Effect of weld on design of steel moment-resisting connection reinforced with steel plates

The foreign experimental and FEM research of steel moment-resisting connection reinforced with steel plates are introduced. The effect of weld on the connection design is studied in two ways including weld detail and geometrical detail of steel plates contrast to the reference drawing of connection design in China. The research shows that the weld plays an important role in the design of connections. The welds connecting reinforced plates and beam/column flange and the plate geometry have direct influence on the performance of the connections reinforced with plates. The study is helpful to the application of design of steel moment-resisting connection with steel plates.

Three-Dimensional Thermo-Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Method Modeling for Predicting Weld-Induced Residual Stresses and Distortions in Steel Stiffened-Plate Structures

The objective of the present paper is to develop nonlinear finite element method models for predicting the weld-induced initial deflection and residual stress of plating in steel stiffened-plate structures. For this purpose, three-dimensional thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method computations are performed with varying plate thickness and weld bead length (leg length) in welded plate panels, the latter being associated with weld heat input. The finite element models are verified by a comparison with experimental database which was obtained by the authors in separate studies with full scale measurements. It is concluded that the nonlinear finite element method models developed in the present paper are very accurate in terms of predicting the weld-induced initial imperfections of steel stiffened plate structures. Details of the numerical computations together with test database are documented.

Overview of stainless-steel clad-plate welding

Types of bimetal clad plate, manufacturing methods, and their fields of application were summarized. In particular,key aspects of the welding of clad-rolled stainless steel were described, including the weldability of the base and clad metals, design criteria for the transition layer, the selection of the type of welding process and consumables used, types of blanking and welding bevels, preparation and assembly prior to welding, welding procedure requirements, post-weld cleaning and heat treatment, and welding quality inspection. This paper will serve as a reference for the welding technology used in future consumer applications in related fields.

Formation mechanism of transverse crack in repair welding for thick plate of Q345 high strength steel

Transverse cracks occur usually in repair welding for thick plate of high strength steel. It needs multiple times of repair welding. The quality of production and deliver deadline will be influenced. Therefore, it is very significant to investigate the cause and control of transverse crack in repair welding. In this paper, both ends restraint crack experiment is developed to produce delay transverse crack for high strength steel. Metallographic results show that four types of cracks are found in repair welding metal zone and heat affected zone. Large chevron transverse cracks are found in repair welding zone. Lots of micro transverse cracks are found in inter-layer repair welding metal zone, root HAZ and two ends of repair welding individually. The distribution character and formation mechanism of the transverse crack are further analyzed through hardness testing and residual stress measurement.

Gas metal arc welding of duplex stainless clad steel plates

The 2205 duplex stainless ＋ DH36 clad steel plate was welded by gas metal arc welding（GMAW）, and the welding performance of the clad steel plate was investigated. The results show that the adaptability of the welding procedure for the base metal of carbon steel, the transition layer, and the cladding material is excellent. The test results indicate that the phase proportion and component dilution of the GMAW-welded joints of clad steel plate can be effectively controlled to yield joints with good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

Distribution of Welding Residual Stress of Mixed Steel U-Rib-Stiffened Plates

To analyze the effects of width and thickness of each composition element of mixed steel U-rib-stiffened plates on the welding residual stress distribution, the distribution of the U-rib and the plate residual stress was calculated using a simplified calculation method. The method involved welding the mixed steel U-rib-stiffened plates for a structure with different sizes and different strength ratios of U-rib to plate. Based on a welding residual stress numerical simulation method validated by the blind hole method test, the distribution law of the mixed steel U-rib stiffened plate was studied. The results showed that the change of plate width has little impact on the welding residual stress and that the ratio of the thicknesses of the plate to U-rib stiffeners, the thickness of the plate, and the thickness of the U-rib has a great influence on the distribution of the welding residual stress. The thickness of plate and steel strength also greatly influenced the distribution width of the residual tensile stress. While analyzing the compression capacity of U-rib-stiffened plates, the simplified distribution of welding residual stress was used.

Laboratory development of high performance steel plates with excellent HAZ toughness at large heat inputs

Presented in this study is the result of steel plates developed at laboratory by using the technique of chemistry design based on microstructure evolution.It has been shown that the produced 50mm thickness steel plates with yield and tensile strength being 420 MPa and 530 MPa respectively exhibit excellent large heat input weldability:the Charpy impact tests in the whole range of heat affected zone(HAZ) including the fusion line at the welded joint with large heat input of 100 -300 kJ/cm showed uniform impact toughness of above 140 J at -40℃.Welding simulations were also performed for heat inputs of 200-600 kJ/cm,which showed far better toughness at -20℃.Analysis on the results of the simulations and the practical welding tests were done and the microstructure evolution mechanisms were proposed.Finally suggestions were given to improve the simulation processes as well as chemistry modification.

Progress in the technological development of oxide metallurgy for manufacturing steel plates with excellent HAZ toughness

In the present study, the market needs for the （HAZ） toughness are analyzed, and the mechanism of the development of steel plates with excellent heat affected zone decrease in the HAZ toughness during high-heat input welding is discussed.The important countermeasure for improving the HAZ toughness is to employ the technology of oxide metallurgy ,namely,to make use of fine inclusion particles for improving the microstructure of HAZ. The progress and theories of oxide metallurgy technologies developed in the Nippon Steel Corporation （ NSC）, the JFE Steel Corporation and the Kobe Steel Group are illustrated. Steel plates developed by these three companies with excellent HAZ toughness are introduced.

Performance analysis of the SAW joint of duplex stainless steel clad plate

Duplex stainless steel clad plate exhibits good performance and is relatively inexpensive,however,some difficulties must be overcome when welding different materials. In this study,submerged arc welding（ SAW） was used to weld Baosteel ship clad plates（ 2205 ＋ DH36）,and the performance of the welded joints was tested. The results indicate that the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance of the welded joints meet the required specifications. The distribution of the main anti-corrosive elements and the phase ratio of the welded joint are analyzed,thereby indicating excellent uniformity and confirming that the welded joint is corrosion resistant.

Development of SA-533 Type B CL. 1+SA-240 Type 304L roll-bonded clad steel plate for safety injection tank of CAP1400 nuclear power plant

Aiming to meet the demand of the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project on the CAP1400 nuclear power plant, Baosteel uses the roll-bonding technology and develops the SA-533 Type B CL. 1 ＋ SA-240 Type 304L high-strength and high-toughness clad steel plate with a shear strength of over 310 MPa for the nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank. The properties of the quenched and tempered and the simulated post-weld heat treatment states are systematically studied herein through a comprehensive inspection and evaluation of the composition,microstructure,and properties of the clad steel plate. The results show that the bonding interface has high shear strength and that the base metal has high strength and good toughness at low temperatures. Hence, the performance fully meets the technical requirements of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank in the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project. The roll-bonded clad steel plate can be used to manufacture the safety injection tank of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant.

铸钢-钢板焊接索夹受力性能研究

对上海浦东足球场轮辐式张拉屋盖体系中的铸钢-钢板焊接索夹受力性能进行了研究,介绍了屋盖结构体系的特点和索夹的组成。开展了3个不同几何尺寸的足尺索夹承载力试验,研究了在径向索分别达到设计内力、最大设计张力和破断力工况时的索夹性能、最终破坏特征,试验结果表明索夹的承载力能达到设计要求。对试验的索夹进行了有限元数值分析,有限元模型的适用性得到了试验结果的验证,并清晰地观察到整个索夹的应力分布状况。对索夹的构造设计、加工等提出了建议。

基于三圆轨迹规划的MARKⅢ型LNG薄膜舱波纹板机器人焊接

MARKⅢ型LNG薄膜舱波纹板的焊接质量是LNG船建造成功与否的关键之一。为了实现MARKⅢ型LNG薄膜舱1.2mm厚304L不锈钢波纹板的机器人焊接,研究了基于“三圆”连接构思的波纹板机器人焊接的轨迹规划模型,通过模型计算了沿波纹板轨迹焊接过程中的焊枪位置和焊枪姿态坐标,并对模型和计算的结果进行了仿真验证;在此基础上,进行了不锈钢波纹板机器人搭接焊的脉冲等离子弧焊的工艺优化研究。结果表明:本文建立的波纹板机器人焊接的“三圆”轨迹规划模型以及基于该模型计算的焊枪位姿坐标准确;基于模型和计算,结合优化后的脉冲等离子弧焊工艺参数,实现了焊缝成形良好的MARKⅢ型LNG薄膜舱1.2mm厚304L不锈钢波纹板搭接的机器人焊接,焊缝成形达到了法国GTT公司标准文件中提供的成形尺寸标准。

Laser Beam Welding of 600 MPa Quenched and Tempered High-Strength Steel

Conventional fusion arc welding of high-strength quenched and tempered steel can be improved through the use of non-conventional laser beam welding. This article presents the investigations of autogenous bead on plate and butt CO2 Laser Welding (LW) of 7 mm thick high-strength quenched and tempered low alloy SM570 (JIS) steel plates. The influence of laser welding parameters, mainly welding speed, defocusing distance and shielding gas flow rate on the weld profile, i.e., weld zone penetration depth and width, microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints was determined. All welded joints showed smooth and uniform weld beads free from superficial porosity and undercuts. The selected best welding conditions were a laser power of 5.0 kW, welding speed of 500 mm/min, argon gas shielding flow rate of 30 L/min and a defocusing distance of -0.5 mm. It was observed that these conditions gave complete penetration and minimized the width of the weld bead. The microstructure of the welded joints was evaluated by light optical microscopy. The weld metal (WM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) near weld metal achieved maximum hardness (355 HV). The tensile fractured samples showed the ductile mode of failure and ultimate tensile strength of 580 MPa.

FCAW焊接修复对AH36/2205不锈钢复合板接头性能的影响

由于减少了贵重合金元素的使用,AH36/2205不锈钢金属复合板在应用中有着巨大的经济效益。复层和基层金属间的物理、化学性质存在差异,焊接质量不稳定,因此焊接修复不可避免。为了研究焊接修复对于焊接接头性能的影响,针对14 mm+2 mm的AH36/2205不锈钢金属复合板,采用药芯焊丝气体保护焊(FCAW)进行1~3次焊接修复模拟试验。结果表明:AH36/2205不锈钢金属复合板不适合采用FCAW进行焊接修复,1次修复试板的点蚀率达到了167.7 mdd。随着修复次数的增加,不锈钢复合板接头的力学性能及耐晶间腐蚀性能良好,而点蚀率增加,接头的耐点蚀性能下降。

镀钴对铝/钢电磁脉冲焊接头性能的影响

在Q235钢板待焊面的表面电镀一层钴金属薄膜,再采用电磁脉冲焊接(MPW)技术对1060铝板/Q235钢板进行焊接,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察、能谱分析(EDS)、显微硬度测试及拉伸性能分析等手段对其焊接接头界面形貌、微观组织及力学性能进行了研究,并与Al/无镀层钢接头进行了对比。结果表明,铝/无镀层钢电磁脉冲焊接焊缝由中间未焊接区及两侧连接区组成,具有直缝、小波及大波形界面形貌,波形界面的过渡区宽度约为6μm,过渡区存在FeAl_(3)脆性金属间化合物,拉剪强度为122.22 MPa。镀钴钢/铝焊接界面的材料成形良好,形成明显的大波形连接界面,过渡区宽度约为8μm,镀层钴元素有效阻碍了铁元素向过渡区扩散,避免了铝铁金属间化合物的生成,增大了波形界面,有效提高了接头的力学性能,拉剪强度为137.78 MPa,提高了12.7%。

低碳钢板材焊接变形控制方法综述

钢板材焊接变形控制是一个重要的研究领域,因为焊接过程中会产生热量,导致钢板发生变形,影响焊接质量和结构的稳定性。研究如何有效地控制焊接变形,提高焊接质量和结构的可靠性具有重要意义。针对低碳钢板材焊接变形问题进行研究,分析了热影响、材料性质差异和外力作用等原因对焊接变形的影响,提出了一系列控制方法,包括预热和控温、焊接参数调整、夹具和支撑、松散约束以及后加工处理等。通过采取这些措施,可以有效地控制焊接变形,提高焊接质量和工件的使用性能,对低碳钢板材焊接工艺的优化和应用具有一定的参考价值。

既有网架受拉球节点托板加固技术试验研究

针对既有网架结构下弦受拉球节点加固问题,提出一种基于临杆焊接托板的加固方法。该方法综合考虑了受拉球节点与杆件的材质、空间结构以及尺度效应的影响,通过将球节点周围相邻杆件焊接托板进行加固,使得该方法便于施工,且能够普遍适用于各类受拉球节点的加固工程,并通过模型试验验证和仿真研究,焊接托板后的节点域承载能力大幅提升,加固效果良好,为既有网架受拉球节点加固提供了新思路。

460 MPa级高强韧海工钢板的焊接工艺研究

对460 MPa级高强韧海工钢板进行埋弧焊、垂直气电立焊试验。结果表明,460 MPa级高强韧海工钢在热输入为50、80和200 kJ/cm的条件下焊接,焊接接头的拉伸性能和冲击性能良好,满足船级社要求,说明该钢焊接性良好,适合大热输入焊接。

点环激光超窄间隙焊与电弧焊高强钢厚板组织性能对比研究

为消除激光超窄间隙焊易产生的侧壁熔合缺陷,开发了点环激光填丝焊工艺,利用中心点激光对焊丝加热,利用环激光对窄间隙坡口加热,完成30 mm厚10CrNi3MoV低合金高强钢的焊接,并与传统电弧焊接头开展组织和性能对比分析。结果表明,激光超窄间隙填丝焊接头焊缝区由针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体与少量的马氏体组成,电弧焊接头由针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体组成。激光焊的快速冷却特点使其焊缝组织较弧焊更加细小。激光焊接头热影响区由较多的铁素体和粒状贝氏体组织和较少的M-A组元组成,有利于接头性能的提高。激光超窄间隙填丝焊接头抗拉强度与电弧焊接头近似相当,但激光超窄间隙填丝焊接头具有更好的冲击韧性。

既有网架受拉球节点托板加固技术试验研究

针对既有网架结构下弦受拉球节点加固问题,提出一种基于临杆焊接托板的加固方法。该方法综合考虑了受拉球节点与杆件的材质、空间结构以及尺度效应的影响,通过将球节点周围相邻杆件焊接托板进行加固,使得该方法便于施工,且能够普遍适用于各类受拉球节点的加固工程,并通过模型试验验证和仿真研究,焊接托板后的节点域承载能力大幅提升,加固效果良好,为既有网架受拉球节点加固提供了新思路。