To obtain high-quality dissimilar weld joints, the processes of metal inert gas (MIG) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding for duplex stainless steel (DSS) and low alloy steel were compared in this paper. The ...To obtain high-quality dissimilar weld joints, the processes of metal inert gas (MIG) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding for duplex stainless steel (DSS) and low alloy steel were compared in this paper. The microstructure and corrosion morphology of dissimilar weld joints were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the chemical compositions in different zones were detected by en-ergy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS); the mechanical properties were measured by microhardness test, tensile test, and impact test; the corro-sion behavior was evaluated by polarization curves. Obvious concentration gradients of Ni and Cr exist between the fusion boundary and the type II boundary, where the hardness is much higher. The impact toughness of weld metal by MIG welding is higher than that by TIG weld-ing. The corrosion current density of TIG weld metal is higher than that of MIG weld metal in a 3.5wt% NaCl solution. Galvanic corrosion happens between low alloy steel and weld metal, revealing the weakness of low alloy steel in industrial service. The quality of joints pro-duced by MIG welding is better than that by TIG welding in mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. MIG welding with the filler metal ER2009 is the suitable welding process for dissimilar metals jointing between UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel and low alloy steel in practical application.展开更多
Cold metal transfer(CMT) welding of nickel-coated Q235 steel studs with 6061 Al alloy was carried out using ER4043 as filler metal.The welding process was stable,and appearance of weld formed well without surface defe...Cold metal transfer(CMT) welding of nickel-coated Q235 steel studs with 6061 Al alloy was carried out using ER4043 as filler metal.The welding process was stable,and appearance of weld formed well without surface defect under the parameters of welding current 121 A,welding voltage 15.4 V and welding speed 6 r/min.The microstructure of filler metal was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy.The filler metal and 6061 Al alloy were fused to form fusion welding interface,the fusion zone had a good bonding without any micro defect.The steel stud did not melt and brazing interface was formed between the filler metal and steel stud.Two different reaction layers existed in the brazing interface,the Fe_2Al_5 layer about 10- 12 μm formed near the steel stud side,and the other layer was mainly composed of FeAl_3.Nickel-rich zone was formed in the root toe area of the fillet weld,which was mainly composed of Al_3Ni_2.The tensile tests showed that the maximum shearing strength of the joints was 129 MPa.The joint was brittle fractured in the intermetallic compound layer where plenty of FeAl_3 were distributed continuously.展开更多
In this work,coarse-grained 316 L stainless steels were cold rolled with a thickness reduction of^83%(CR 83%).After annealing,the behaviors of the nanostructured stainless steel samples were systematically investigate...In this work,coarse-grained 316 L stainless steels were cold rolled with a thickness reduction of^83%(CR 83%).After annealing,the behaviors of the nanostructured stainless steel samples were systematically investigated in the temperatures range of 200C–650C.It was found that with increasing annealing temperature the volume fraction of theα0-martensite first increased to reach a maximum value at 400C,then the volume fraction decreased with further increases of the annealing temperature.The yield strength was increased from 1400 MPa to 1720 MPa after annealing;this strong hardening effect in cold rolled 316 L stainless steel was mainly attributed to the increase of the volume fraction ofα0-martensite.展开更多
A galvanized steel is used to join Mg AZ31B alloy and Al A6061-T6 alloy as a joining transition layer by cold metal transfer(CMT)method.Firstly,to optimize the process variables,extensive welding tests were performed ...A galvanized steel is used to join Mg AZ31B alloy and Al A6061-T6 alloy as a joining transition layer by cold metal transfer(CMT)method.Firstly,to optimize the process variables,extensive welding tests were performed by a design of experiment method.Then,microstructures,joining mechanisms and tensile properties were characterized and analyzed.Results indicated that Mg and Al alloys can be joined by using galvanized steel as a joining transition layer and cold metal transfer welding method.The formed joint is called as a Mg–steel–Al CMT joint.By using galvanized steel transition joining layer,Mg–Al brittle intermetallics Al12Mg17 and Al3Mg2 were inhibited.The properties of Mg–steel–Al CMT joints have been improved after optimizing the welding variables.The strength of Mg–steel–Al CMT joint is comparable to those of Al–Al joint and Mg–Mg joint.The strength of Mg–steel–Al CMT joint can reach 100%that of Al–Al joint and Al–steel joint,and reach 90%that of Mg–Mg joint and Mg–steel joint.The optimized Mg–steel–Al CMT welded joint with galvanized steel transition layer is fractured at the heat affected zone of Al base metal rather than at the weld-brazed interface,due to softening of Al base metal.展开更多
Fundamental investigation of continuous drive friction welding of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) and low alloy steel (AISI 4140) is described. The emphasis is made on the influence of rotational speed on the mi...Fundamental investigation of continuous drive friction welding of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) and low alloy steel (AISI 4140) is described. The emphasis is made on the influence of rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, notch tensile strength and impact toughness of the dissimilar joints. Hardness profiles across the weld show the interface is harder than the respective parent metals. In general, maximum peak hardness is observed on the stainless steel side, while other peak hardness is on the low alloy steel side. A trough in hardness distribution in between the peaks is located on the low alloy steel side. Peak hardness on the stainless steel and low alloy steel side close to the interface increases with a decrease in rotational speed. All transverse tensile joints fractured on stainless steel side near the interface. Notch tensile strength and impact toughness increase with increase in rotational speed up to 1 500 r/min and decrease thereafter. The mechanism of influence of rotational speed for the observed trends is discussed in the torque, displacement characteristics, heat generation, microstructure, fractography and mechanical properties.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (Grant No.2011ZX05056)
文摘To obtain high-quality dissimilar weld joints, the processes of metal inert gas (MIG) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding for duplex stainless steel (DSS) and low alloy steel were compared in this paper. The microstructure and corrosion morphology of dissimilar weld joints were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the chemical compositions in different zones were detected by en-ergy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS); the mechanical properties were measured by microhardness test, tensile test, and impact test; the corro-sion behavior was evaluated by polarization curves. Obvious concentration gradients of Ni and Cr exist between the fusion boundary and the type II boundary, where the hardness is much higher. The impact toughness of weld metal by MIG welding is higher than that by TIG weld-ing. The corrosion current density of TIG weld metal is higher than that of MIG weld metal in a 3.5wt% NaCl solution. Galvanic corrosion happens between low alloy steel and weld metal, revealing the weakness of low alloy steel in industrial service. The quality of joints pro-duced by MIG welding is better than that by TIG welding in mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. MIG welding with the filler metal ER2009 is the suitable welding process for dissimilar metals jointing between UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel and low alloy steel in practical application.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20131261)
文摘Cold metal transfer(CMT) welding of nickel-coated Q235 steel studs with 6061 Al alloy was carried out using ER4043 as filler metal.The welding process was stable,and appearance of weld formed well without surface defect under the parameters of welding current 121 A,welding voltage 15.4 V and welding speed 6 r/min.The microstructure of filler metal was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy.The filler metal and 6061 Al alloy were fused to form fusion welding interface,the fusion zone had a good bonding without any micro defect.The steel stud did not melt and brazing interface was formed between the filler metal and steel stud.Two different reaction layers existed in the brazing interface,the Fe_2Al_5 layer about 10- 12 μm formed near the steel stud side,and the other layer was mainly composed of FeAl_3.Nickel-rich zone was formed in the root toe area of the fillet weld,which was mainly composed of Al_3Ni_2.The tensile tests showed that the maximum shearing strength of the joints was 129 MPa.The joint was brittle fractured in the intermetallic compound layer where plenty of FeAl_3 were distributed continuously.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0204403)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20191292)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30919011256)the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro&Nano Materials and Technology.
文摘In this work,coarse-grained 316 L stainless steels were cold rolled with a thickness reduction of^83%(CR 83%).After annealing,the behaviors of the nanostructured stainless steel samples were systematically investigated in the temperatures range of 200C–650C.It was found that with increasing annealing temperature the volume fraction of theα0-martensite first increased to reach a maximum value at 400C,then the volume fraction decreased with further increases of the annealing temperature.The yield strength was increased from 1400 MPa to 1720 MPa after annealing;this strong hardening effect in cold rolled 316 L stainless steel was mainly attributed to the increase of the volume fraction ofα0-martensite.
基金Acknowledgements The research was sponsored by Project 50905045 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology.
基金Project(51374048)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011CB013402)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(AWPT-Z01)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining,China
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51761027 and 51675255)the Foundation of Collaborative Innovation Teams in College of Gansu Province(2017C-07)Lanzhou Science and Technology Department Project(2019-1-49).
文摘A galvanized steel is used to join Mg AZ31B alloy and Al A6061-T6 alloy as a joining transition layer by cold metal transfer(CMT)method.Firstly,to optimize the process variables,extensive welding tests were performed by a design of experiment method.Then,microstructures,joining mechanisms and tensile properties were characterized and analyzed.Results indicated that Mg and Al alloys can be joined by using galvanized steel as a joining transition layer and cold metal transfer welding method.The formed joint is called as a Mg–steel–Al CMT joint.By using galvanized steel transition joining layer,Mg–Al brittle intermetallics Al12Mg17 and Al3Mg2 were inhibited.The properties of Mg–steel–Al CMT joints have been improved after optimizing the welding variables.The strength of Mg–steel–Al CMT joint is comparable to those of Al–Al joint and Mg–Mg joint.The strength of Mg–steel–Al CMT joint can reach 100%that of Al–Al joint and Al–steel joint,and reach 90%that of Mg–Mg joint and Mg–steel joint.The optimized Mg–steel–Al CMT welded joint with galvanized steel transition layer is fractured at the heat affected zone of Al base metal rather than at the weld-brazed interface,due to softening of Al base metal.
文摘Fundamental investigation of continuous drive friction welding of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) and low alloy steel (AISI 4140) is described. The emphasis is made on the influence of rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, notch tensile strength and impact toughness of the dissimilar joints. Hardness profiles across the weld show the interface is harder than the respective parent metals. In general, maximum peak hardness is observed on the stainless steel side, while other peak hardness is on the low alloy steel side. A trough in hardness distribution in between the peaks is located on the low alloy steel side. Peak hardness on the stainless steel and low alloy steel side close to the interface increases with a decrease in rotational speed. All transverse tensile joints fractured on stainless steel side near the interface. Notch tensile strength and impact toughness increase with increase in rotational speed up to 1 500 r/min and decrease thereafter. The mechanism of influence of rotational speed for the observed trends is discussed in the torque, displacement characteristics, heat generation, microstructure, fractography and mechanical properties.
基金Project(51205428) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(CDJRC10130011) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
