,其中油酸含量最高,硬脂酸含量最低,各脂肪酸组分间呈极显著正相关。ClSAD和ClFAD2内部各有14个和3个SNP,分别鉴定到5个单倍型组合,ClSAD基因单倍型Hap3和ClFAD2基因单倍型Hap1分别与参考基因组一致。ClSAD基因单倍型Hap3与硬脂酸含量显著关联且具有负效应,利于硬脂酸向油酸转化。ClFAD2基因单倍型Hap1利于亚油酸的积累,而Hap2与亚油酸酸含量显著关联且具有负效应,不利于亚油酸的合成。在2个基因内部各鉴定到1个关键SNP位点,分别是形成SAD和FAD2酶活性差异的关键位点。研究结果将为高油薏苡优良品种的选育、分子标记开发和相关分子机制解析提供理论基础。

Downregulation of transforming growth factor-<i>β</i>(TGF-<i>β</i>) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice using stearic acid-grafted carboxymethyl chitosan (SA-CMC)

The present study was conducted to investigate the use of stearic acid-grafted carboxymethyl chitosan(SA-CMC) as a downregulator for trans- forming growth factor-β (TGF- β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice. The antitumor effect of stearic acid-grafted carboxymethyl chitosan was assessed by the estimation of TGF- β and VEGF in serum in addition to the estimation of tumor volume, median survival time (MST), percentage of increase in life span (ILS%) as well as the contents of total lipid, DNA and RNA in liver tissues. Hematological profiles (hemoglobin, red blood cells, and platelets) were also assessed. In addition, liver function tests and the redox status were estimated. TGF- β, VEGF, DNA, RNA, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, in addition to serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities as well as total white blood cells counts and tumor volume were all highly significantly increased (P < 0.001) in untreated EAC-bearing mice compared to controls. However, hematological profiles, total lipid in liver tissues and serum albumin were highly decreased in EAC-bearing mice compared to controls. All these parameters were restored to the normal levels in SA-CMC treated EAC-bearing mice com- pared to the untreated EAC-bearing mice. It is thus concluded that stearic acid-grafted carboxymethyl chitosan has a remarkable antitumor activity against EAC in Swiss albino mice through downregulation of TGF-β and VEGF.

Antidepressant activity and HPTLC fingerprinting of stearic acid in different days of wheat seedlings

Depression is a chronic,recurring and potentially life threatening illness and affects up to 20%of the world population and in the year 2020,depression will become the second most common disease in the world.To find the remedy from nutraceuticals,the present study was designed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of stearic acid(SA)and to quantify its maximum content in different dayold wheat seedlings and wheat grains.Forced swimming test(FST)and tail suspension test(TST)were done to evaluate the antidepressant activity of SA.HPTLC fingerprinting of SA was done in different days(3,5 and 7 d)of wheat seedlings and wheat grains to quantify its maximum content.In the antidepressant study,when compared with the control(326.67±3.02 s),SA showed potential antidepressant activity in TST(131.67±2.60 s)and SA also showed very good antidepressant activity in FST(124.83±5.37 s)when compared with the control(215.83±6.64 s).In HPTLC fingerprinting,the maximum content of SA was identified in 3-d-old wheat seedlings(89.43μg)when compared to wheat grains(84.69μg),5-d-old(86.43μg)and 7-d-old(85.32μg)wheat seedlings.Hence,the present study concludes that SA has a potential antidepressant activity and 3-d-old wheat seedlings are the essential sources of SA among the different dayold wheat seedlings.

LA-SA\MMA相变微胶囊的制备及其性能研究

通过原位聚合法,制备了以甲基丙烯酸甲酯为壁材,月桂酸、硬脂酸共熔物为芯材的相变微胶囊LASA\MMA相变微胶囊。利用SEM扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪、马尔文粒径分析仪、傅里叶红外光谱分析仪和TG热重分析仪观察并检测不同芯壁比的微胶囊,结果显示:芯壁比为4:5微胶囊呈圆球状、表面光滑平整,但是略微存在团聚粘着现象。囊壁对芯材起到了一定的保护作用,有效地提高微胶囊的热稳定性。微胶囊耐久性十分优异,可以多次重复使用。然后,使用干法涂层技术把不同质量分数的相变微胶囊涂覆到SMS织物上,产生相变温控织物。通过热成像,讨论经过相变微胶囊涂层整理后的织物,其蓄热控温性能是否受到影响。结果显示:经过涂层整理后的织物,其降温速率下降变慢,能够应对外界环境温度的变化。

盐胁迫下SA在大花烟草中以剂量依赖方式调节种子萌发和生长

以改造的大花烟草(Nicotiana alata)即早花烟草为试材,研究在1500 mmol·L^(-1)氯化钠(NaCl)胁迫下,不同浓度梯度外源水杨酸(SA)处理下早花烟草种子的萌发情况和植株的生长状况,分析其过氧化物酶(POD)酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活性和活性氧(ROS)含量,及其作用机制.研究结果表明,适量外源SA可以缓解盐胁迫对早花烟草萌发的毒害.经0.05~1.00 mmol·L^(-1) SA处理,盐胁迫下早花烟草种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数上升,但随着SA浓度继续升高,其缓解效应随之降低.盐胁迫下的早花烟草生长已经受到严重抑制.喷施0.5~1.5 mmol·L^(-1) SA后,叶片大小和鲜重、根系的大小和鲜重都明显升高;且喷施0.5~2.0 mmol·L^(-1) SA叶片中SOD和POD活性均呈现先降低后上升的趋势;ROS含量呈现先降低后上升的趋势;叶绿素含量呈现出先上升后降低的趋势.这些结果表明:SA调节耐盐性可能以剂量依赖的方式发生,在外源施加适量浓度的SA提高抗氧化酶活性,能有效地消除过量的ROS,避免ROS积累,降低叶片中叶绿素含量及对光系统和光合碳同化过程中多种酶的伤害,维持较高的光合速率.

Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) and Ethylene Treatments onRipening and Softening of Postharvest Kiwifruit

Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson cv. Bruno) was used toinvestigate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 1.0 mmol/L, pH 3.5) and ethylene (100 mL/L) treat-ments on changes at endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels and other senescence-related factors duringfruit ripening and softening at 20 ℃. The level of endogenous SA in ripening fruits declined and a closerelationship was observed between the change at endogenous SA level and the rate of fruit ripening andsoftening. ASA treatment elevated SA level in the fruit, slowed down the increases in lipoxygenase (LOX)and allene oxide synthase (AOS) activities, decreased the O22-. production in the preclimacteric phase andthe early phase of ethylene climacteric rise, maintained the stability of cell membrane, inhibited ethylenebiosynthesis, postponed the onset of the ethylene climacteric, and delayed the process of fruit ripeningand softening. On the contrary, application of ethylene to ripening kiwifruit resulted at a lower SA level, anaccelerated increases in the activities of LOX and AOS and the rate of O22-. production, an elevated relativeelectric conductivity and an advanced onset of ethylene climacteric, and a quicker fruit ripening andsoftening. It is suggested that the effects of ASA on ripening kiwifruit can be attributed to its ability toscavenge O22-. and/or to maintain stability of cell membrane.

Cu-Sn-P/stearic acid(lauric acid,BTA)化学镀层制备和性质研究

本文研究了在稳定剂存在的条件下,在钢铁表面制备了Cu-Sn-P多元合金化学镀层,讨论了镀液成分和沉积条件等对镀层性质的影响.采用了硬脂酸、月桂酸和苯并三氮唑对Cu-Sn-P镀层表面进行再处理,从而形成致密保护膜,得到Cu-Sn-P/stearic acid(lauric acid,BTA)镀层,并研究了其性能.

Enhanced corrosion resistance of phytic acid coated magnesium by stearic acid treatment

A green chemical conversion coating for magnesium was obtained with a phytic acid solution. The microstructure and corrosion properties of phytic acid conversion coated magnesium were further improved by soaking in stearic acid solution. The phytic acid conversion coated magnesium after soaking in the stearic acid showed no micro-cracks and the surface became very smooth. The corrosion behavior of the uncoated and coated magnesium samples was studied by electrochemical methods. The corrosion resistance of the stearic acid treated sample was much higher than that of phytic acid conversion coated magnesium or uncoated magnesium. The electrochemical results indicated that the stearic acid treated coating provided effective corrosion protection to the magnesium sample.

Application of advanced oxidation processes for removing salicylic acid from synthetic wastewaters

In this study,advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) such as anodic oxidation(AO),UV/H_2O_2 and Fenton processes(FP) were investigated for the degradation of salicylic acid(SA) in lab-scale experiments.Boron-doped diamond(BDD) film electrodes using Ta as substrates were employed for AO of SA.In the case of FP and UV/H_2O_2,most favorable experimental conditions were determined for each process and these were used for comparing with AO process.The study showed that the FP was the most effective process under aci...

Synthesis of stearic acid triethanolamine ester over solid acid catalysts

The synthesis of stearic acid triethanolamine ester over solid acid catalysts was investigated.The results showed that the catalytic activity and selectivity of zirconium sulfate supported on SBA-15（6）（pore diameter 6 nm） is better than that of commonly used hypophosphorous acid,zirconium sulfate supported on MCM-41 and zirconium sulfate supported on SBA-15（9）（pore diameter 9 nm）.

Super-hydrophobic stearic acid layer formed on anodized high purified magnesium for improving corrosion resistance of bioabsorbable implants

Magnesium and its alloys are ideal candidates for bioabsorbable implants.However,they can dissolve too rapidly in the human body for most applications.In this research,high purified magnesium(HP-Mg)was coated with stearic acid(SA)to slow the corrosion rate of magnesium in simulated body fluid at 37±1°C.HP-Mg was anodized(AC and DC voltages)to form an oxide/hydroxide layer,and then it was immersed in a SA solution.The SA coated layer surface,anodized layer,and the thickness of the oxide/hydroxide layer were investigated with Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and potentiodynamic polarization(PDP)were used to estimate the corrosion rate of HP-Mg specimens.The results confirm that the hydrophobic coating can decrease the corrosion rate of HP-Mg by more than 1000x.The protectiveness of coated layer for anodized specimens with AC voltage continue for 2 and 3 weeks.For the HP-Mg coated anodized with DC voltage,the coated layer could improve the corrosion resistance for only a few days.

Multi-dimensional visualization for the morphology of lubricant stearic acid particles and their distribution in tablets

The shapes of particles and their distribution in tablets, controlled by pretreatment and tableting process, determine the pharmaceutical performance of excipient like lubricant. This study aims to provide deeper insights to the relationship of the morphology and spatial distribution of stearic acid(SA) with the lubrication efficiency, as well as the resulting tablet property. Unmodified SA particles as flat sheet-like particles were firstly reprocessed by emulsification in hot water to obtain the reprocessed SA particles with spherical morphology. The three-dimensional(3 D) information of SA particles in tablets was detected by a quantitative and non-invasive 3 D structure elucidation technique, namely, synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography(SR-μCT). SA particles in glipizide tablets prepared by using unmodified SA(GUT), reprocessed SA(GRT), as well as reference listed drug(RLD) of glipizide tablets were analyzed by SR-μCT. The results showed that the reprocessed SA with better flowability contributed to similarity of breaking forces between that of GRT and RLD. SA particles in GRT were very similar to those in RLD with uniform morphology and particle size, while SA particles in GUT were not evenly distributed. These findings not only demonstrated the feasibility of SR-μCT as a new method in revealing the morphology and spatial distribution of excipient in drug delivery system, but also deepened insights of solid dosage form design into a new scale by powder engineering.

Surface properties of superfine alumina trihydrate after surface modification with stearic acid

The surface properties of superfine alumina trihydrate （ATH） after surface modification were studied by measuring the contact angle, active ratio, oil adsorption, total organic carbon, adsorption ratio, and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum. The contact angle increased initially and then slowly decreased with an increase of the amount of stearic acid. However, the surface flee energy decreased ini- tially and then increased. Surface modification with stearic acid or sodium stearate can benefit from elevating temperature. The base surface tension component and the free energy of Lewis acid-base both declined sharply following the surface modification. Excess stearic acid was physically adsorbed in the form of multilayer adsorption, and an interaction between oxygen on the ATH surface and hydroxyl in stearic acid was subsequently determined. Our results further indicated that the contact angle and adsorption ratio can be used as control indicators for surface modification compared with active ratio, oil adsorption and total organic carbon.

Thermal Energy Storage Characteristics of Myristic and Stearic Acids Eutectic Mixture for Low Temperature Heating Applications

Stearic acid (67.83℃) and myristic acid (52.32℃) have high melting temperatures that can limit their use as phase change material (PCM) in low temperature solar heating applications such as solar space and greenhouse heating in regard to climatic requirements. However, their melting temperatures can be adjusted to a suitable value by preparing a eutectic mixture of the myristic acid (MA) and the stearic acid (SA). In the present study, the thermal analysis based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique shows that the mixture of myristic acid (MA) and stearic acid (SA) in the respective composition (by mass) of 64% and 36% forms a eutectic mixture having melting temperature of 44.13℃ and the latent heat of fusion of 182.4J·g-1. The thermal energy storage characteristics of the MA-SA eutectic mixture filled in the annulus of two concentric pipes were also experimentally established. The heat recovery rate and heat charging/discharging fractions were determined with respect to the change in the mass flow rate and the inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid. Based on the results obtained by DSC analysis and by the heat charg- ing/discharging processes of the PCM, it can be concluded that the MA-SA eutectic mixture is a potential material for low temperature thermal energy storage applications in terms of its thermo-physical and thermal characteristics.

Synthesis of visible light responsive ultrafine K_4Ce_2Nb_(10)O_(30) by a stearic acid method

K4Ce2Nb10O30 ultrafine powders were prepared by stearic acid method (SAM). The obtained products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and UV-visible absorption spectra. XRD patterns revealed that K4Ce2Nb10O30 powders treated at 900 oC for 2 h presented tetragonal structure without the presence of deleterious phases. Furthermore, the K4Ce2Nb10O30 prepared by SAM had considerable activity under visible light irradiation.

Synthesis of Mesoporous, Nanocrystalline Lanthanum Phosphate in the Presence of Citric Acid and Stearic Acid

Lanthanum phosphate was prepared in the presence of citric acid and stearic acid under methanolic conditions at pH 4.5 and pH 7, respectively. The samples obtained were intensively characterized using X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm study, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） analysis . The as-synthesized samples prepared at pH 4.5 showed lamellar mesostruroned form with high crystallinity. Results showed that the pore size and pore volume changed when the materials were prepared under different pH conditions. Morphology of the samples was observed by using TEM, which showed that the samples possessed relatively small particles closely packed together. The as-synthesized samples were investigated using FTIR, and the mesopore formation mechanism was discussed.