Experimental Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Columns

During the modernization or rehabilitation activity,the demolished structural waste causes large soil pollution and unavailability of natural aggregate is the big concern for the construction industry.Therefore,this manuscript deals with the Composite Steel Circular Column(CSCC)with Recycled Aggregate concrete(RAC)as infill is partly used,with the replacement of 25%and 50%in M30 grade of Concrete.And internal reinforcement steel is fully replaced by rolled steel tubes(circular and square)with varied thickness,ISA-unequal angle.Around 14 specimens are cast and examined under axial load for analysis of the deflection characteristics,the load-bearing capacity along with its buckling behavior.The experimental values are estimated through LVDT(linear variable differential transducer)at 3-phase.The curve of load-deflection is drawn with the load pattern.From the date interpretation,it is found column made of 50%-RAC has more than 25%-RAC.

Experimental research on mechanical properties of prestressed truss concrete composite beam encased with circular steel tube

Tests of 4 simply supported unbonded prestressed truss concrete composite beams encased with circular steel tube were carried out. It is found that the ratio of the stress increment of the unbonded tendon to that of the tensile steel tube is 0.252 during the using stage,and the average crack space of beams depends on the ratio of the sum of the bottom chord steel tube's outside diameter and the secondary bottom chord steel tube's section area to the effective tensile concrete area. The coefficient of uneven crack distribution is 1.68 and the formula for the calculation of crack width is established. Test results indicate that the ultimate stress increment of unbonded tendon in the beams decreases in linearity with the increase of the composite reinforcement index β0. The pure bending region of beams accords with the plane section assumption from loading to failure. The calculation formula of ultimate stress increment of the unbonded tendon and the method to calculate the bearing capacity of normal section of beams have been presented. Besides,the method to calculate the stiffness of this sort of beams is brought forward as well.

Axial Bearing Capacity of Short FRP Confined Concrete-filled Steel Tubular Columns

The bearing capacity of FRP confined concrete-filled steel tubular （FRP-CFST） columns under axial compression was investigated. This new type of composite column is a concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） confined with fiber-reinforced polymer （FRP） wraps. Totally 11 short column specimens were tested to failure under axial compression. The influences of the type and quantity of FRP, the thickness of steel tube and the concrete strength were studied. It was found that the bearing capacity of short FRP-CFST column was much higher than that of comparable CFST column. Furthermore, the formulas for calculating the bearing capacity of the FRP-CFST columns are proposed. The analytical calculated results agree well with the experimental results.

Behavior of slender steel concrete composite columns in eccentric loading

Ten slender steel reinforced cencrete （SRC） composite columns are tested under eccentric loading conditions. Effects of concrete strength, slenderness of columns and eccentricity of the axial load are studied. The load-carrying capacity is reduced with increased slenderness ratio and eccentricity. Concrete strength has no obvious influence on eccentrically loaded columns. Then, a nonlinear numerical method of pin-ended slender columns is also presented. This method is applicable for determining the material failure load or buckling failure load of a slender steel reinforced concrete composite column. In this method both material and geometric nonlinearities are taken into account. The results of numerical analysis accord well with the test results. The test results are also compared with the results predicted by ACI318-05 and the China Specifications.

Bearing capacity of composite columns reinforced by concrete filled steel tube

In this study, nine simplified short composite columns consisting of core CFST (concrete filled steel tube) of different diameters and outer reinforced concrete were constructed to study their compressive performance under axial or eccentric compression. The failure mode is characterized by the crush of the outer concrete. The bearing capacity increases at first and then decreases with further increase of the position coefficient. It can be concluded that position coefficient is an important structural parameter that has considerable influences on the ultimate bearing capacity of the composite columns. The outer concrete, steel tubes and longitudinal reinforcement are found to work in a cooperative manner under axial or eccentric compression when the position coefficient is about 0.5. An improved bearing capacity algorithm that takes the position coefficient into account has been proposed based on the experimental and simulation results and current technical specification in China. It has been proven to be precise and safe.

Evaluation of Current Design Practices on Estimation of Axial Capacity of Concrete Encased Steel Composite Stub Columns： A Review

This paper presents the design assessment of concrete encased I-sections composite column based approaches given in Eurocode, ACI Code, BS Code and AISC-LRFD. This study includes comparison of various design parameters and evaluation of design strength based on the procedures predicted in the various codes of practices. A practical example has been assumed and calculation has been shown to evaluate their potentiality in understanding in predicting the potentiality of various procedures. The obtained results based on the methods varies widely, because of the different design considerations adopted by the different codes. As such, they have hardly considered the effect of confinement of the concrete due to the presence of longitudinal reinforcements as well as lateral ties. The study has attempted to throw light on critical review and their potentiality in assessing the strength of such concrete encased composite column under purely axial loads.

Static behavior of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints with bolted partial-depth flush end plate:experimental study

A new type of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joint has been proposed in this paper.Five semi-rigid composite beam-to-column joint specimens subjected to hogging moments under monotonic loading were tested to study the static behavior of this new type of joint.The main variable parameters for the five joint specimens were the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the joint type.The experimental results designated that the magnitude of extension of the longitudinal reinforcement is the most important factor that influenced the moment-rotation characteristic of the new type of joint.The concrete slabs could resist 3.8%-19.1% of the total shear load applied to the cross-sections near the beam-to-column connection.The edge stiffened elements,such as the flange of the lipped I-section thin-walled steel beam,were capable of having considerable inelastic deformation capacity although they had comparatively large width-to-thickness ratios.The shear failure of the concrete cantilever edge strip must be taken into account in practical design because it has significant influence on the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement in the new type of external joints.

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Sea Sand Concrete Filled Stainless Steel Tube with Inner FRP Tube Subjected to Axial Compression

Since fibre-reinforced polymer(FRP) and stainless steel(SS) offer advantages of corrosion resistance and hybrid confinement, this study proposed a new type of composite column: sea sand concrete(SSC)-filled SS tubular columns with an inner FRP tube(CFSTFs) to help exploit abundant ocean resources in marine engineering. To study compressive behaviours of these novel members, eight CFSTFs and two SSC-filled SS tubular columns(CFSTs)were tested under axial compression. Their axial load-displacement curves, axial load-strain curves in SS or FRP tubes were obtained, and influences of key test parameters(the existence of glass FRP(GFRP) tubes, steel tube shapes, and GFRP tube thicknesses and diameters) were discussed. Further, specimen failure mechanism was analyzed employing the finite element method using ABAQUS software. Test results confirmed the excellent ductility and load-bearing capacity of CFSTFs. The existence of GFRP tubes inside can postpone SS tube buckling, and the content of inner FRP tubes, particularly increasing diameters, was found to improve compressive behaviours. GFRP contents helped develop the second elastic-plastic stage of the load-displacement curves. Furthermore, the bearing capacity of CFSTFs with a circular cross-section was approximately 26% higher than that with a square cross-section, and this difference narrowed with the increase in GFRP ratios.

Analysis and seismic tests of composite shear walls with CFST columns and steel plate deep beams

A composite shear wall concept based on concrete filled steel tube （CFST） columns and steel plate （SP） deep beams is proposed and examined in this study. The new wall is composed of three different energy dissipation elements： CFST columns; SP deep beams; and reinforced concrete （RC） strips. The RC strips are intended to allow the core structural elements - the CFST columns and SP deep beams - to work as a single structure to consume energy. Six specimens of different configurations were tested under cyclic loading. The resulting data are analyzed herein. In addition, numerical simulations of the stress and damage processes for each specimen were carried out, and simulations were completed for a range of location and span-height ratio variations for the SP beams. The simulations show good agreement with the test results. The core structure exhibits a ductile yielding mechanism characteristic of strong column-weak beam structures, hysteretic curves are plump and the composite shear wall exhibits several seismic defense lines. The deformation of the shear wall specimens with encased CFST column and SP deep beam design appears to be closer to that of entire shear walls. Establishing optimal design parameters for the configuration of SP deep beams is pivotal to the best seismic behavior of the wall. The new composite shear wall is therefore suitable for use in the seismic design of building structures.

Achievements of Truss Models for Reinforced Concrete Structures

Achievements are presented for truss models of RC structures developed in previous years: 1. Two constitutive models, biaxial and triaxial, are based on regular trusses, with bars obeying nonlinear uniaxial σ-ε laws of material under simulation;both models have been compared with test results and show a dependence of Poisson ratio on curvature of σ-ε law. 2. A truss finite element has been used in the nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of plane RC frames;it has been compared with test results and describes, in a simple way, the formation of plastic hinges. 3. Thanks to the very simple geometry of a truss, the equilibrium equations can be easily written and the stiffness matrix can be easily updated, both with respect to the deformed truss, within each step of a static incremental loading or within each time step of a dynamic analysis, so that to take into account geometric nonlinearities. So the confinement of a RC column is interpreted as a structural stability effect of concrete. And a significant role of the transverse reinforcement is revealed, that of preventing, by its close spacing and sufficient amount, the buckling of inner longitudinal concrete struts, which would lead to a global instability of the RC column. 4. The proposed truss model is statically indeterminate, so it exhibits some features, which are not met by the “strut-and-tie” model.

部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁柱节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究不同连接构造的部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁柱节点(PEC梁柱节点)的抗震性能,对2个PEC梁柱节点试件进行了拟静力加载试验,研究了低周往复荷载作用下PEC梁柱节点试件的破坏现象、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性、耗能能力和刚度退化等抗震性能。结果表明:强轴连接PEC梁柱节点的滞回曲线呈梭形和弓形,在达到极限承载力后仍能保持一定的延性和耗能能力;弱轴连接PEC梁柱节点牛腿与梁间的焊缝处发生破坏,未展现出预期的耗能能力,PEC梁仍在弹塑性状态,没有达到极限状态;PEC梁柱节点核心区混凝土替换为加劲肋板后,试件仍具有较好的承载力、延性和耗能能力,刚度退化规律无明显变化,且强轴连接节点与弱轴连接节点刚度变化规律基本一致;PEC柱牛腿设计过短会导致焊缝连接处断裂,试件延性和耗能能力得不到发挥,剩余刚度较大。

马鞍山长江公铁大桥Z3号桥塔施工关键技术

巢马城际铁路马鞍山长江公铁大桥主航道桥为(112+392+2×1120+392+112)m三塔钢桁梁斜拉桥,Z3号桥塔为超高多肢钢-混组合塔,高308 m。上塔柱钢结构高87.5 m,分13个吊装节段,最重505 t;中、下塔柱混凝土结构高217.5 m,分38个节段液压爬模施工;钢-混结合段高3 m,内部采用PBL键+剪力钉+高强度钢锚杆+高强度混凝土结构形式。在中塔柱设置钢管临时横撑控制塔柱线形及应力;下横梁采用落地支架法分层施工,与对应塔柱同步浇筑;钢-混结合段混凝土采用C60细石补偿收缩混凝土+高强度灌浆料,保证了混凝土施工质量;采用工厂“2+1”立体匹配制造、“提升站+运输栈桥”钢塔节段转运等技术,并研制15000 t•m超大型塔吊,实现了钢塔柱大节段的制造、整体滩地运输和吊装;钢塔节段间采用栓焊组合连接形式,通过设置工艺隔板、双面坡口等措施控制了钢塔焊接变形;利用定位桁架临时锁定钢塔合龙段实现了钢塔的精确合龙,定位桁架受力及变形均满足要求。

圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱滞回性能非线性有限元分析

基于圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱低周反复荷载试验研究,采用OpenSees软件对该组合柱进行了滞回性能数值分析,获取了组合柱的滞回曲线及抗震性能指标,并与试验结果进行了比较,验证了组合柱数值模型的合理性。在此基础上,对组合柱的滞回性能开展了参数影响分析。结果表明:再生骨料取代率从0增大到100%,组合柱的峰值荷载下降了7.78%,延性略有降低;提高再生混凝土强度、型钢强度及圆钢管强度,对于提升组合柱的承载力及刚度是有利的,但却使组合柱的脆性增大;随着轴压比的增大,组合柱的承载力呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而延性逐渐变差;型钢配钢率从5.54%增至9.99%,组合柱的峰值荷载提高了24.34%,但对于改善组合柱的延性不明显;增大钢管壁厚对组合柱的承载力和延性均是有利的。

内置工字型CFRP型材高强圆钢管高强混凝土轴压短柱组合效应分析

目的 研究内置工字型CFRP型材的高强圆钢管高强混凝土短柱在轴心压力作用下三种材料的组合效应。方法 采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对其进行数值模拟,通过相关试验验证模型的准确性,并对典型构件的破坏形态、受力全过程曲线进行分析,揭示构件各组成部分之间的相互作用和工作机理,评估CFRP配置率、钢材屈服强度、混凝土抗压强度、约束效应系数对组合效应的影响。结果 在高强圆钢管高强混凝土柱中内置CFRP型材,对构件的延性及安全裕度有显著提高,并改善了高强圆钢管对高强混凝土的约束,提高了构件的组合效应。结论 CFRP配置率控制在5.9%~8.4%,约束效应系数在1.2~1.4,钢材屈服强度不大于770 MPa时,构件中三种材料组合效应最佳。

大跨度公铁合建斜拉桥钢混板-桁组合梁关键节点空间受力特性

针对大跨度公铁合建斜拉桥—主跨808 m洪奇沥特大桥新型钢混板-桁组合梁的关键节点—辅助墩顶钢混节点,采用ANSYS软件建立钢桁-混凝土板组合梁部分节段细化的全桥多尺度有限元模型,分析边跨组合梁节点在受力最不利工况下的受力规律及传力特性,并讨论下弦杆等杆件截面等结构参数变化对节点受力、传力的影响规律。结果表明:最不利组合工况下,边跨组合梁辅助墩顶钢混节点处钢结构最不利Mises应力为265.9 MPa,混凝土局部最大名义拉应力为9.2 MPa,导致局部开裂而受力转移至钢结构;在辅助墩顶局部负弯矩影响下,内外节点板处应力总体呈“倒V”形分布,混凝土顶面及底面分别呈“鞍形”及“倒鞍”形分布;节点处下弦杆(含管内混凝土)、竖杆分别传递77.86%和40.15%荷载,为纵向、竖向主要传力构件;混凝土桥面厚度变化对自身应力影响明显,其厚度和下弦杆截面面积对纵向传力比影响大,竖杆截面面积对自身竖向传力影响相对明显;混凝土厚度及下弦杆、斜腹杆、竖杆截面为节点受力、传力的主要影响因素,其系数在0.8~1.1时,组合梁关键节点各构件应力及传力比均较为合理。

公铁合建斜拉桥钢桁-混凝土板组合梁受力特性

以某主跨808 m的公铁合建新型钢桁-混凝土板组合梁斜拉桥为背景,采用ANSYS软件建立局部组合梁细化的全桥多尺度有限元模型,分析其在不同工况下双层组合梁的受力传力特性和混凝土桥面板荷载分配比,并讨论混凝土桥面板厚度t_(b)、横梁刚度变化系数λ_(K)和钢与混凝土弹性模量比λ_(E)对组合梁受力传力的影响规律。结果表明:最不利组合工况下,钢桁架最不利Von Mises应力为183.6 MPa,混凝土桥面板最大拉应力为5.3 MPa,均满足结构受力要求;沿纵向路径,钢桁架和混凝土桥面应力在节间横梁间均呈“波形”分布;上下层混凝土桥面板顶、底面应力沿横向近似呈“W”和“M”状分布,表明桥面板承受一定沿横向不均匀分布弯矩;公路及铁路混凝土桥面最大剪力滞系数分别为1.45、1.36,更宽的公路混凝土桥面剪力滞效应更显著;公路及铁路混凝土桥面分别承担上、下层结构57.46%~79.99%和33.21%~62.81%的轴向荷载,为组合梁的主要传力构件;混凝土桥面板的应力随t_(b)及λ_(K)的增大而增大,随λ_(E)的增大而逐渐减小;混凝土桥面每层平均荷载分配比ξ与t_(b)成正比,与λ_(K)及λ_(E)成反比;当t_(b)、λ_(K)和λ_(E)参数的取值范围分别为0.8~1.4、0.4~1.6以及4~10时,组合梁混凝土桥面应力及荷载分配比ξ较为合理。

开槽侧板加强型连接梁柱节点子结构抗连续倒塌性能研究

为了优化侧板加强型节点的抗连续倒塌性能,提出了一种开槽侧板加强型梁柱连接节点形式。通过静力加载试验,得到了新型节点子结构的破坏模式、竖向抗力发展机制、应变分布、延性水平和动力承载力等。试验结果表明:钢梁翼缘在盖板附近首先开裂并向腹板外排螺栓中部延伸贯穿,导致竖向承载力快速下降为峰值荷载的20%左右。相比传统侧板加强型和圆弧扩盖板型梁柱节点,新型节点的峰值承载力分别提高了62.1%和19.6%,塑性弦转角分别提高了203.6%和25.8%。通过有限元分析得到了试件的断裂路径发展过程,进一步地通过参数化分析发现:扩大过焊孔构造对改善峰值后塑性弦转角及残余强度提升无明显作用;随着螺栓群远离钢梁翼缘起始断裂位置,最小残余强度比不断增大,但峰值后塑性弦转角呈先增大后减小的趋势;当螺栓群内移45mm时,峰值后塑性弦转角及最小残余强度比分别达到0.149rad和0.88,提高了38.2%和200.8%。

深江铁路洪奇沥公铁两用大桥主桥方案构思与总体设计

深江铁路洪奇沥公铁两用大桥主桥采用(3×100+808+3×100)m超短边跨钢-混组合混合梁斜拉桥,一跨跨越通航水域。该桥公铁分层布置,上层布置8车道城市快速路,下层布置4线铁路。主梁采用倒梯形双主桁截面,桥面布置紧凑、受力明确、经济性好。中跨主梁采用板桁-箱桁组合结构钢梁,桥面结构参与主桁受力,具有高效综合性能。边跨主梁采用矩形钢管混凝土叠合板-桁组合梁,融结构受力和锚固压重于一体,叠合板采用32 cm厚预制板+40 cm厚现浇层。钢-混结合段采用“钢格室+承压板”构造,钢-混结合面位于桥塔向中跨侧4.6 m。桥塔采用H形混凝土塔,基础采用35根直径4.0 m的大直径钻孔灌注桩。斜拉索采用标准抗拉强度2000 MPa的平行钢丝成品索,最大规格为PES(C)7-547。索梁锚固采用副桁弦杆节点兜底钢锚箱结构,传力可靠、抗疲劳性能好。索塔锚固创新地采用自平衡交叉混合锚固技术,以适应大规格斜拉索锚固。钢桁梁采用“纵向分段、横向分区”制造、运输、现场吊装的施工方案。

带有防火保护的圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱抗火性能分析与设计

抗火性能是圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱设计时的关键问题之一,尽管目前相关研究已逐渐完善,但带有防火保护条件下该类构件的抗火性能研究与设计仍不充分,已有的行业标准中构件高温稳定承载力公式未与常温公式相连续,且其中的防火保护层设计公式不具有明确的物理意义。基于ABAQUS软件,该文开展了带有防火保护圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱在ISO 834标准火灾作用下温度场和耐火极限的有限元分析,研究了荷载比、截面尺寸、长细比、防火保护层厚度等关键参数对构件耐火极限的影响规律,并提出了钢管温度、钢筋温度以及混凝土等效温度的简化计算公式。结果表明:随着防火保护层厚度的增大,构件的耐火极限近似线性增大。基于系统性参数分析,提出了带有防火保护圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱高温下截面承载力和稳定承载力设计公式,以用于确定构件达到不同耐火极限所需的防火保护层厚度,该方法保持了与现行标准中常温承载力计算公式的连续性。

方形耐候钢管混凝土短柱轴压力学性能研究

为研究方形耐候钢管混凝土短柱的轴压力学性能,首先设计并开展了4根轴压短柱试验研究。进而采用Abaqus有限元软件建立方形耐候钢管混凝土短柱有限元模型并进行数值分析。数值模拟结果表明,轴压短柱直至破坏共经历了3个阶段:弹性段、弹塑性段和破坏段。其破坏模式均为柱中局部屈曲。耐候钢拉伸性能试验特征与低碳钢的力学性能相近,有限元建模采用低碳钢本构关系可准确模拟方形耐候钢管混凝土短柱的轴压力学性能。钢管内焊接拉筋能有效改善钢管对核心混凝土的约束作用,进而提高轴压短柱的极限承载力和延性。最后,方形耐候钢管混凝土短柱轴压力学性能与普通钢管混凝土短柱无异。