IFC-based integration tool for supporting information exchange from architectural model to structural model

With the purpose of enhancing effective collaboration between architects and structural engineers in the building design field, an integration tool was developed for supporting information exchange from architectural model to structural model. The PKPM （Bopomofo acronym, a Chinese building design software） structural model and an industry foundation classes （IFC） data model were adopted and analyzed to design the framework of the integration tool. The technique of mixed program languages （C＋＋ and FORTRAN） was applied to developing the tool software, and the connectivity relationships and intersection nodes between the structural elements were optimized and simplified. A case study was implemented to illustrate the method to use the integration tool for information exchange from IFC-format architectural model to PKPM structural model. The results show that the tool can extract the information of architectural model and form a corresponding structural model. The presented method can help to enhance the modeline efficiency at the structural design phase.

砖木结构古建筑火灾风险影响因子评估研究

提出模糊DEMATEL-ISM的方法,在建立古建筑火灾评价指标体系的基础上,对归属于4大类风险因素的25个潜在风险因子进行关联性分析,得出因子的因果属性及因子间的逻辑层次结构关系,从而对古建筑火灾风险进行评估。利用模糊DEMATEL-ISM法对华阴市西岳庙灏灵殿进行实例分析,结果表明:疏散与扑救条件、电器设备隐患的原因度较大,需要对其予以控制;耐火等级、火灾荷载的结果度大,为事故发生的主要原因;疏散与扑救条件、易燃易爆危险品、电器设备隐患、安全责任制、灭火应急预案和演练为古建筑火灾事故的关键风险因子,可为古建筑火灾风险管控工作提供相应参考。

大跨度木结构蒙古包的设计与工程实践

在我国“双碳”目标的实现和新时代中国民族建筑复兴的背景下,木结构建筑市场再次兴起。在原民族建筑文化内涵的基础上对结构进行创新,以满足现代市场的需求已成为新的研究方向。本文针对希拉穆仁草原景区设计了一座大跨度蒙古包,在不改变建筑材料的基础上,采用木网壳结构体系对传统建筑结构进行创新与优化,其最大跨度为23.5 m,最大高度为11.5 m,且整体结构稳定。在此基础上,利用有限元软件进行建模,对可能出现的各种工况进行静力计算和屈曲分析,验证了该结构的可靠性。本研究对我国大跨度木结构的发展和传统木结构建筑的创新具有重要的借鉴意义。

基于准自然实验方法的城市绿道暴露与居民心理健康的因果机制研究

【目的】城市绿色空间是影响居民心理健康的重要因素,城市绿道建设已被认为是有效的绿色空间干预措施之一,探究城市绿道与居民心理健康的因果机制,对于优化绿色空间规划布局、提升居民心理健康水平具有重要的理论意义。【方法】运用准自然实验方法,以体力活动变化量、生理健康变化量、情绪状况变化量为中介变量构建结构方程模型,分析城市绿道暴露与居民心理健康水平变化的因果机制。【结果】1)绿道暴露可直接显著影响居民心理健康水平,也可通过身体健康得分变化量、身体质量指数(BMI)变化量两个中介变量间接影响心理健康水平。2)绿道暴露仅能直接影响女性群体的心理健康得分变化量;并通过BMI变化量间接作用于女性心理健康,通过中高强度体力活动时间变化量和身体健康得分变化量作用于男性心理健康。【结论】揭示了绿道暴露与居民心理健康水平变化的多路径因果机制以及男性和女性群体中存在作用路径和中介变量的差异。未来可通过优化绿道可达性、差异化配套绿道公共服务设施等健康导向的绿道规划措施,促进居民心理健康水平的提升。

改进的语义分割模型及其应用

训练语义分割网络模型需要较为繁琐的人工标注作为训练标签,同时语义分割模型在构建和运行过程中也存在超参数较难确定以及模型过于庞大等问题。为解决这类问题,提出了一种基于标注框生成热点图的标签生成方法,简化了语义分割训练标签的人工标注过程。以及在可微分神经网络结构搜索方法的基础上提出了一种对硬件要求更低的神经网络结构搜索方法,并基于此种方法改进了特征金字塔结构,构建了一个改进的语义分割模型,并在安全帽与口罩检测数据集上进行了试验。与U-Net、FPN等模型比较,新的模型在参数量、计算速度以及精确度上都更有优势。

Foundations of Programmable Process Structures for the unified modeling and simulation of agricultural and aquacultural systems

This research paper defines the theoretical foundations and computational implementation of a non-conventional modeling and simulation methodology,inspired by the needs of problem solving for biological,agricultural,aquacultural and environmental systems.The challenging practical problem is to develop a framework for automatic generation of causally right and balance-based,unified models that can also be applied for the effective coupling amongst the various(sophisticated field-specific,sensor data processing-based,upper level optimization-driven,etc.)models.The scientific problem addressed in this innovation is to develop Programmable Process Structures(PPS)by combining functional basis of systems theory,structural approach of net theory and computational principles of agent based modeling.PPS offers a novel framework for the automatic generation of easily extensible and connectible,unified models for the underlying complex systems.PPS models can be generated from one state and one transition meta-prototypes and from the transition oriented description of process structure.The models consist of unified state and transition elements.The local program containing prototype elements,derived also from the meta-prototypes,are responsible for the case-specific calculations.The integrity and consistency of PPS architecture are based on the meta-prototypes,prepared to distinguish between the conservation-laws-based measures and the signals.The simulation is based on data flows amongst the state and transition elements,as well as on the unification based data transfer between these elements and their calculating prototypes.This architecture and its AI language-based(Prolog)implementation support the integration of various field-and task-specific models,conveniently.The better understanding is helped by a simple example.The capabilities of the recently consolidated general methodology are discussed on the basis of some preliminary applications,focusing on the recently studied agricultural and aquacultural cases.

基于BIM的飞云楼结构古建筑遗产保护模型研究

飞云楼是一项具有深厚历史文化的古建筑遗产,其结构完整性的维护对文化传承至关重要。研究采用BIM技术监测和分析其结构健康状况,为古建筑的保护与维护提供新的方法。分析结果表明,监测桁架的日均变化率高达19.173%,异常监测值达到-43.16,榫卯连接处与地基的日均变化率分别为-15.902%与-20.041%,但异常监测值分别为-46.24与-23.08。对于梁与柱子,异常日均变化率分别为-1.792%与3.594%,梁的异常监测值为17.33,柱子为-51.09。屋顶的异常日均监测值为-62.73,是所有监测部位中最高的,表明屋顶承受的应力或损伤程度可能最为严重。由此可见,该模型为飞云楼的结构性问题提供了预警,指出维护和监控的重点区域,为制定针对性的维修策略提供了依据,同时为其他古建筑的结构健康监测提供了可行的参考。

铁路客站钢结构雨棚智能运维系统应用

针对铁路房建设备巡检周期长、结果缺乏时效性等缺点,本文提出了一种指导房建设备管理人员日常运维的铁路客站钢结构雨棚监测系统,通过对环境风、温度、应力、振动加速度、列车风压等进行监测,实现钢结构雨棚状态实时展示和分级报警,同时可以分析列车风对钢结构雨棚的影响。系统架构包含感知层、传输层、数据层和应用层。分析实测数据表明:环境风对结构的影响受周边遮挡与建筑布局有关。结构所受日温呈昼高夜低的变化趋势,结构表面温度与环境温度相比存在时滞性,年温度变化呈夏高冬低的变化趋势。钢结构应力变化与以日为周期的温度变化关联性较强,但应力与温度不完全是线性关系,实测应力变化与仿真模拟有差距。钢桁架振动受列车风影响较大,最大风压达130 Pa;檩条跨中竖向振动加速度受檩条与钢桁架连接节点以及钢桁架竖向振动的影响。

建筑美学理论下近代广东侨乡民居研究——以《近代广东侨乡民居文化比较》为例

以建筑美学理论的地域文化性格特征对近代广东侨乡民居文化进行总体剖析和分类详述。广东侨乡民居划分为广府、潮汕、客家三大文化区,借鉴多学科交叉的研究方法,深入解析侨汇经济、社会结构、人文品格三大建筑演变动因,系统性地探讨了近代广东侨乡民居在文化层面的特征和发展趋势,并深入对比分析三地文化区的民系差异,明晰了这些差异所引发的三地民居演变形式的独特现象与演进历程。充分把握建筑美学交叉学科特性,以多层次丰富的视角感知,为侨乡民居文化研究提供了重要的借鉴。

建筑钢结构设计中稳定性的设计方法研究

在现代建筑工程中,钢结构作为一种轻巧、强度高的结构形式,广泛应用于各类建筑,从居民楼到大型工业厂房。建筑钢结构在面对复杂荷载和变化环境时,其稳定性问题成为设计中的关键,直接关系到结构的安全性、可靠性以及整体性能。为了更好地解决建筑钢结构的稳定性问题,文章研究了框架结构、悬臂梁、钢柱、墙体与板以及复杂结构等典型构件的稳定性特性,通过探讨不同的分析方法和设计手段,旨在为设计师提供更全面、深入的稳定性设计指导。

钢结构建筑设计中抗震技术的最新发展与应用

现代建筑设计中,以高强度和良好塑性著称的钢结构,因其卓越的抗震性能,已然成为首选建筑材质。钢结构凭借其得天独厚的重量优势和布局的灵活性,在抗震设计方面可以更加便捷地依照规范进行优化。采用高强度螺栓连接和全渗透焊接等先进的结构连接技术,显著提升建筑物的抗震功能。低屈服点钢和高韧性钢这类高性能钢材,能为建筑物在地震中提供安全保障。高端钢材的革新与模块化建筑技术的突破,为抗震构造带来前所未有的新机遇,加速建筑业朝向绿色、可持续与生态友好的方向发展。

Effects of local neighbourhood diversity on crown structure and productivity of individual trees in mature mixed-species forests

Background:Species-specific genotypic features,local neighbourhood interactions and resource supply strongly influence the tree stature and growth rate.In mixed-species forests,diversity-mediated biomass allocation has been suggested to be a fundamental mechanism underlying the positive biodiversity-productivity relationships.Empirical evidence,however,is rare about the impact of local neighbourhood diversity on tree characteristics analysed at a very high level of detail.To address this issue we analysed these effects on the individual-tree crown architecture and tree productivity in a mature mixed forest in northern Germany.Methods:Our analysis considers multiple target tree species across a local neighbourhood species richness gradient ranging from 1 to 4.We applied terrestrial laser scanning to quantify a large number of individual mature trees(N=920)at very high accuracy.We evaluated two different neighbour inclusion approaches by analysing both a fixed radius selection procedure and a selection based on overlapping crowns.Results and conclusions:We show that local neighbourhood species diversity significantly increases crown dimension and wood volume of target trees.Moreover,we found a size-dependency of diversity effects on tree productivity(basal area and wood volume increment)with positive effects for large-sized trees(diameter at breast height(DBH)>40 cm)and negative effects for small-sized(DBH<40 cm)trees.In our analysis,the neighbour inclusion approach has a significant impact on the outcome.For scientific studies and the validation of growth models we recommend a neighbour selection by overlapping crowns,because this seems to be the relevant scale at which local neighbourhood interactions occur.Because local neighbourhood diversity promotes individual-tree productivity in mature European mixed-species forests,we conclude that a small-scale species mixture should be considered in management plans.

基于STRUCTURED网的AR模型谱估计方法

本文着重分析了文献[1]中提出的用于求解线性方程组的STRUCTURED同的结构及其所使用的学习算法,改进了STRUCTURED网的收敛性能,并基于STRUCTURED网提出了一种自回归(AR)模型建模方法。这种建模方法的基本思想是用STRUCTURED网求解Yule-Walker型矩阵方程来得到AR模型系数。与现有的其它确定AR模型系数的方法相比,本文方法的优点在于:采用并行处理结构,能直接用VLSI硬件直接实现;不包含常用除法运算,能求解病态Yule-Walker型矩阵方程。

Information： From Philosophic to Physics Concepts for Informational Modeling of Consciousness

Information was a frequently used concept in many fields of investigation. However, this concept is still not really understood, when it is referred for instance to consciousness and its informational structure. In this paper it is followed the concept of information from philosophical to physics perspective, showing especially how this concept could be extended to matter in general and to the living in particular, as a result of the intimate interaction between matter and information, the human body appearing as a bipolar informed-matter structure. It is detailed on this way how this concept could be referred to consciousness, and an informational modeling of consciousness as an informational system of the human body is presented. Based on the anatomic architecture of the organism and on the inference of the specific information concepts, it is shown that the informational system of the human body could be described by seven informational subsystems, which are reflected in consciousness as corresponding cognitive centers. These results are able to explain the main properties of consciousness, both the cognitive and extra-cognitive properties of the mind, like that observed during the near-death experiences and other similar phenomena. Moreover, the results of such a modeling are compared with the existing empirical concepts and models on the energetic architecture of the organism, showing their relevance for the understanding of consciousness.

Vadose Zone Heterogeneity Effect on Unsaturated Water Flow Modeling at Meso-Scale

The understanding of unsaturated flow in heterogeneous formations is a prerequisite to the understanding of pollutant transfer in the vadose zone and the proper management of infiltration basins settled over such heterogeneous formations. This study addresses the effect of lithological heterogeneity of a glaciofluvial deposit on flow in the vadose zone underneath an infiltration basin settled in the Lyon suburbs. The basin had already been the subject of several previous studies, some of which demonstrated the impact of soil heterogeneity. But all of them were only based on the sedimentological study of a trench and no study addressed the potential spatial variability of results due to the spatial variability of soil heterogeneity. In this study, we model flow in the vadose zone for several case studies, including drainage, water infiltration during a rainfall event, and a complete meteorological chronic. These calculations were conducted for several sections, previously characterized in the basin using GPR and sedimentological study and compared with a blank (homogeneous section). The results clearly show that heterogeneity impacts unsaturated flow and that these impacts depend upon the section considered. Some geometrical architectural and textural parameters were proposed to explain the spatial variability and effect of the soil heterogeneity on unsaturated flow, thus establishing the first step towards modeling unsaturated flow in the basin at the meso-scale.

苏式建筑与明式家具的关联性研究

通过文献资料的比较分析,对明代苏式建筑和明式家具展开关联性研究,按照建筑和家具的联系环节,分为创意关联、造型关联、构件连接。在此进一步总结其特征与影响:设计创意方面是对视觉形象和风格的概括;造型方面是局部形态的比较;构件连接是构造原理与方法的呈现。苏式建筑与明式家具基于中式木作技艺下,互为影响,互相成就,稳固了后者的历史性地位,对中式建筑与家具的再发展有一定的助推作用。

基于BIM的装配式建筑深化设计与应用分析

装配式建筑的深化设计涉及构件的生产、运输、安装等诸多步骤,是装配结构设计的重要组成部分。该文结合实际工程案例,采用装配式建筑深化设计方法合理解决装配式建筑的设计问题,保证设计图纸的准确性;对各类碰撞问题进行优化处理,确保现场施工的有序进行;进一步探究BIM技术所带来的标准化、信息化、智能化对未来建筑施工的影响,为实现绿色建筑的发展提供更好的理论铺垫。

基于结构方程模型的公园安全感提升策略研究——以北京松榆里公园为例

犯罪学研究表明城市绿色空间是存在犯罪风险的场所之一。公园作为城市重要绿色空间,是居民休闲游憩的主要场所;但其内部消极空间时常发生不安全事件,导致居民安全感不足、公园使用意愿下降,影响了居民日常生活。对此,以北京松榆里公园为例,结合环境设计预防犯罪(CPTED)理论,构建研究公园安全感影响机制的结构方程模型,在量表设计与实证调研基础上,量化分析公园安全感各影响要素的相互关系、影响路径和作用序列等。研究发现,公园安全感受“自然监控水平与景象维护”因素直接影响,受“活动支持”因素间接影响;CPTED理论框架下的其他潜在变量对公园安全感影响并不显著;各潜在变量之间存在影响关系,特别是“活动支持”对于“自然监控”有显著直接影响。据此,针对公园安全感的各关键性潜在变量,提出提升公园安全感的规划策略,以期为公园的规划建设或更新完善提供有益指导。

岭南建筑文化元素在箱包设计中的应用

在国潮文化兴起深受大众喜爱的大背景下,箱包设计国货产品与消费者日益增长的对产品个性化需求的矛盾日益凸显,皮革服饰创意创新设计成为主流趋势,产品的设计应顺应大众对独具特色的传统文化与潮流元素相结合的个性文化发展需求。据此,本文分析了岭南传统建筑的结构与造型,以及岭南传统建筑的装饰纹样,探究其背后的文化内涵与哲思。提炼独特的造型结构与文化元素应用在皮革服饰产品设计中,古为今用,不仅传承岭南文化,实现传统与现代潮流融合,而且推动箱包设计创新发展,提升文化自信。

乡村场所依恋心理模型研究——以云南省姚安县官屯为例

以云南省楚雄彝族自治州官屯社区为例,运用问卷调查法和村民访谈法等研究方法,从人、村庄和过程三个维度测量原住民对乡村的感知度,并探索乡村依恋与三要素的影响关系。结果显示:人、村庄和认知要素对乡村依恋产生正向直接影响;村庄要素对乡村依恋产生了直接负面影响,其中,儿童、中年、老年设施以及医疗和道路设施的负面影响最高;在过程维度的认知−情感−行为三要素中,认知对依恋产生直接影响,而情感和行为则产生间接影响。本文提出乡村场所依恋模型,阐明了乡村依恋的影响关系机制,旨在为改造乡村人居环境提供科学指导。