Experimental and Numerical Studies on Sea Sand Concrete Filled Stainless Steel Tube with Inner FRP Tube Subjected to Axial Compression

Since fibre-reinforced polymer(FRP) and stainless steel(SS) offer advantages of corrosion resistance and hybrid confinement, this study proposed a new type of composite column: sea sand concrete(SSC)-filled SS tubular columns with an inner FRP tube(CFSTFs) to help exploit abundant ocean resources in marine engineering. To study compressive behaviours of these novel members, eight CFSTFs and two SSC-filled SS tubular columns(CFSTs)were tested under axial compression. Their axial load-displacement curves, axial load-strain curves in SS or FRP tubes were obtained, and influences of key test parameters(the existence of glass FRP(GFRP) tubes, steel tube shapes, and GFRP tube thicknesses and diameters) were discussed. Further, specimen failure mechanism was analyzed employing the finite element method using ABAQUS software. Test results confirmed the excellent ductility and load-bearing capacity of CFSTFs. The existence of GFRP tubes inside can postpone SS tube buckling, and the content of inner FRP tubes, particularly increasing diameters, was found to improve compressive behaviours. GFRP contents helped develop the second elastic-plastic stage of the load-displacement curves. Furthermore, the bearing capacity of CFSTFs with a circular cross-section was approximately 26% higher than that with a square cross-section, and this difference narrowed with the increase in GFRP ratios.

Axial Bearing Capacity of Short FRP Confined Concrete-filled Steel Tubular Columns

The bearing capacity of FRP confined concrete-filled steel tubular （FRP-CFST） columns under axial compression was investigated. This new type of composite column is a concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） confined with fiber-reinforced polymer （FRP） wraps. Totally 11 short column specimens were tested to failure under axial compression. The influences of the type and quantity of FRP, the thickness of steel tube and the concrete strength were studied. It was found that the bearing capacity of short FRP-CFST column was much higher than that of comparable CFST column. Furthermore, the formulas for calculating the bearing capacity of the FRP-CFST columns are proposed. The analytical calculated results agree well with the experimental results.

Ultimate flexural strength of normal section of FRP-confined RC circular columns

Numerical analysis is carried out to study the sectional properties of the fiber-reinforced polymer（FRP）-confined reinforced concrete（RC）circular columns. The axial load ratio, the FRP confinement ratio and the longitudinal reinforcement characteristic value are the three main parameters that can influence the neutral axis depth when concrete compression strain reaches an ultimate value. The formula for computing the central angle θ, corresponding to the compression zone, is established according to the data regression of the numerical analysis results. The numerical analysis results demonstrate that the concrete stress enhancement from transverse confinement and strain hardening of the longitudinal reinforcement can cause a much greater flexural strength than that defined by the design code. Based on the analytical studies and the test results of 36 large scale columns, the formula to calculate the flexural strength when columns fail under seismic loading is proposed, and the calculated results agree well with the test results. Finally, parametric studies are conducted on a typical column with different axial load ratios, longitudinal reinforcement characteristic value and FRP confinement ratios. Analysis of the results shows that the calculated flexural strength can be increased by 50% compared to that of unconfined columns defined by the code.

设有叠合柱的局部错层RC框架结构地震易损性分析

为研究某一设有叠合柱的局部错层钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)框架结构在近断层和远场地震作用下的破坏概率,自定义钢管混凝土叠合柱塑性铰参数,并与试验对比验证塑性铰参数的有效性。采用SAP2000建立非线性分析模型,选取近断层和远场地震波共22条,分别以地震峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration,PGA)和最大层间位移角作为地震动强度指标和结构性能指标,基于增量动力分析(incremental dynamic analysis,IDA)结果和点估计函数对错层框架结构进行易损性分析。结果表明:对于远场地震动,结构满足“三水准”抗震设防要求,在罕遇地震下超越防止倒塌极限状态的概率仅为0.24%;结构在近断层多遇地震下仍能满足“小震不坏”的设计要求,设防地震下结构超越修复后使用极限状态的概率为53.63%,发生中等破坏的概率较大,罕遇地震下结构达到倒塌极限状态的概率为5.37%,较远场地震作用破坏更为严重。研究结果可为错层框架结构的设计和地震风险评估提供参考。

功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构研究进展

钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁(RCS)混合框架结构以其结合了混凝土优异的抗压性能及钢材优异的抗弯性能而受到广泛关注,而可恢复功能结构以其震后快速恢复使用功能的能力,也成为地震工程界研究的新热点。功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构可以在弯矩较大的梁端和柱脚部位设置可更换构件,实现结构的功能可恢复能力。文中简述了近年来功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构研究进展,重点关注各类型功能可恢复钢梁、功能可恢复摇摆柱脚的构造研究,介绍了功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构性能分析研究进展。最后,对功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构仍需深入研究的问题进行了展望。

Achievements of Truss Models for Reinforced Concrete Structures

Achievements are presented for truss models of RC structures developed in previous years: 1. Two constitutive models, biaxial and triaxial, are based on regular trusses, with bars obeying nonlinear uniaxial σ-ε laws of material under simulation;both models have been compared with test results and show a dependence of Poisson ratio on curvature of σ-ε law. 2. A truss finite element has been used in the nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of plane RC frames;it has been compared with test results and describes, in a simple way, the formation of plastic hinges. 3. Thanks to the very simple geometry of a truss, the equilibrium equations can be easily written and the stiffness matrix can be easily updated, both with respect to the deformed truss, within each step of a static incremental loading or within each time step of a dynamic analysis, so that to take into account geometric nonlinearities. So the confinement of a RC column is interpreted as a structural stability effect of concrete. And a significant role of the transverse reinforcement is revealed, that of preventing, by its close spacing and sufficient amount, the buckling of inner longitudinal concrete struts, which would lead to a global instability of the RC column. 4. The proposed truss model is statically indeterminate, so it exhibits some features, which are not met by the “strut-and-tie” model.

真实非均匀受火边界下STRC柱的温度分布及材料性能退化分析

为揭示真实火灾边界下钢管约束钢筋混凝土(steel tubed reinforced concrete,STRC)柱的耐火性能,采用ABAQUS软件对考虑墙体影响的非均匀受火边界下方形STRC柱的温度场进行分析,获取了受火边界、墙体、柱截面尺寸、墙体导热系数和厚度等参数下受火柱的温度分布、钢材和混凝土的等效强度折减和弹性模量折减情况。结果表明:相较于无墙体受火边界,真实火灾边界下方形STRC柱的温度分布更不均匀,但等效强度折减系数总体上更高;非均匀受火柱的混凝土平均温度和钢管平均温度均低于四面受火柱,且受火面越少,构件整体温度越低,等效强度越高;构件整体温度和等效强度折减程度随柱截面尺寸、墙体厚度的增大和材料导热系数的减小而降低。

RCS刚接节点组合加固有限元模拟分析

为了研究经过预埋式外包钢板-增大截面加固后柱贯通型RCS节点的承载能力和受力机理,结合实际工程,通过有限元软件ABAQUS对钢箍板-增大截面加固体系进行模拟计算,分析了钢箍板-增大截面加固体系核心区在作为刚接节点与铰接节点两种工况的设计荷载作用下,各部分结构的应力分布、损伤情况和节点转角。计算结果表明,在两种设计工况的作用下,各部分结构均处于弹性阶段,距离屈服强度还有较大盈余,混凝土结构局部出现损伤。

内置非贯通型钢STRC柱压弯承载力计算研究

采用内置型钢短柱对钢管约束钢筋混凝土(STRC)柱节点进行增强。为明确该节点中内置非贯通型钢STRC柱的控制截面位置及压弯承载力,进行了内置不同长度型钢STRC柱及无型钢对比试件的拟静力试验及有限元模拟研究,分析了试件的受力机理及压弯承载力,探讨了型钢长度和钢管约束等因素的影响。研究结果表明:随着内置型钢长度增加,破坏截面有从型钢-混凝土过渡截面转移至柱根的趋势;增大钢管径厚比会削弱其抗弯贡献,从而减小过渡截面压弯承载力,影响破坏截面位置。基于试验及有限元分析结果,提出柱根及过渡截面压弯承载力计算模型,建立内置型钢临界长度的确定方法,研究结果为STRC柱的设计及节点中型钢的参数确定提供理论依据。

大径厚比下钢管RC柱抗震性能对比研究

配筋钢管混凝土(Reinforced concrete filled steel tube,RCFST)柱和钢管约束钢筋混凝土(Steel tube confined reinforced concrete,STRC)柱为钢管RC组合柱的2种主要形式,规范对各自径厚比给出了建议取值,但存在叠合区。为了探究叠合区大径厚比下2类柱的抗震性能及其适用性,以轴压比为主要影响因素,对2组试件开展低周反复加载试验。结果表明:各试件均发生压弯破坏,RCFST柱根处钢管形成环状鼓曲,STRC柱切缝处钢管未见鼓曲;相对于STRC柱,RCFST柱承载力较高,滞回曲线较饱满,耗能能力较强,但曲线下降较快,延性较差;增大轴压比时,RCFST柱承载力下降了5.5%,STRC柱承载力提高了33.8%且延性仍良好。采用数值计算方法扩充结构参数范围,进一步分析径厚比、钢管强度和配筋率对承载力、变形能力及N-M曲线影响。最后给出2类柱的建议适用范围。

Seismic behavior of thin-walled circular and stiffened square steel tubed-reinforced-concrete columns

Steel tubed-reinforced-concrete(TRC) columns have been gradually used in the construction of high-rise buildings recently because of their high axial load-carrying capacities and excellent seismic behavior. Existing studies about their seismic behavior were focused on columns with relatively thick tubes, i.e., diameter-to-thickness/width-to-thickness(D/t) ratios were below 100,while little is known about thin-walled TRC columns, especially for square TRC columns. Considering the infilled concrete of square TRC columns is non-uniformly and non-effectively confined, accordingly, stiffened square TRC columns are usually adopted in practice. Thus, two thin-walled circular TRC columns(D/t=120) and two stiffened square ones with diagonal stiffeners in plastic hinge regions(D/t=106) were tested under a constant axial compression combined with cyclic lateral loading.Both the circular and stiffened square TRC columns had the same cross sectional area, tube thickness, reinforcing bar ratio and column height. Flexural failure occurred for all the four specimens. Test results showed the strengths of the stiffened square TRC columns were a little higher in comparison to their circular counterparts; the ductility and energy dissipation capacities were excellent for both the stiffened and circular TRC columns, indicating very good confinement was gained from the yielded steel tubes of the plastic hinge regions at the peak loads. And shear stresses(35–90 MPa) in the sheared plates showed their moderate contribution of carrying lateral loads. Finally, cross sectional capacity analysis results demonstrated the method for TRC columns is acceptable for the stiffened square TRC columns.

Unified bearing capacity model of confined concrete column subjected to axial compression

To better study the behavior of confined concrete, this paper presents the basic hypothesis of uhimate equilibrium of confined concrete and the unified yield criteria of confining material. Based on the static equilibrium condition and yield criteria of components, a unified bearing capacity model of confined concrete column is proposed, and a simplified calculating equation of the model is also given. The model captures the character of confined concrete column. Effects of the confinement effect ratio, the lateral confinement ratio, unconfined concrete strength and the properties of confining material on the bearing capacity of confined concrete column are carefully considered. The model may be applicable to the calculation of bearing capacity of steel-confined concrete, concrete filled steel tube and FRP-confined concrete. The predictions of the model agree well with test data.

芯钢管连接的PVC-CFRP管混凝土柱-RC梁边节点抗裂承载力研究

为研究芯钢管连接的PVC-CFRP管混凝土柱-RC梁边节点的抗裂性能,文中以芯钢管含钢率、节点配箍率、轴压比、梁纵筋配筋率和CFRP条带间距为设计参数,对11根节点试件进行低周反复荷载试验,观察其裂缝发展过程,分析各参数对其初裂荷载的影响。试验结果表明:节点在加载过程中先后经历了初裂、通裂、峰值和破坏阶段,初裂荷载约为极限荷载的40%~50%,随着节点核心区表面斜裂缝的出现,试件荷载-位移滞回曲线逐渐偏离线性。与普通节点相比,内置芯钢管可有效提高节点的初裂荷载,同时,随着节点配箍率和轴压比增加,节点初裂荷载有所提高,芯钢管含钢率、梁纵筋配筋率以及CFRP条带间距对节点初裂荷载影响不明显。最后,基于节点核心区的受力分析,引入节点箍筋影响系数,提出节点抗裂承载力计算公式,与试验值吻合良好,此外,与目前已有节点抗裂承载力计算模型对比,文中公式更适用于芯钢管节点抗裂设计。

对称外粘钢板偏心受压RC柱N_(u)-M_(u)曲线特性及应用

采用对称配筋的偏心受压钢筋混凝土柱(RC柱),极限弯矩值Mu与极限轴力值N_(u)存在一定函数关系,据此函数关系式得到的柱N_(u)-M_(u)曲线在工程设计与加固改造中得到广泛应用。当对称配筋RC柱承载力不能满足要求时,可以在其受力方向对称配置一定厚度钢板进行加强。为研究对称外粘钢板偏心受压RC柱加固效果,首先推导出对称外粘钢板RC柱M_(u)与N_(u)函数关系式并得到其N_(u)-M_(u)曲线,然后研究了钢板厚度与强度对N_(u)-M_(u)曲线的影响,最后借助ANSYS软件研究持续静力荷载下外粘不同厚度钢板偏心受压RC柱变形与破坏特征。研究发现,对称外粘钢板RC柱的N_(u)-M_(u)曲线随着钢板厚度与强度的增大而增大。钢板厚度每增加1mm,M_(u)增大约20%,N_(u)增大约10%。根据数值模拟结果并结合对不同参考点曲线进行分析可知,对称粘贴一定厚度钢板的RC柱较未粘贴钢板的普通柱承载力明显提高,破坏程度明显降低。

反复荷载下圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱恢复力模型研究

为建立圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱的恢复力模型,对11根圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱试件进行了低周反复荷载试验研究,考虑了再生骨料取代率、配钢率及钢管径厚比等不同设计参数的影响,分析了组合柱的地震破坏形态及滞回性能。基于组合柱的力学特征及曲线形状,提出了圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱骨架曲线的三折线参数模型,采用理论推导与数据拟合的方法确定了组合柱骨架曲线的模型参数。在此基础上,给出了组合柱的滞回规则和卸载规律,构建了组合柱的恢复力模型,计算滞回曲线与试验滞回曲线吻合良好,表明该恢复力模型较好地反映了反复荷载下组合柱的受力特征点及滞回性能,可为此类组合柱的推广提供技术参考。

内置型钢增强钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱节点抗震性能研究

采用钢管对传统RC柱进行约束,形成的钢管约束钢筋混凝土(STRC)柱具有优越的承载能力和耗能性能。但在应用于框架节点设计时,节点区域仍采用普通RC柱节点构造,可能导致节点处没有钢管约束而成为薄弱点,节点处易发生破坏。针对钢管约束钢筋混凝土(STRC)柱节点抗震性能薄弱的现状,提出采用内置型钢短柱进行增强。基于ABAQUS工作平台对具有相同构造形式的节点试件建立有限元模型,将数值计算所得破坏形态、滞回曲线和型钢应力与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好,在此基础上探讨内置型钢长度和轴压比对节点抗震性能的影响。结果表明:随着内置型钢长度增加,试件的承载力、极限位移和延性均有不同程度的提升,轴压比对试件受力性能影响较小。通过进一步分析试件的破坏机制、型钢抗弯性能和耗能能力,提出满足节点抗震性能需求的内置型钢长度建议取值。

内置工字型CFRP型材高强圆钢管高强混凝土轴压短柱组合效应分析

目的 研究内置工字型CFRP型材的高强圆钢管高强混凝土短柱在轴心压力作用下三种材料的组合效应。方法 采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对其进行数值模拟,通过相关试验验证模型的准确性,并对典型构件的破坏形态、受力全过程曲线进行分析,揭示构件各组成部分之间的相互作用和工作机理,评估CFRP配置率、钢材屈服强度、混凝土抗压强度、约束效应系数对组合效应的影响。结果 在高强圆钢管高强混凝土柱中内置CFRP型材,对构件的延性及安全裕度有显著提高,并改善了高强圆钢管对高强混凝土的约束,提高了构件的组合效应。结论 CFRP配置率控制在5.9%~8.4%,约束效应系数在1.2~1.4,钢材屈服强度不大于770 MPa时,构件中三种材料组合效应最佳。

圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱水平承载力计算方法研究

通过对11个圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱进行低周反复荷载试验,分析再生粗骨料取代率、型钢截面形式、轴压比、型钢配钢率及圆钢管壁厚参数对组合柱水平承载力的影响规律;观察了组合柱的破坏形态及特征,研究了圆钢管、型钢翼缘及腹板应变的发展规律,分析了组合柱的地震破坏特征。研究表明,在水平地震作用下组合柱发生典型的压弯塑性铰破坏。在此基础上,结合现有规范提出了基于叠加原理的圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱水平承载力计算方法。计算结果表明,其水平承载力计算值与试验值吻合度较好,能较为准确地预测组合柱的水平承载力。

铅黏弹性阻尼器增强钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱节点抗震性能研究

针对钢管约束钢筋混凝土(steel tubed reinforced concrete,STRC)柱节点抗震性能薄弱的现状,提出采用改良的铅黏弹性阻尼器进行增强。基于ABAQUS工作平台对铅黏弹性阻尼器试件建立有限元模型,将数值计算所得滞回和骨架曲线、耗能性能及疲劳性能与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。在此基础上探讨了铅芯直径、铅芯布置形式及复合黏弹性体厚度比值对铅黏弹性阻尼器力学性能的影响。结果表明:相较于扇形铅黏弹性阻尼器,改良后的四边形铅黏弹性阻尼器表现出更好的力学性能;随着铅芯直径的增大,阻尼器的耗能能力指标均得到大幅提高;建议铅芯个数取2个,铅芯面积与复合黏弹性层面积比值取6%~8%,复合黏弹性体厚度比值约为0.67。建立不同布置方案的铅黏弹性阻尼器增强STRC柱节点试件模型,对其破坏形态、滞回特性和箍筋应力进行对比分析,给出合理的布置方案,为实际工程提供参考。

圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱滞回性能非线性有限元分析

基于圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱低周反复荷载试验研究,采用OpenSees软件对该组合柱进行了滞回性能数值分析,获取了组合柱的滞回曲线及抗震性能指标,并与试验结果进行了比较,验证了组合柱数值模型的合理性。在此基础上,对组合柱的滞回性能开展了参数影响分析。结果表明:再生骨料取代率从0增大到100%,组合柱的峰值荷载下降了7.78%,延性略有降低;提高再生混凝土强度、型钢强度及圆钢管强度,对于提升组合柱的承载力及刚度是有利的,但却使组合柱的脆性增大;随着轴压比的增大,组合柱的承载力呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而延性逐渐变差;型钢配钢率从5.54%增至9.99%,组合柱的峰值荷载提高了24.34%,但对于改善组合柱的延性不明显;增大钢管壁厚对组合柱的承载力和延性均是有利的。