A Novel Sensing Imaging Equipment Under Extremely Dim Light for Blast Furnace Burden Surface:Starlight High-Temperature Industrial Endoscope

Blast furnace(BF)burden surface contains the most abundant,intuitive and credible smelting information and acquiring high-definition and high-brightness optical images of which is essential to realize precise material charging control,optimize gas flow distribution and improve ironmaking efficiency.It has been challengeable to obtain high-quality optical burden surface images under high-temperature,high-dust,and extremelydim(less than 0.001 Lux)environment.Based on a novel endoscopic sensing detection idea,a reverse telephoto structure starlight imaging system with large field of view and large aperture is designed.Combined with a water-air dual cooling intelligent self-maintenance protection device and the imaging system,a starlight high-temperature industrial endoscope is developed to obtain clear optical burden surface images stably under the harsh environment.Based on an endoscope imaging area model,a material flow trajectory model and a gas-dust coupling distribution model,an optimal installation position and posture configuration method for the endoscope is proposed,which maximizes the effective imaging area and ensures large-area,safe and stable imaging of the device in a confined space.Industrial experiments and applications indicate that the proposed method obtains clear and reliable large-area optical burden surface images and reveals new BF conditions,providing key data support for green iron smelting.

Efficient Use of Steel Slag in Alkali-Activated Blast Furnace Slag Based Geopolymer

Energy shortage and the emission of greenhouse gases have become a global problem of urgent concern.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop a low carbon building material.Geopolymers have become a hot topic due to their environmental sustainability and the feasibility of immobilizing industrial waste.In this paper,steel slag(SS)fines were investigated as auxiliary materials of blast furnace slag(BFS)based geopolymer.The hydration heat properties,flowability,compressive strength,sorptivity coefficient,X-ray diffraction(XRD),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)of the geopolymer pastes were determined.The results showed that the incorporation of SS weakened the reactivity of the BFS-based geopolymer paste and improved the flow values of the paste.The compressive strength of the geopolymer with 20%SS content reached 117 MPa at 28 d.The geopolymer specimens with high compressive strength showed a low sorptivity coefficient.The microscopic results showed that the addition of the appropriate amount of SS reduced the cracks,improved the density of the geopolymer,and produced a geopolymer composite with excellent mechanical properties.

Post-mortem Microstructural Study of Aluminous Refractory Brick Used in Channels of Blast Furnaces

Aluminous refractory materials with high alumina contents are widely used in the steel industry,and the higher the alumina content,the higher the working temperature.Properties such as high refractoriness and thermal shock resistance lead these refractory materials to be used as channel linings of blast furnaces,where they are exposed to the attack by slag,molten steel,working cycles and sudden temperature changes between 25℃(room temperature)and 1520℃(the temperature of molten pig iron).In this work,microstructural changes in post-mortem aluminous refractory bricks were investigated by apparent porosity,X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray dispersion energy spectrometry(SEM/EDS).The results showed an increase in the apparent porosity and the bulk density and the presence of the phases mullite,sillimanite,alumina,and quartz in the post-mortem brick.Calcium and magnesium were not detected in the microstructure of the post-mortem brick,indicating that slags did not corrode these refractory materials.Therefore,the microstructural changes that occurred in the post-mortem bricks must be due to thermal cycling.In the X-ray diffraction(XRD)test,mullite,sillimanite,quartz,andα-alumina phases were identified.These results indicate that the aluminous refractory was obtained from sillimanite.In infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)it was possible to identify the vibration bands referring to the Si-O and Al-O bonds.The increase in the porosity is a result of cracks caused by work cycles at high temperatures and the temperature gradient to which the refractory was subjected during use.Through the micrograph it was possible to identify the presence of acicular mullite.The absence of magnesium and calcium in the microanalysis results by energy dispersed X-ray spectrometry(EDS)indicates that there was no infiltration by slag or liquid iron.These results indicate that the microstructural changes that occurred in the post-mortem aluminous refractory were of a thermal nature.

Mechanisms of phosphate removal from aqueous solution by blast furnace slag and steel furnace slag

We report the adsorption of phosphate and discuss the mechanisms of phosphate removal from aqueous solution by burst furnace slag (BFS) and steel furnace slag (SFS). The results show that the adsorption of phosphate on the slag was rapid and the majority of adsorption was completed in 5~10 min. The adsorption capacity of phosphate by the slag was reduced dramatically by acid treatment. The relative contribution of adsorption to the total removal of phosphate was 26%~28%. Phosphate adsorption on BFS and SFS follows the Freundlich isotherm, with the related constants of k 6.372 and 1/n 1.739 for BFS, and of k 1.705 and 1/n 1.718 for SFS. The pH and Ca2+ concentration were decreased with the addition of phosphate, suggesting the formation of calcium phosphate precipitation. At pH 2.93 and 6.93, phosphate was desorbed by about 36%~43% and 9%~11%, respectively. These results indicate that the P adsorption on the slag is not completely reversible and that the bond between the slag particles and adsorbed phosphate is strong. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of BFS and SFS before and after phosphate adsorption verify the formation of phosphate salts (CaHPO4·2H2O) after adsorption process. We conclude that the removal of phosphate by BFS and SFS is related to the formation of phosphate calcium precipitation and the adsorption on hydroxylated oxides. The results show that BFS and SFS removed phosphate nearly 100%, indicating they are promising adsorbents for the phosphate removal in wastewater treatment and pollution control.

Effect of Steel Slag and Granulated Blast-furnace Slag on the Mechanical Strength and Pore Structure of Cement Composites

Reuse of solid industrial wastes is an effective approach to develop low-carbon construction materials. This paper examines how two materials, steel slag（ST） and granulated blast-furnace slag（SL） impact the mechanical performance and pore structure of cement-based systems. Analysis was done on the variations of the porosity, pore size, and pore volume distribution with the curing age and replacement content, and the fractal dimensions of pore surfaces. The results suggested that systems with both supplementary materials had lower early strengths than pure cement, but could generally surpass pure cement paste after 90 d; higher SL content was particularly helpful for boosting the late strengths. The addition of ST increased the porosities and mean pore sizes at each age, and both increased with ST content; SL was helpful for decreasing the system＇s late porosity（especially harmless pores below 20 nm）; The lowest porosity and mean pore size were obtained with 20% SL. Both systems had notably fractal characteristics on pore surfaces, with ST systems showing the highest dimensions at 10% ST, and SL systems at 20% SL. Compressive strength displayed a significant linear increase with fractal dimension.

Industrial Experiment on Coke Spraying With ZBS Additive in Blast Furnace

In order to improve the thermal properties of coke, an industrial experiment on the coke spraying with ZBS additive solution was carried out at coking plant and No. 6 blast furnace （2 000 m^3 ） of Kunming Iron and Steel Co Ltd. The coke reaction index （CRI） of the coke spraying with ZBS additive solution decreases by 10. 56 %, and the coke strength after reaction （CSR） increases by 7.80% in comparison with those of the un-sprayed coke. During the experiment, the average iron output increases by 66. 69 t/d, and the coke rate is reduced by 5. 21 kg per ton iron, while the fluctuation of furnace temperture is small, and sulphur content in hot metal and 100% of hot metal are acceptable.

钢渣-矿渣基胶凝材料的协同水化机理

通过胶砂强度试验及X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热失重分析(TG-DTG)、扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)等微观测试技术,对不同配合比钢渣-矿渣基胶凝材料的力学性能、水化产物及其水化硬化过程进行了研究.结果表明:当胶凝材料的n(CaO+MgO)/n(SiO2+Al2O3)=0.90时,其水化后期有较多的水化硅酸钙、水化铝酸钙凝胶生成,微观结构更加致密,力学性能表现最优,28 d抗压强度和抗折强度分别达到20.20、7.25 MPa;pH值的变化反映出协同水化效应的关键在于钢渣活性矿物的溶解和矿渣的二次火山灰反应,钢渣和矿渣的最佳配合比可以保证水化程度有较高的水平.

基于知识蒸馏的钢铁高炉煤气系统建模方法

钢铁企业高炉煤气系统具有波动性大、时变性强、不确定性高等特点,对其未来产消趋势进行准确的建模预测有助于企业的高效决策与节能减排.文章提出了一种基于知识蒸馏的高炉煤气系统建模方法,为了提高训练过程中的拟合精度,在教师网络中建立了基于长短期记忆网络的序列到序列模型来提取样本的中间特征.进而,提出了融入教师模型中间特征的知识蒸馏策略,建立了考虑中间特征蒸馏损失与预测均方误差的损失函数,对知识蒸馏过程及预测偏差进行评估.通过国内大型钢铁企业高炉煤气系统实际运行数据的实验验证,表明了本文所提建模方法的有效性,可为后续的能源系统优化调度提供支撑.

基于重整煤气喷吹-氧气高炉的富氧燃烧碳捕集方案

碳捕集利用与封存(简称CCUS)技术是钢铁行业实现碳中和目标的可行选择,但是我国钢铁生产以高炉-转炉长流程生产为主,产生碳排放的工序众多且碳浓度较低,目前仍缺少经济高效的碳捕集方案。在此背景下,通过引入气化炉用于重整炉顶煤气,改进现有炉顶煤气循环-氧气高炉工艺的炉顶煤气循环方式,耦合富氧燃烧碳捕集技术,提出一种基于重整煤气喷吹-氧气高炉的富氧燃烧碳捕集方案,并利用Aspen Plus建模计算和碳流分析评估了该方案的节能减排潜力。结果表明:富氧燃烧碳捕集技术与氧气高炉低碳冶炼工艺有着良好的承接性与耦合性,两者耦合能够降低钢铁行业碳捕集的难度;富氧燃烧单位CO_(2)的捕集能耗为2623.91 kJ/kg,比现有的醇胺法的碳捕集能耗低51.4%,比变压吸附法的碳捕集能耗低26.2%;生产每吨钢材可通过富氧燃烧捕集到1.5 t CO_(2),有望实现钢铁生产过程的CO_(2)净零排放。总的来说,该方案能够在高炉低碳冶炼的基础上进行低成本、大规模的碳捕集,是钢铁行业绿色低碳转型的可行方案。

基于工业物联网通信协议的高炉热负荷监测系统设计研究

钢铁行业作为我国国民经济的支柱性产业,为公共设施建设提供了重要的基础性原材料,因此钢铁行业的产业链运行与其他重要行业的发展存在着密切的关系性。工业物联网通信协议是通过协议方式形成的一种无线自组织网络。工业物联网通信协议能够实现温度数据的汇总以及上传,从而实现高炉冷却水温差的热负荷监测。热负荷监测系统重点用于对高炉炉缸内热负荷进行监测,帮助工业企业的精细化管理,提高高炉的生产效率及产量。同时对于高炉的使用稳定性以及消除事故隐患方面也存在重要意义。探讨了高炉热负荷监测系统的设计原理,介绍了高炉热负荷监测系统设计方案,分别从硬件以及软件设计两部分进行分析,能够实现对高炉热负荷的监测,延长高炉使用寿命,提升高炉热负荷监测管理水平。

基于集成学习的钢铁(高炉)行业碳排放预测方法

钢铁工业是能源消耗大、碳排放大的典型产业。中国的钢铁业是全球碳排放最多的行业之一。目前,由于缺乏监测数据,对钢铁行业企业碳排放预测的研究很少。为了有效解决这一问题,提出一种基于集成学习的钢铁(高炉)行业碳排放预测方法。选取具有较好计量手段的用电量作为碳排放影响因素,并结合高炉和电弧炉工艺,采用了三种机器学习模型,分别是反向传播(back propagation,简称BP)神经网络、支持向量机和随机森林,这些模型在机器学习领域具有广泛的应用前景。利用Shapley集成学习方法进行碳排放预测。通过仿真实验验证了本文所提的以用电量输入的钢铁行业碳排放预测模型具有理想的有效性与准确性。该结果可以为钢铁行业企业在减排和资源优化方面提供科学依据。

钢铁冶金废渣活化过硫酸盐降解丁基黄药

以钢铁冶金废渣(钢渣、含钛高炉渣、提钒尾渣)活化过硫酸盐降解水中的丁基黄药.分析了废渣种类与用量、过硫酸盐浓度、初始pH等因素对丁基黄药降解效能的影响,采用双因素方差分析揭示了不同因素之间的交互特征.结果表明丁基黄药的降解率随废渣用量和过硫酸盐浓度增加而增大.在废渣用量1 g/L,过硫酸盐浓度为0.5 mmol/L,反应时间96 h时,钢渣、含钛高炉渣、提钒尾渣活化过硫酸钠对丁基黄药的降解率分别可达96.47%,97.70%和95.12%.三种废渣活化效能分别在碱性、近中性和酸性条件下达到最优.其中钢渣活化以非自由基(^(1)O_(2))和SO_(4)·-,HO·共同作用;含钛高炉渣以^(1)O_(2)为主,伴随着HO·的产生;提钒尾渣则仅以^(1)O_(2)为主.

空气和钛精矿对含钛混合熔渣钙钛矿富集行为的影响

采用XRD、SEM、EDS、Image-J等分析手段,探讨空气和钛精矿对含钛熔渣中钛资源富集行为的影响。通过对含钛混合熔渣改性,熔渣中钙钛矿晶体形状发生变化,降低钙钛矿晶体运动阻力,方便上部钙钛矿晶体向下部迁移和富集,得到高品位人造钙钛矿精矿。结果表明:合适的氧化时间有利于熔渣中的低价钛向高价钛转化,适量的添加钛精矿有利于促进钙钛矿晶体的成核,以球形晶体析出。因此,在较佳氧化时间2 min和较佳钛精矿添加量12%共同作用下,Ti组分以球形钙钛矿晶体富集于改性渣底部,钙钛矿体积分数由25.12%增加到61.50%。

磷石膏协同多元固废制备矿山充填材料

为解决磷石膏利用率低、对环境危害大与低成本矿山充填材料研制的问题,本文以粉煤灰、钢渣、高炉矿渣为胶凝材料组分,协同磷石膏制备一种新型的磷石膏基矿山充填材料。通过抗压强度、流动度、凝结时间、浸出毒性和微观试验研究了充填材料的工程与环境特性。结果表明:所研制的矿山充填材料的抗压强度、流动度、凝结时间均能满足规范,达到工程应用需求;在养护28 d后,充填材料的重金属元素的浸出浓度都可以满足地下水Ⅲ级标准的要求,不会污染环境和危害人体健康。当钢渣和高炉矿渣的掺量逐渐增加时,抗压强度逐渐升高,流动度和凝结时间逐渐降低;充填材料中主要的水化产物是钙矾石和C—(A)—S—H凝胶,两者都为充填材料提供了主要的强度,且C—(A)—S—H凝胶可以包裹住重金属离子。

台风天气湛江钢铁煤气系统安全防御实践

以台风天气期间湛江钢铁的煤气系统如何安全保正压、停复役等为例,结合生产计划,有序安排煤气系统停复役及通过COG和氮气合成煤气、煤气柜储气等来保证台风天气期间的所需煤气,从而保证了台风等极端天气条件下的煤气系统安全稳定。

Transient Temperature Analysis for Industrial AC Arc Furnace Bottom

Heat losses from the furnaces depend on the design and size. The surface heat loss from the bottom of an industrial AC electric arc furnace (EAF) possesses an important fraction of overall losses. So in this study the transient temperature variation at the bottom of the EAF was investigated. The transient temperature analysis was carried out using MATLAB computer program. T=T(r, t) for different bottom lining layers was depicted.

Effects of Steel Slag Powder on Workability and Durability of Concrete

The workability and durability of a type of sustainable concrete made with steel slag powder were investigated. The hydrated products of cement paste with ground granulated blast furnace slag（GGBFS） alone or with a combined admixture of GGBFS-steel slag powder were investigated by X-ray diffraction（XRD）. Furthermore, the mechanism of chemically activated steel slag powder was also studied. The experimental results showed that when steel slag powder was added to concrete, the slumps through the same time were lower. The initial and fi nal setting times were slightly retarded. The dry shrinkages were lower, and the abrasion resistance was better. The chemically activated steel slag powder could improve compressive strengths, resistance to chloride permeation and water permeation, as well as carbonization resistance. XRD patterns indicated that the activators enhanced the formation of calcium silicate hydrate（C-S-H） gel and ettringite（AFt）. This research contributes to sustainable disposal of wastes and has the potential to provide several important environmental benefi ts.

MgO掺杂对高炉渣熔融调质钢渣物相组成及结构的影响

为了探明MgO掺杂对高炉渣熔融调质钢渣(混合渣)物相组成与结构的影响,采用X射线衍射仪和SEM-EDS扫描电镜对高温调质后混合渣物相组成及形貌进行了分析。结果表明,掺杂MgO能有效抑制MgFe_(2)O_(4)相和非胶凝性Ca_(2)Al_(2)SiO_(7)物相生成、促进MgFeAlO_(4)物相生成,提高混合渣熔点。MgO掺杂量2%的高温调质混合渣截面呈层状结构,内层MgFeAlO_(4)物相占比增加,孔洞均匀且细小;中间具有层状结构的MgFe_(2)O_(4)尖晶石包裹在MgFeAlO_(4)物相周围;外层Ca_(2)Al_(2)SiO_(7)物相孔洞均匀,致密度适中;此结构的混合渣是较好的重金属离子过滤材料。

钢渣-矿渣复合水泥基材料3D打印性能

为了提高固体废弃物的资源化利用,探究利用钢渣制备3D打印水泥基材料的可行性,研究了钢渣、矿渣的质量比对复合水泥基材料流变特性、可打印性和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着钢渣质量的增加,浆体的流动度和静态屈服应力增大,塑性粘度减小,可挤出性增强,变形率降低,同时抗压强度显著降低。通过Zeta电位测试发现,随着钢渣掺量的增加,Zeta电位绝对值变小,胶体颗粒间引力增大,导致静态屈服应力增大。而随着矿渣掺量的增加,浆体固含量增多,固体颗粒间摩擦加剧,产生了更多絮凝结构和网状结构,提高了浆体的塑性粘度。