GMA material design and construction quality control for asphalt pavement of steel box girder: Case study of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge

To improve the quality of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge paving project,a new paving layer material,Guss-mastic asphalt(GMA),was proposed in this paper by combining the advantages of two types of cast asphalt mixtures:mastic asphalt(MA)and Guss asphalt(GA).Based on the characteristics of GMA,to simulate its actual production process,this study developed a small-simulated cooker mixing equipment.Moreover,the flow degree,60C dynamic stability,and impact toughness were proposed to be used to evaluate the construction and ease,high temperature stability,and fatigue resistance of GMA cast asphalt mixtures,respectively.Moreover,the quality control standards for GMA paving materials by indoor tests,field trial mix GMA material performance tests,and accelerated loading tests were finalized.The study showed that the developed simulated cooker yielded consistent mixing results in the same working environment as the engineering cooker device.Increasing the coarse aggregate incorporation rate,coarsening the mastic epure(ME)gradation composition,and using a smaller oil to stone ratio can reduce the flowability of the GMA materials to varying degrees.The four-point bending fatigue life and impact toughness of the different GMA materials are correlated well.A mobility of<20 s,60C dynamic stability of 400–800 times/mm,15C impact toughness of400 N⋅mm,and cooker car mixing temperature control standard of 210C–230C form an appropriate control index system for the design and production of GMA cast asphalt mixtures.Simultaneously,accelerated loading tests verified the accuracy and reliability of the quality control index system that has been used in the GMA paving project of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge deck and has achieved good application results.

Research on Construction Process of Steel Box Girder Bridge and Its Stress Analysis

The paper introduce the construction method of large segment hosting and its difficulty, and drawing up corresponding liner and stress monitoring plan. The paper gives the calculation method of shear area for such a big cantilever thin-walled steel box girder section, namely the shear coefficient computation theory of Professor Hu Haichang, and the use of this shear area perfect beam element model, structure model and the experiment prove that the shell model is more consistent, given a certain reference for similar section project.

Geometric state transfer method for construction control of a large-segment steel box girder with hoisting installation

This paper aims to address the problem of geometric state control of large-segment steel box girders in offshore hoisting during the construction of large-span bridges. First, the geometric state control indexes of a large-segment steel box girder are determined, such as the manufacturing parameters of the top and bottom slabs, the width of the annular joint, and the support position. Second, the geometric state equations and state transfer matrixes of large-segment steel box girders under different conditions are deduced by taking the mileage and elevation of control points as basic state variables. In application of the geometric state transfer method in the construction control of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the width of the annular joint and the position parameters for the support of the large-segment steel box girder are predicted precisely. Moreover, the manufacturing parameters of the top and bottom slabs of the steel box girders are calculated reliably. The measured values show that the width of the annular joint is basically the same with the difference of less than 2 mm, the eccentricity of bridge support is less than 20 mm, and the elevation error of the bridge deck is within-10 mm to +15 mm, which meets the construction accuracy. Using the geometric state transfer method, the rapid and accurate installation of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has been realized, demonstrating that the precise control of the geometric state of a steel box girder with ectopic installation and multi-state transition can be realized by using the geometric state transfer method.

Control measures for thermal effects during placement of span-scale girder segments on continuous steel box girder bridges

In this study, we examined the thermal effects throughout the process of the placement of span-scale girder segments on a 6×110-m continuous steel box girder in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Firstly, when a span-scale girder segment is temporarily stored in the open air, temperature gradients will significantly increase the maximum reaction force on temporary supports and cause local buckling at the bottom of the girder segment. Secondly, due to the temperature difference of the girder segments before and after girth-welding, some residual thermal deflections will appear on the girder segments because the boundary conditions of the structure are changed by the girth-welding. Thirdly, the thermal expansion and thermal bending of girder segments will cause movement and rotation of bearings, which must be considered in setting bearings. We propose control measures for these problems based on finite element method simulation with field-measured temperatures. The local buckling during open-air storage can be avoided by reasonably determining the appropriate positions of temporary supports using analysis of overall and local stresses. The residual thermal deflections can be overcome by performing girth-welding during a period when the vertical temperature difference of the girder is within 1 °C, such as after 22:00. Some formulas are proposed to determine the pre-set distances for bearings, in which the movement and rotation of the bearings due to dead loads and thermal loads are considered. Finally, the feasibility of these control measures in the placement of span-scale girder segments on a real continuous girder was verified: no local buckling was observed during open-air storage;the residual thermal deflections after girth-welding were controlled within 5 mm and the residual pre-set distances of bearings when the whole continuous girder reached its design state were controlled within 20 mm.

Identification of Connection Flexibility Effects Based on Load Testing of a Steel-Concrete Bridge

In the case of composite girders, an effective cooperation of both parts of the section is influenced by deformability of connectors. Limited flexural stiffness of welded studs, used commonly in bridge structures, does not provide full interaction of a steel beam and a concrete slab. This changes strain distribution in cross-sections of a composite girder and results in redistribution of internal forces in steel and concrete element. In the paper partial interaction index defined on the basis of a neutral axis position, which can be used for verification of steel-concrete interaction in real bridge structures rather than in specimens is proposed. The range of the index value changes, obtained during load testing of a typical steel-concrete composite beam bridge, is presented. The investigation was carried out on a motorway viaduct, consisting of two parallel structures. During the testing values of strains in girders under static and quasi-static loads were measured. The readings from the gauges were used to determine the index, characterizing composite action of the girders. Results of bridge testing under movable load, changing position along the bridge span is presented and obtained in-situ influence functions of strains and index values are commented in the paper.

新型波形钢腹板组合箱梁畸变效应

为研究新型波形钢腹板(CSW)组合箱梁的畸变效应,以板梁框架法和位移法为基础,建立单箱多室新型CSW组合箱梁的畸变控制微分方程和边界条件,得到畸变正应力解析解,并采用有限元法检验推导结果的正确性。应用推导结果对比分析新型CSW组合箱梁与传统CSW组合箱梁的畸变性能,以及截面高度、箱室宽度和钢底板厚度对新型CSW组合箱梁畸变效应的影响。结果表明:解析解计算得到的畸变正应力与有限元模型计算的结果吻合较好,畸变角的变化规律与有限元模型计算结果一致;与传统CSW组合箱梁相比,新型CSW组合箱梁的畸变翘曲刚度减小了38.89%,畸变框架刚度减小了71.84%,抗畸变能力减弱;随着截面高度和箱室宽度增加,新型CSW组合箱梁跨中畸变角和跨中畸变双力矩均逐渐增大,且箱室宽度的影响更为明显;随着钢底板厚度增加,新型CSW组合箱梁跨中畸变角逐渐减小,跨中畸变双力矩逐渐增大。

重庆新田长江公路大桥设计

重庆新田长江公路大桥主桥采用跨径1020 m的双塔单跨钢箱梁悬索桥,一跨过江。该桥加劲梁采用扁平流线型钢箱梁。桥塔采用门形混凝土塔,高峰侧桥塔采用塔肢不等高设计,上游塔肢高169.5 m,下游塔肢高153.5 m;新田侧桥塔高169.5 m。桥塔基础均采用分离式承台+大直径桩。两岸重力式锚碇采用空间异形结构、扩大基础,锚碇锚固系统采用无粘结镀锌钢绞线拉索。主缆采用标准抗拉强度1860 MPa的预制平行钢丝索股,吊索采用标准抗拉强度1670 MPa的平行钢丝索股,边跨及主跨跨中部分索夹采用焊接式索夹,其余采用铸造式索夹。引桥上部结构采用30 m跨径预应力混凝土T梁,下部结构采用大直径桩+大直径柱。高峰侧引桥上方的陡崖带采用支撑、清除、锚固等措施进行处治,新田侧桥塔前缘顺层边坡采用抗滑桩支挡。钢箱梁梁段采用工厂制造、水上运输、现场安装的施工方案,其中岸坡区钢箱梁采用空中连续荡移架设。

考虑温度和剪切变形的改进型波形钢腹板组合箱梁动力特性研究

为了精确分析温度效应和剪切变形效应对改进型波形钢腹板组合箱梁自振特性的影响,提出一种考虑温度效应和剪切变形效应的改进型波形钢腹板组合箱梁自振特性分析方法。综合考虑温度、剪切变形和波形钢腹板刚度修正的影响,运用应力等效原则推导出改进型波形钢腹板组合箱梁的自振频率解析公式;利用实桥ANSYS有限元分析结果和试验实测结果对自振频率解析公式的正确性进行了验证;分析了温度等效轴向偏心力变化、弹性模量变化、剪切变形效应、不同高跨比和不同宽跨比下温度效应对该桥型自振频率的影响。结果表明:温度效应对改进型波形钢腹板组合箱梁的基频影响较大,计算该桥型的基频时需要考虑温度效应的影响;波形钢腹板的剪切变形效应对该桥型自振频率的影响较为显著,从第4阶自振频率开始剪切变形的影响已超过50%;不同高跨比下温度效应对基频的影响较大,且随着高跨比的增大呈线性急剧增大;不同宽跨比下温度效应对自振频率的影响较小,可以忽略不计。研究成果可为改进型波形钢腹板组合箱梁的自振频率计算和分析提供参考依据。

钢箱梁大节段整孔吊装线形控制技术

某跨海大桥部分连续钢箱梁采用大节段整孔吊装。钢箱梁大节段由小节段接长而成,在制造阶段考虑钢箱梁预拱度设置;为确保接长后钢箱梁制造误差满足要求,钢箱梁小节段出胎前进行预拼装,检查几何尺寸,并设置线形控制点;大节段组拼时通过线形控制点定位,并对焊接完成后的几何尺寸及线形进行复核。在架设阶段,建立大节段线形调整流程,将大节段调整到指定位置确定环切量;针对大节段架设存在梁端夹角的问题,利用墩顶千斤顶顶落大节段做刚体旋转调整其夹角,使得钢梁顺接。钢箱梁大节段安装成联后,高程和平面线形偏差总体均在10 mm以内,线形控制效果总体良好。

洪奇门特大桥钢箱梁智能顶推施工关键技术

南沙至中山高速公路洪奇门特大桥主桥为(80.5+222.5+520+222.5+80.5)m双塔双索面半飘浮体系钢箱梁斜拉桥。大桥位于珠三角近海冲积平原滨海区,边跨分别位于洪奇沥水道浅滩区及大堤内侧,钢箱梁采用边跨顶推、中跨悬臂架设的施工方案。考虑钢箱梁顶推距离长、重量大、工期长,为确保施工安全并提高工效,边跨钢箱梁采用智能顶推施工,研发了一套完整的全场景智能化成套技术。将非均匀载荷条件下桥梁顶推智能同步控制技术、基于动态监测数据驱动的桥梁顶推智能纠偏控制技术、基于数字孪生的桥梁顶推施工智能监测与控制系统相结合,使结构状态和设备控制形成联动,50个钢箱梁节段顶推施工平均工效可达3.8 m/h,实现了桥梁顶推施工全过程状态的实时监测、动态可视、预警及智能控制。

150m跨整孔全焊接钢桁梁试拼装工艺及荷载试验研究

孟加拉帕德玛大桥上部为全焊接连续钢桁梁结构,施工中开创性地采用了整孔拼装及架设方案。为验证钢桁梁拼装过程中线形计算及拼装方案的合理性、可行性,选取1跨钢桁梁进行试拼装和荷载试验。详细阐述了钢桁梁试拼装前线形计算、整孔试拼装施工技术、荷载试验等相关内容,通过对全过程检测数据及荷载试验分析,验证了该钢桁梁线形计算结果、拼装技术及试验结果均满足要求。

临时扣塔辅助顶推的钢箱梁结构参数分析

为研究临时扣塔辅助顶推施工中大跨钢箱梁、导梁和临时扣塔的受力行为,依托主跨为90m的汾水河大桥,建立了有限元分析模型,开展了最大悬臂状态下结构自重、扣塔高度与刚度、扣索位置、索力及刚度等参数的敏感性分析。结果表明:扣索位置为导梁前端下挠的敏感性参数,当外侧和内侧扣索水平投影长度均增大20%时,导梁前端下挠分别减小73%和38%,外侧扣索宜设置在其水平投影长度为60%~80%最大悬臂长度的区域;扣索索力为扣塔偏位的敏感性参数,当外侧和内侧扣索索力分别增大33%和50%时,扣塔偏位分别减小169%和136%;导梁自重为钢箱梁应力的敏感性参数,导梁自重增加20%,钢箱梁拉应力和压应力分别增大43%和37%。研究成果可为同类型桥梁施工提供借鉴。

钢箱梁顶板-U肋疲劳裂纹钢板加固参数与效果分析

为研究钢板加固钢箱梁顶板-U肋疲劳裂纹的具体加固参数与加固效果,以加固件长度与厚度、是否设置加劲肋为变化参数,建立局部有限元分析模型,通过分析顶板-U肋焊趾处应力,评估受损构件的钢板加固效果,并提取裂纹尖端应力强度因子,研究不同参数对于加固效果的影响规律。结果表明:采用钢板加固顶板-U肋焊缝细节,可使模型中焊趾应力峰值降低约40%;胶层破坏时通常从顶板处开始破坏,现场加固时应确保顶板处胶层粘贴紧固;当钢板长度大于裂纹长度时,钢板长度对裂纹尖端应力水平影响较小,加固时保证钢板能够完全覆盖裂纹即可;当钢板板厚达母材板厚的1/2时加固效果趋于稳定,实桥加固时可取板厚为母材板厚的一半;与未加固裂纹相比,采用带加劲肋钢板可将裂纹尖端应力强度因子降低约50%,建议在加固时采用带加劲肋钢板,进一步提升加固效果。

无合龙段变高度连续钢箱梁桥顶推施工关键技术研究

以某实际工程为背景,介绍了适用于大跨变高度连续钢箱梁桥在跨中不具备设置临时墩条件下的顶推施工方法以及结构内力、线形控制技术。针对主梁梁高变化大和梁底曲线的结构特点,通过主梁立面姿态旋转的方法降低顶推抄垫高度,并采用步履机顶设置转动球冠和调整楔形块的方式适应梁底曲线与顶推设备的贴合需求。针对顶推施工过程中主梁端部挠度过大、合龙口相对高差明显、悬臂根部负弯矩显著增大的问题,基于无应力状态法思想,研究采用了两侧对顶加临时扣索辅助合龙的工艺,优化了结构成桥内力状态,降低线形控制风险;并对顶推过程中钢箱梁底板局部稳定、纵向倾覆稳定性等问题进行了计算分析,提出了相应控制措施。

大跨度斜拉桥锚固构造焊接技术研究

新市金沙江大桥主塔上采用钢锚梁和钢牛腿结构锚固斜拉索,钢梁上采用钢锚箱结构焊接在上弦杆上,由于受力大,锚固构造部位多为厚板焊接,熔透焊缝多,焊接填充量大,局部操作空间狭小,施工操作、焊接变形控制难度较大。通过对钢锚梁、钢牛腿及钢桁梁锚箱构造组装施焊顺序及焊接变形控制进行分析研究,采取相应的控制措施,制定合理的焊接工艺,保证新市金沙江大桥锚固构造的焊接质量和制造精度。

跨城市快速路钢箱梁顶推施工关键技术研究

钢箱梁桥在城市桥梁建设中应用广泛,而大跨径钢箱梁顶推施工面临施工环境复杂、安全风险高、精度要求严等诸多挑战。结合某跨城市快速路钢箱梁顶推施工实际案例,通过详细分析钢箱梁及临时结构安装、顶推施工、落梁施工、线形控制及纠偏等关键技术环节,阐述了各项技术的实施步骤与注意事项。工程应用结果表明,采用科学合理的施工技术与管理措施,能够有效提升大跨径钢箱梁顶推施工的效率与质量,保障施工安全。

Refined analysis and construction parameter calculation for full-span erection of the continuous steel box girder bridge with long cantilevers

To accurately control the full-span erection of continuous steel box girder bridges with complex cross-sections and long cantilevers, both the augmented finite element method(A-FEM) and the degenerated plate elements are adopted in this paper. The entire construction process is simulated by the A-FEM with the mesh-separation-based approximation technique, while the degenerated plate elements are constructed based on 3D isoparametric elements, making it suitable for analysis of a thin-walled structure. This method significantly improves computational efficiency by avoiding numerous degrees of freedom(DoFs) when analyzing complex structures. With characteristics of the full-span erection technology, the end-face angle of adjacent girder segments, the preset distance of girder segments from the design position, and the temperature difference are selected as control parameters, and they are calculated through the structural response of each construction stage. Engineering practice shows that the calculation accuracy of A-FEM is verified by field-measured results. It can be applied rapidly and effectively to evaluate the matching state of girder segments and the stress state of bearings as well as the thermal effect during full-span erection.

市政桥梁钢箱梁梁段安装施工技术分析

为进一步探究市政桥梁钢箱梁安装施工技术要点,文章结合某地市政桥梁工程的实际案例展开研究,讨论了施工准备阶段的地基处理和设备选型,后从节段划分、吊装、合龙与焊接四个环节着手,详细探讨了市政桥梁钢箱梁梁段安装施工技术的具体流程与应当遵循的要点,并对此次施工效果进行评价。结果显示,此次施工作业各项主要指标均符合预期,因此此次施工作业所总结的经验具有一定的参考价值。

跨河钢箱梁顶推施工技术与变形控制研究

学府路东延跨太平河桥梁工程主跨梁体采用顶推法施工,具有顶推跨径大、梁体结构宽、工期长等特点。通过现场监测,结合施工方案,分析顶推过程中的步进位移、偏移、挠度情况;分析出现偏移的原因为:顶推设备竖向顶升不到位、横向油缸横移时误差、临时墩出现沉降、顶推施工环境复杂多变、施工现场早晚温差大等。由此制定针对性的施工控制措施,保证梁体步进过程中各结构物的安全性与稳定性。

非对称钢-混混合梁桥关键技术研究

为给多跨非对称钢-混混合梁桥设计与施工提供参考,以一座4跨非对称钢-混混合梁桥——龙翔大桥主航道桥为背景,采用有限元软件建立该桥杆系结构有限元模型,分析不同合龙顺序、钢箱梁长度对该桥成桥后线形和内力的影响,以及9个关键参数对预拱度及合龙口纵向变形的影响。结果表明:合龙顺序对成桥线形和内力的影响较小,该桥采用2个中跨依次合龙的施工顺序;各墩墩顶负弯矩绝对值和中跨跨中挠度随钢箱梁长度与中跨跨径之比k 1增大而呈线性减小,该桥k 1最终取0.371,中跨钢箱梁长75 m;钢箱梁自重和主梁混凝土弹性模量对预拱度影响较大,前者变化6%、后者变化10%时预拱度变化值分别约为15 mm和13 mm;环境温度对合龙口纵向变形影响较大,环境温度变化10℃时合龙口纵向变形变化12 mm。施工控制时应严格控制钢箱梁自重、主梁混凝土弹性模量,确保按设计温度合龙。