Numerical investigation of temperature gradient-induced thermal stress for steel–concrete composite bridge deck in suspension bridges

A3D finite element model(FEM)with realistic field measurements of temperature distributions is proposed to investigate the thermal stress variation in the steel–concrete composite bridge deck system.First,a brief literaturereview indicates that traditional thermal stress calculation in suspension bridges is based on the2D plane structure with simplified temperature profiles on bridges.Thus,a3D FEM is proposed for accurate stress analysis.The focus is on the incorporation of full field arbitrary temperature profile for the stress analysis.Following this,the effect of realistic temperature distribution on the structure is investigated in detail and an example using field measurements of Aizhai Bridge is integrated with the proposed3D FEM model.Parametric studies are used to illustrate the effect of different parameters on the thermal stress distribution in the bridge structure.Next,the discussion and comparison of the proposed methodology and simplified calculation method in the standard is given.The calculation difference and their potential impact on the structure are shown in detail.Finally,some conclusions and recommendations for future bridge analysis and design are given based on the proposed study.

Research on an innovative structure of an open-ribbed steel-ultra-high performance concrete composite bridge deck

To completely solve the problem of fatigue cracking issue of orthotropic steel bridge decks(OSDs),the authors proposed a steel–ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)lightweight composite deck(LWCD)with closed ribs in 2010.Based on the successful application of that LWCD,an adaptation incorporating an innovative composite deck structure,i.e.,the hot-rolled section steel–UHPC composite deck with open ribs(SSD)is proposed in this paper,aiming to simplify the fabrication process as well as to reduce the cost of LWCD.Based on a long-span cable-stayed bridge,a design scheme is proposed and is compared with the conventional OSD scheme.Further,a finite element(FE)calculation is conducted to reflect both the global and local behavior of the SSD scheme,and it is found that the peaked stresses in the SSD components are less than the corresponding allowable values.A static test is performed for an SSD strip specimen to understand the anti-cracking behavior of the UHPC layer under negative bending moments.The static test results indicate that the UHPC layer exhibited a satisfactory tensile toughness,the UHPC tensile strength obtained from the test is 1.8 times the calculated stress by the FE model of the real bridge.In addition,the fatigue stresses of typical fatigue-prone details in the SSD are calculated and evaluated,and the influences of key design parameters on the fatigue performance of the SSD are analyzed.According to the fatigue results,the peaked stress ranges for all of the 10 fatigue-prone details are within the corresponding constant amplitude fatigue limits.Then a fatigue test is carried out for another SSD strip specimen to explore the fatigue behavior of the fillet weld between the longitudinal and transverse ribs.The specimen failed at the fillet weld after equivalent 47.5 million cycles of loading under the design fatigue stress range,indicating that the fatigue performance of the SSD could meet the fatigue design requirement.Theoretical calculations and experiments provide a basis for the promotion and application of this structure in bridge engineering.

Flexural behaviour of SFRRAC two-way composite slab with different shapes

To promote the application of green renewable materials in concrete composite slabs(CCSs)and study the flexural behavior of CCSs with different shapes,the bending performances of three CCSs with a SFRRAC base plate,one cast-in-site concrete slab of ordinary concrete and one CCS of ordinary concrete by steel bar truss(as recommended in the technical specification for precast concrete structures in Chinese)were compared through experiments.The carrying capacity,flexural behaviour and bi-directional mechanical properties of the specimens were systematically analyzed from the failure modes,load-deflection curves,load-bar strain curves,load-slip curves and crack distributions.Results show that the bending failure process of CCSs with a SFRRAC base plate is similar to that of the cast-in-site concrete slab of ordinary concrete and CCS of ordinary concrete by steel bar truss,as all of them went through the plastic phase,elastic plastic phase and failure phase with fully developed cracks and deflection.No sudden breakage or horizontal cracking of the connecting interface between the base plate and concrete topping was observed.The shape of the base plate has a major impact on the bearing capacity of the CCS with the SFRRAC base plate.When calculating the ultimate bearing capacity with the plastic yield line theory,the influence of the base plate shape on the plastic yield line position should be taken into account.

Identification of Connection Flexibility Effects Based on Load Testing of a Steel-Concrete Bridge

In the case of composite girders, an effective cooperation of both parts of the section is influenced by deformability of connectors. Limited flexural stiffness of welded studs, used commonly in bridge structures, does not provide full interaction of a steel beam and a concrete slab. This changes strain distribution in cross-sections of a composite girder and results in redistribution of internal forces in steel and concrete element. In the paper partial interaction index defined on the basis of a neutral axis position, which can be used for verification of steel-concrete interaction in real bridge structures rather than in specimens is proposed. The range of the index value changes, obtained during load testing of a typical steel-concrete composite beam bridge, is presented. The investigation was carried out on a motorway viaduct, consisting of two parallel structures. During the testing values of strains in girders under static and quasi-static loads were measured. The readings from the gauges were used to determine the index, characterizing composite action of the girders. Results of bridge testing under movable load, changing position along the bridge span is presented and obtained in-situ influence functions of strains and index values are commented in the paper.

钢纤维细石混凝土-钢组合板抗弯性能试验研究

钢纤维细石混凝土是一种具有优异力学性能和良好工作性的高性能混凝土复合材料。本试验针对正交异性钢桥面铺装层裂缝病害问题,对4组采用不同钢筋配筋率和保护层厚度的横桥向钢纤维细石混凝土-钢组合桥面板进行了抗弯破坏试验,研究了组合板的荷载-挠度关系与裂缝开展特征;用等效截面法计算了开裂应力、裂缝宽度和钢筋应力,验证了钢纤维细石混凝土-钢组合板的抗裂性能。结果表明:60 mm厚钢纤维细石混凝土铺装层在小配筋率(2.6%)和低于规范要求的保护层厚度(15 mm)条件下呈现出多缝开裂的破坏形态,具备较高的延性和开裂应力,满足规范和工程应用的要求。

公铁合建斜拉桥钢桁-混凝土板组合梁受力特性

以某主跨808 m的公铁合建新型钢桁-混凝土板组合梁斜拉桥为背景,采用ANSYS软件建立局部组合梁细化的全桥多尺度有限元模型,分析其在不同工况下双层组合梁的受力传力特性和混凝土桥面板荷载分配比,并讨论混凝土桥面板厚度t_(b)、横梁刚度变化系数λ_(K)和钢与混凝土弹性模量比λ_(E)对组合梁受力传力的影响规律。结果表明:最不利组合工况下,钢桁架最不利Von Mises应力为183.6 MPa,混凝土桥面板最大拉应力为5.3 MPa,均满足结构受力要求;沿纵向路径,钢桁架和混凝土桥面应力在节间横梁间均呈“波形”分布;上下层混凝土桥面板顶、底面应力沿横向近似呈“W”和“M”状分布,表明桥面板承受一定沿横向不均匀分布弯矩;公路及铁路混凝土桥面最大剪力滞系数分别为1.45、1.36,更宽的公路混凝土桥面剪力滞效应更显著;公路及铁路混凝土桥面分别承担上、下层结构57.46%~79.99%和33.21%~62.81%的轴向荷载,为组合梁的主要传力构件;混凝土桥面板的应力随t_(b)及λ_(K)的增大而增大,随λ_(E)的增大而逐渐减小;混凝土桥面每层平均荷载分配比ξ与t_(b)成正比,与λ_(K)及λ_(E)成反比;当t_(b)、λ_(K)和λ_(E)参数的取值范围分别为0.8~1.4、0.4~1.6以及4~10时,组合梁混凝土桥面应力及荷载分配比ξ较为合理。

栓钉型弧形双钢板混凝土组合板的抗爆性能试验与数值分析

弧形双钢板混凝土组合结构由钢板、混凝土与连接件协同作用,具有更优异的抗震和抗爆性能,被应用于超高层结构、海洋平台和核电设施中。利用试验和数值分析方法研究了栓钉型弧形双钢板混凝土组合结构的破坏模式和损伤机理,参数化分析了爆炸距离、钢板厚度、拱高和栓钉间距对其抗爆性能的影响。结果表明:在爆炸荷载下,栓钉型弧形双钢板混凝土组合板整体表现良好,仍具有较高的承载能力。增加爆炸距离和钢板厚度能有效减小混凝土的损伤和组合板的跨中挠度;减小拱高,混凝土损伤区域从以压缩破坏为主逐渐转换为以拉伸破坏为主,混凝土损伤更严重,组合板跨中挠度变大;减小栓钉间距会增大混凝土塑性损伤程度,但组合板的跨中挠度减小。研究结果可为弧形双钢板混凝土组合结构的设计提供参考。

钢-混凝土组合简支桥面连续结构横向应力分析

针对钢-混组合简支梁桥的桥面连续结构开裂等病害,围绕桥面连接板的横桥向应力问题,采用线弹性理论和板的偏微分方程进行分析,得出了桥面连接板挠度和应力的分布函数,建立非线性有限元模型,并进行实桥荷载试验.通过比较理论解、有限元解和实测试验结果,证实了理论解和有限元的有效性.根据得到的分布函数,发现横桥向和纵桥向上的最大拉应力出现在钢梁端部位置的连接板的上缘.此外,还分析了连接板区域尺寸变化对横桥向应力峰值的影响,包括纵梁端部距支座的长度、纵梁的间距以及连接板区域整体尺寸变化.结果表明:较小的纵梁间距和较长的纵梁端部与支撑之间的距离会导致连接板中的横向拉应力峰值增加,并提高横向拉应力在总应力中的占比,从而导致桥面连接板早于设计荷载开裂.因此对于纵梁间距较小、梁端长度较长的钢-混组合简支梁桥桥面连续结构,仅计算其纵桥向受力性能会导致计算结果偏危险,建议按照本文方法考虑横桥向应力对桥面连接板的影响.

正交异性钢-钢纤维混凝土组合桥面板疲劳极限状态研究

为了解正交异性钢-钢纤维混凝土(Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete,SFRC)组合桥面板的疲劳性能及失效机理,以川南城际铁路临港长江大桥为背景,设计、制作正交异性钢-SFRC组合桥面板足尺模型进行疲劳试验,采用ANSYS软件建立试件有限元模型,研究关键细节的疲劳应力和开裂等情况。基于有限元模型,分析不同设计参数(钢顶板厚度、栓钉布置、SFRC抗拉强度及层厚)下组合桥面板疲劳极限状态的失效模式,并提出了主要控制参数取值建议。结果表明:200万次疲劳加载后足尺模型的实测最大裂缝宽度为0.136 mm,出现在SFRC层上缘,钢结构未开裂,组合桥面板疲劳性能良好;组合桥面板疲劳极限状态主要由SFRC层开裂控制,钢顶板厚度、栓钉布置对组合桥面板疲劳性能的影响较小,SFRC抗拉强度和层厚对组合桥面板疲劳性能影响较大,为主要控制参数;在常规正交异性钢桥面板上铺设薄层(厚度不超过50 mm)SFRC时,SFRC抗拉强度不应小于5 MPa,在常规正交异性钢桥面板上铺设普通SFRC(钢纤维体积含量不高于1%,抗拉强度不高于3 MPa)时,SFRC层厚不宜低于100 mm。

带钢筋桁架楼承板的PRC连梁抗震性能试验研究及数值分析

为适应超高层建筑以及现代工业化住宅建筑体系迅速发展的需要,提出了一种带钢筋桁架楼承板的新型钢板-混凝土组合(plate-reinforced composite,PRC)连梁。通过拟静力试验,分析了不考虑楼板作用、带普通钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)楼板及带钢筋桁架楼承板PRC连梁的破坏形态、承载能力、变形能力和耗能能力等。在此基础上,采用ABAQUS软件分析在不同峰值荷载作用下钢筋桁架楼承板PRC连梁的混凝土、钢板和钢筋骨架的应力发展情况。研究结果表明:钢筋桁架楼承板的设置能显著提高小跨高比PRC连梁的受剪承载力、耗能能力和延性,设置楼板能显著提高连梁的峰值荷载,且带钢筋桁架楼承板对PRC连梁承载力的提升比带普通RC楼板更强,其连梁试件PRC-S3的正向峰值荷载比不带楼板连梁PRC-NS1和带普通RC楼板连梁PRC-S2分别提升了31%和18%,但带楼板连梁在梁板交界处产生通缝之后连梁的刚度退化较为严重;带钢筋桁架楼承板的PRC连梁具有优越的耗能能力,在连梁跨度范围内均出现了显著的对角压杆,主压杆及其衍生压杆共同构成桁架作用来承受剪力;楼承板桁架上下弦钢筋以及连梁纵筋均在连梁根部位置出现应力集中,且连梁试件PRC-S3破坏点对应的累积耗能是不带楼板试件PRC-NS1的1.39倍。

Mechanical behavior of concrete-filled rectangular steel tubular composite truss bridge in the negative moment region

Concrete-filled rectangular steel tubular(CFRST)composite truss bridge is a new type of structure composed of a CFRST truss and concrete deck slab.This new type of bridge has the advantages of high structural force-transferring efficiency,rapid assembly construction speed and excellent total life cycle,which meets the construction concept of green,recyclable and sustainable development.Due to the broad application prospects,experiment on the flexural behavior of CFRST composite truss bridge in the negative moment region was reported by authors previously.This paper thus presents a finite element analysis(FEA)modelling verified by the reported test data to further investigate the detailed analytical behavior of this structure.The structural response and failure mechanism of CFRST composite truss beam in the negative moment region are studied.In addition,the important structural design parameters on the flexural performance of the CFRST composite truss beam are also investigated,including the height to span ratio,the brace-to-chord wall thickness ratio,the reinforcement ratio of steel reinforcements and prestressed tendons and the strength grade of concrete infill in chords.Finally,the reasonable structural design parameters range are proposed for the optimum design of the CFRST composite truss bridge.

超长距离顶推施工导梁屈曲分析研究

以某UHPC钢混组合梁全断面超长距顶推施工项目为背景,针对前置导梁容易产生加劲隔板焊缝失效缺陷等问题,采用SOLIDWORKS并结合ABAQUS有限元软件,选取实际导梁前三节段建立局部导梁分析简化模型,基于可能出现的隔板失效模式,进行含缺陷导梁的屈曲响应分析.结果表明:局部模型第三根纵隔板失效对导梁稳定性影响最大,该缺陷导梁一阶屈曲特征值由3.36下降至2.31.顶推施工中应频繁对第三纵隔板,以及处于三、四纵隔板之间的上下横隔板进行焊缝质量与局部变形检验,确保超长距离顶推施工中导梁截面的稳定性.

先简支后桥面板连续体系桥面板抗裂性能研究

先简支后桥面板连续体系是一种新型钢混组合结构,在该体系的中支点处设置一定长度的钢梁-混凝土桥面板分离段,可以改善桥面板负弯矩区的受力状态。目前对于该体系桥面板负弯矩区这一薄弱环节的试验研究尚属空白。本研究首先根据实际一座先简支后桥面板连续的钢混组合梁桥,设计制作了两跨1/4比例的缩尺模型,并通过安装、拆除带套筒剪力钉对中支点处的分离段长度进行调节。然后通过在两跨桥面上模拟单轮重轴荷载进行逐点加载试验,研究了分离段长度对桥面板受力状态和抗裂性能的影响。最后对原桥的抗裂性能进行了分析。结果表明,中支点处设置分离段的先简支后桥面板连续体系可显著改善结构的抗裂性能。本研究有助于推广先简支后桥面板连续体系在钢混组合结构中的应用、推动桥梁结构预制装配技术的发展。

新型高延性混凝土-压型钢板组合楼板承载力试验研究

为推动新型农村建设装配式体系研发,提出一种外包高延性混凝土夹芯压型钢板的全预制新型组合楼板,并推导相应受弯承载力和挠度的理论计算方法。设计3种不同跨度的新型组合楼板,并将试验结果与理论计算进行对比。结果表明:计算结果与实测结果拟合良好;在正常使用阶段,新型组合楼板的变形表现为理想的弹性效果;新型组合楼板具有良好整体性和组合效应并具有较高承载力,且满足规范要求。可为进一步理论研究提供可靠依据。

带楼板装配式钢混组合节点抗震性能分析

为了研究楼板组合效应对模块化钢混组合十字形节点抗震性能的影响,在已有试验研究基础上,通过ABAQUS软件建立了模块化钢混组合十字形节点的三维实体模型并进行可靠性验证。在此基础上,分析了轴压比、楼板宽度、楼板厚度和配筋率对节点抗震性能的影响。结果表明,轴压比对节点抗震性能影响显著,轴压比大于0.4时,节点塑性转动性能随轴压比的增大而降低。当楼板宽度增大为1200 mm时,承载力和初始刚度分别降低约25.3%和28.5%,但其对节点的延性和承载力退化影响较小。楼板厚度和配筋率对节点抗震性能影响均较小,可忽略不计。

波形钢-混凝土组合桥面板力学性能研究综述

介绍了波形钢-混凝土组合桥面板在实际工程中的应用概况及力学性能研究现状。研究成果表明:(1)与混凝土桥面板相比,该新型组合桥面板自重轻,且具有较高的抗弯承载力和刚度;与钢桥面板相比,该新型组合桥面板抗疲劳性能优异。基于以上优点,该新型组合桥面板具有广阔的应用前景。(2)目前针对波形钢-普通混凝土组合桥面板开展的研究主要集中在组合桥面板的静力性能上,需要对其疲劳性能开展更多的理论及试验研究;目前针对波形钢-超高性能混凝土组合桥面板的相关研究较少,需要对其开展更多的静力性能和疲劳性能研究。(3)将超高性能混凝土应用于该新型组合桥面板中,合理选择剪力连接件型式,在保证波形钢板与混凝土之间可靠连接的前提下,进一步减少焊缝数量,提高其抗疲劳性能,是该新型组合桥面板的发展方向。

接触爆炸下波纹钢⁃混凝土板复合结构水下防爆效果评价

为探究不同波纹钢⁃混凝土板复合结构的水下抗爆防护效果,采用有限元⁃光滑粒子流体动力学耦合算法(FEM⁃SPH)建立水下多介质耦合爆炸模型;设计不同波纹钢⁃混凝土板复合结构防护方案,探究不同复合结构防护层(含3,6,9,12 mm厚波纹钢复合结构、含30°,45°,60°,75°波纹钢复合结构和含10,30,50,70 mm波高波纹钢复合结构)的水下削波吸能效果,并提出耗能分担率对复合结构进行防护效果评价。研究结果表明:混凝土板迎爆面与背爆面的模拟结果与试验结果较为吻合,验证了水下接触爆炸模拟过程;不同复合结构防护方案下,含12 mm厚波纹钢复合结构、含75°波纹钢复合结构和含70 mm波高波纹钢复合结构防护方案较无防护方案测点峰值压力最大降幅为63.2%,60%和57.9%,最大防护率分别为63.2%,60.0%和57.9%,耗能分担率为69.48%,66.26%和63.51%;最优型式(厚度为12 mm/夹角为75°/波高为70 mm)复合结构的削波吸能效果及防护效果均显著优于单一因素影响下的复合结构。研究成果可为不同波纹钢⁃混凝土板复合结构在水下抗爆防护领域的应用提供理论基础。

压型钢板-混凝土组合板纵向抗剪性能研究进展

压型钢板-混凝土组合板具有承载力高、自重轻、施工便捷等优点,广泛应用于工业厂房、高层建筑及桥梁中。压型钢板-混凝土组合板的纵向抗剪性能是一个重要的研究方向,通过其对理论研究、试验研究以及数值模拟研究三方面进行梳理,分析了目前国内外压型钢板-混凝土组合板纵向抗剪性能的研究成果。结果表明:目前对组合板的纵向抗剪性能研究主要是以试验与数值模拟相结合的方式,基于试验结果建立的有限元模型,能够有效模拟组合板的受力状况。并基于研究现状,对压型钢板-混凝土组合板进一步的研究方向和思路提出建议,以期对下一步的研究应用提供参考。

宜宾新市金沙江大桥主桥总体设计

宜宾新市金沙江大桥主桥为(304+680+304)m双塔双索面钢桁梁斜拉桥,采用半飘浮体系,在桥塔横梁顶设置含限位功能的纵向阻尼器,两岸边跨各设置1个辅助墩。桥塔采用宝瓶形钢筋混凝土塔,四川岸和云南岸塔高分别为290.2 m和297.5 m,由上、中、下塔柱和上、中、下横梁及下塔柱横向连接隔板组成。主梁采用钢桁梁与钢-混组合桥面板的板桁结合型式,主桁横向中心距28 m,桁高6.8 m,标准节间长6.8 m,上、下弦杆与腹杆呈“N”形布置,采用焊接整体节点。桥面板采用钢-混组合桥面板。斜拉索采用环氧喷涂钢绞线体系,疲劳应力幅280 MPa,斜拉索在主桁上采用锚拉板锚固方式,在桥塔上采用钢锚梁锚固方式。采用桥面全回转吊机进行主桁、横桁单元件安装;钢-混组合桥面板滞后主梁2个节段施工。

钢-混凝土-钢组合板爆炸冲击响应分析

基于钢-混凝土-钢(SCS)组合板爆炸试验,采用LS-DYNA显示动力分析程序对其抗爆性能进行数值模拟。通过与试验的对比验证了模型的可靠性,采用该模型分析了比例距离、混凝土厚长比、钢板厚度以及混凝土强度变化对SCS板动态响应的影响。结果表明,该有限元模型能够有效模拟SCS板在爆炸荷载下的动态响应过程;随着比例距离的减小,SCS板跨中位移逐渐增大,并由弹性变形转变为塑性变形;增加混凝土厚长比和钢板厚度能够有效降低SCS板跨中位移,而混凝土强度变化不会对SCS板抗爆性能产生显著影响。