With the purpose of enhancing effective collaboration between architects and structural engineers in the building design field, an integration tool was developed for supporting information exchange from architectural ...With the purpose of enhancing effective collaboration between architects and structural engineers in the building design field, an integration tool was developed for supporting information exchange from architectural model to structural model. The PKPM (Bopomofo acronym, a Chinese building design software) structural model and an industry foundation classes (IFC) data model were adopted and analyzed to design the framework of the integration tool. The technique of mixed program languages (C++ and FORTRAN) was applied to developing the tool software, and the connectivity relationships and intersection nodes between the structural elements were optimized and simplified. A case study was implemented to illustrate the method to use the integration tool for information exchange from IFC-format architectural model to PKPM structural model. The results show that the tool can extract the information of architectural model and form a corresponding structural model. The presented method can help to enhance the modeline efficiency at the structural design phase.展开更多
This research paper defines the theoretical foundations and computational implementation of a non-conventional modeling and simulation methodology,inspired by the needs of problem solving for biological,agricultural,a...This research paper defines the theoretical foundations and computational implementation of a non-conventional modeling and simulation methodology,inspired by the needs of problem solving for biological,agricultural,aquacultural and environmental systems.The challenging practical problem is to develop a framework for automatic generation of causally right and balance-based,unified models that can also be applied for the effective coupling amongst the various(sophisticated field-specific,sensor data processing-based,upper level optimization-driven,etc.)models.The scientific problem addressed in this innovation is to develop Programmable Process Structures(PPS)by combining functional basis of systems theory,structural approach of net theory and computational principles of agent based modeling.PPS offers a novel framework for the automatic generation of easily extensible and connectible,unified models for the underlying complex systems.PPS models can be generated from one state and one transition meta-prototypes and from the transition oriented description of process structure.The models consist of unified state and transition elements.The local program containing prototype elements,derived also from the meta-prototypes,are responsible for the case-specific calculations.The integrity and consistency of PPS architecture are based on the meta-prototypes,prepared to distinguish between the conservation-laws-based measures and the signals.The simulation is based on data flows amongst the state and transition elements,as well as on the unification based data transfer between these elements and their calculating prototypes.This architecture and its AI language-based(Prolog)implementation support the integration of various field-and task-specific models,conveniently.The better understanding is helped by a simple example.The capabilities of the recently consolidated general methodology are discussed on the basis of some preliminary applications,focusing on the recently studied agricultural and aquacultural cases.展开更多
Background:Species-specific genotypic features,local neighbourhood interactions and resource supply strongly influence the tree stature and growth rate.In mixed-species forests,diversity-mediated biomass allocation ha...Background:Species-specific genotypic features,local neighbourhood interactions and resource supply strongly influence the tree stature and growth rate.In mixed-species forests,diversity-mediated biomass allocation has been suggested to be a fundamental mechanism underlying the positive biodiversity-productivity relationships.Empirical evidence,however,is rare about the impact of local neighbourhood diversity on tree characteristics analysed at a very high level of detail.To address this issue we analysed these effects on the individual-tree crown architecture and tree productivity in a mature mixed forest in northern Germany.Methods:Our analysis considers multiple target tree species across a local neighbourhood species richness gradient ranging from 1 to 4.We applied terrestrial laser scanning to quantify a large number of individual mature trees(N=920)at very high accuracy.We evaluated two different neighbour inclusion approaches by analysing both a fixed radius selection procedure and a selection based on overlapping crowns.Results and conclusions:We show that local neighbourhood species diversity significantly increases crown dimension and wood volume of target trees.Moreover,we found a size-dependency of diversity effects on tree productivity(basal area and wood volume increment)with positive effects for large-sized trees(diameter at breast height(DBH)>40 cm)and negative effects for small-sized(DBH<40 cm)trees.In our analysis,the neighbour inclusion approach has a significant impact on the outcome.For scientific studies and the validation of growth models we recommend a neighbour selection by overlapping crowns,because this seems to be the relevant scale at which local neighbourhood interactions occur.Because local neighbourhood diversity promotes individual-tree productivity in mature European mixed-species forests,we conclude that a small-scale species mixture should be considered in management plans.展开更多
Information was a frequently used concept in many fields of investigation. However, this concept is still not really understood, when it is referred for instance to consciousness and its informational structure. In th...Information was a frequently used concept in many fields of investigation. However, this concept is still not really understood, when it is referred for instance to consciousness and its informational structure. In this paper it is followed the concept of information from philosophical to physics perspective, showing especially how this concept could be extended to matter in general and to the living in particular, as a result of the intimate interaction between matter and information, the human body appearing as a bipolar informed-matter structure. It is detailed on this way how this concept could be referred to consciousness, and an informational modeling of consciousness as an informational system of the human body is presented. Based on the anatomic architecture of the organism and on the inference of the specific information concepts, it is shown that the informational system of the human body could be described by seven informational subsystems, which are reflected in consciousness as corresponding cognitive centers. These results are able to explain the main properties of consciousness, both the cognitive and extra-cognitive properties of the mind, like that observed during the near-death experiences and other similar phenomena. Moreover, the results of such a modeling are compared with the existing empirical concepts and models on the energetic architecture of the organism, showing their relevance for the understanding of consciousness.展开更多
The understanding of unsaturated flow in heterogeneous formations is a prerequisite to the understanding of pollutant transfer in the vadose zone and the proper management of infiltration basins settled over such hete...The understanding of unsaturated flow in heterogeneous formations is a prerequisite to the understanding of pollutant transfer in the vadose zone and the proper management of infiltration basins settled over such heterogeneous formations. This study addresses the effect of lithological heterogeneity of a glaciofluvial deposit on flow in the vadose zone underneath an infiltration basin settled in the Lyon suburbs. The basin had already been the subject of several previous studies, some of which demonstrated the impact of soil heterogeneity. But all of them were only based on the sedimentological study of a trench and no study addressed the potential spatial variability of results due to the spatial variability of soil heterogeneity. In this study, we model flow in the vadose zone for several case studies, including drainage, water infiltration during a rainfall event, and a complete meteorological chronic. These calculations were conducted for several sections, previously characterized in the basin using GPR and sedimentological study and compared with a blank (homogeneous section). The results clearly show that heterogeneity impacts unsaturated flow and that these impacts depend upon the section considered. Some geometrical architectural and textural parameters were proposed to explain the spatial variability and effect of the soil heterogeneity on unsaturated flow, thus establishing the first step towards modeling unsaturated flow in the basin at the meso-scale.展开更多
基金Project(2006BAJ01B01-01) supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period
文摘With the purpose of enhancing effective collaboration between architects and structural engineers in the building design field, an integration tool was developed for supporting information exchange from architectural model to structural model. The PKPM (Bopomofo acronym, a Chinese building design software) structural model and an industry foundation classes (IFC) data model were adopted and analyzed to design the framework of the integration tool. The technique of mixed program languages (C++ and FORTRAN) was applied to developing the tool software, and the connectivity relationships and intersection nodes between the structural elements were optimized and simplified. A case study was implemented to illustrate the method to use the integration tool for information exchange from IFC-format architectural model to PKPM structural model. The results show that the tool can extract the information of architectural model and form a corresponding structural model. The presented method can help to enhance the modeline efficiency at the structural design phase.
文摘This research paper defines the theoretical foundations and computational implementation of a non-conventional modeling and simulation methodology,inspired by the needs of problem solving for biological,agricultural,aquacultural and environmental systems.The challenging practical problem is to develop a framework for automatic generation of causally right and balance-based,unified models that can also be applied for the effective coupling amongst the various(sophisticated field-specific,sensor data processing-based,upper level optimization-driven,etc.)models.The scientific problem addressed in this innovation is to develop Programmable Process Structures(PPS)by combining functional basis of systems theory,structural approach of net theory and computational principles of agent based modeling.PPS offers a novel framework for the automatic generation of easily extensible and connectible,unified models for the underlying complex systems.PPS models can be generated from one state and one transition meta-prototypes and from the transition oriented description of process structure.The models consist of unified state and transition elements.The local program containing prototype elements,derived also from the meta-prototypes,are responsible for the case-specific calculations.The integrity and consistency of PPS architecture are based on the meta-prototypes,prepared to distinguish between the conservation-laws-based measures and the signals.The simulation is based on data flows amongst the state and transition elements,as well as on the unification based data transfer between these elements and their calculating prototypes.This architecture and its AI language-based(Prolog)implementation support the integration of various field-and task-specific models,conveniently.The better understanding is helped by a simple example.The capabilities of the recently consolidated general methodology are discussed on the basis of some preliminary applications,focusing on the recently studied agricultural and aquacultural cases.
基金LG was funded by the German Research Foundation(DFG 320926971)through the project“Analysis of diversity effects on above-groundproductivity in forests:advancing the mechanistic understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics in canopy space filling using mobile laser scanning”。
文摘Background:Species-specific genotypic features,local neighbourhood interactions and resource supply strongly influence the tree stature and growth rate.In mixed-species forests,diversity-mediated biomass allocation has been suggested to be a fundamental mechanism underlying the positive biodiversity-productivity relationships.Empirical evidence,however,is rare about the impact of local neighbourhood diversity on tree characteristics analysed at a very high level of detail.To address this issue we analysed these effects on the individual-tree crown architecture and tree productivity in a mature mixed forest in northern Germany.Methods:Our analysis considers multiple target tree species across a local neighbourhood species richness gradient ranging from 1 to 4.We applied terrestrial laser scanning to quantify a large number of individual mature trees(N=920)at very high accuracy.We evaluated two different neighbour inclusion approaches by analysing both a fixed radius selection procedure and a selection based on overlapping crowns.Results and conclusions:We show that local neighbourhood species diversity significantly increases crown dimension and wood volume of target trees.Moreover,we found a size-dependency of diversity effects on tree productivity(basal area and wood volume increment)with positive effects for large-sized trees(diameter at breast height(DBH)>40 cm)and negative effects for small-sized(DBH<40 cm)trees.In our analysis,the neighbour inclusion approach has a significant impact on the outcome.For scientific studies and the validation of growth models we recommend a neighbour selection by overlapping crowns,because this seems to be the relevant scale at which local neighbourhood interactions occur.Because local neighbourhood diversity promotes individual-tree productivity in mature European mixed-species forests,we conclude that a small-scale species mixture should be considered in management plans.
文摘Information was a frequently used concept in many fields of investigation. However, this concept is still not really understood, when it is referred for instance to consciousness and its informational structure. In this paper it is followed the concept of information from philosophical to physics perspective, showing especially how this concept could be extended to matter in general and to the living in particular, as a result of the intimate interaction between matter and information, the human body appearing as a bipolar informed-matter structure. It is detailed on this way how this concept could be referred to consciousness, and an informational modeling of consciousness as an informational system of the human body is presented. Based on the anatomic architecture of the organism and on the inference of the specific information concepts, it is shown that the informational system of the human body could be described by seven informational subsystems, which are reflected in consciousness as corresponding cognitive centers. These results are able to explain the main properties of consciousness, both the cognitive and extra-cognitive properties of the mind, like that observed during the near-death experiences and other similar phenomena. Moreover, the results of such a modeling are compared with the existing empirical concepts and models on the energetic architecture of the organism, showing their relevance for the understanding of consciousness.
文摘The understanding of unsaturated flow in heterogeneous formations is a prerequisite to the understanding of pollutant transfer in the vadose zone and the proper management of infiltration basins settled over such heterogeneous formations. This study addresses the effect of lithological heterogeneity of a glaciofluvial deposit on flow in the vadose zone underneath an infiltration basin settled in the Lyon suburbs. The basin had already been the subject of several previous studies, some of which demonstrated the impact of soil heterogeneity. But all of them were only based on the sedimentological study of a trench and no study addressed the potential spatial variability of results due to the spatial variability of soil heterogeneity. In this study, we model flow in the vadose zone for several case studies, including drainage, water infiltration during a rainfall event, and a complete meteorological chronic. These calculations were conducted for several sections, previously characterized in the basin using GPR and sedimentological study and compared with a blank (homogeneous section). The results clearly show that heterogeneity impacts unsaturated flow and that these impacts depend upon the section considered. Some geometrical architectural and textural parameters were proposed to explain the spatial variability and effect of the soil heterogeneity on unsaturated flow, thus establishing the first step towards modeling unsaturated flow in the basin at the meso-scale.