Research on Concrete Preparation for the Steel-concrete Composite Segment of Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge

To improve the quality of the steel-concrete composite segment of the box girder,to ensure the compactness of concrete to avoid debonding and to enhance the fatigue strength of concrete are critical to the concrete preparation for such site. Furthermore,the coordination ability to deformation between steel and concrete is also important because of great difference of the elastic modulus between them. Concrete for the steel-concrete composite segment with high fluidity,excellent crack resistance and low shrinkage was prepared by adding efficient poly-carboxylic water-reducing agent,high quality fly ash and expansion agent to it. The quality of the concrete of the half partial testing block showed that the optimal mix proportion of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete had achieved expected effect,ensured high quality,thus meeting the requirements of construction.

Adaptive Boundary and Semantic Composite Segmentation Method for Individual Objects in Aerial Images

There are two types of methods for image segmentation.One is traditional image processing methods,which are sensitive to details and boundaries,yet fail to recognize semantic information.The other is deep learning methods,which can locate and identify different objects,but boundary identifications are not accurate enough.Both of them cannot generate entire segmentation information.In order to obtain accurate edge detection and semantic information,an Adaptive Boundary and Semantic Composite Segmentation method(ABSCS)is proposed.This method can precisely semantic segment individual objects in large-size aerial images with limited GPU performances.It includes adaptively dividing and modifying the aerial images with the proposed principles and methods,using the deep learning method to semantic segment and preprocess the small divided pieces,using three traditional methods to segment and preprocess original-size aerial images,adaptively selecting traditional results tomodify the boundaries of individual objects in deep learning results,and combining the results of different objects.Individual object semantic segmentation experiments are conducted by using the AeroScapes dataset,and their results are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve more promising object boundaries than the original deep learning method.This work also demonstrates the advantages of the proposed method in applications of point cloud semantic segmentation and image inpainting.

Experimental study on seismic behaviors of steel-concrete composite frames

Steel-concrete composite frames are seeing increased use in earthquake region because of their excellent structural characteristics, including high strength, stiffness, and good ductility. However, there exist gaps in the knowledge of seismic behavior and the design provisions for these structures. In order to better understand the seismic behaviors of composite frame systems, eight steel-concrete composite frames were designed. These composite frames were composed of steel-concrete composite beams and concrete filled steel tube columns. The axial compression ratio of column, slenderness ratio and linear stiffness ratio of beam to column were selected as main design parameters. The low reversed cyclic loading tests of composite frame system were carried out. Based on test results, the seismic behaviors of composite frames such as failure mode, hysteresis curve, strength degradation, rigidity degradation, ductility and energy dissipation were studied. Known from the test phenomenon, the main cause of damage is the out-of-plane deformation of steel beam and the yielding destruction of column heel. The hysteretic loops of composite frame appear a spindle shape and no obvious pinch phenomenon. The results demonstrate that this type of composite frame has favorable seismic behaviors. Furthermore, the effects of design parameters on seismic behaviors were also discussed. The results of the experiment show that the different design parameter has different influence rule on seismic behaviors of composite frame.

Internal Force Distribution in Steel-Concrete Composite Structure for Pylon of Cable-Stayed Bridge

Adopting a steel-anchor beam and steel corbel composite structure in the anchor zone on pylon is one of the key techniques for the design of Jintang bridge, a cable-stayed bridge in Zhoushan, China. In order to ensure the safety of the steel-concrete composite structure, a stud connector model for the joint section was put forward. Experiments were conducted to obtain the relation between load and slip of specimen, the failure pattern of stud connector, the yield bearing capacity and ultimate bearing capacity of a single stud, etc. The whole process of the structural behavior of the specimen was comprehensively analyzed. The features of the internal force distribution in the steel-concrete composite structure and the strain distribution of stud connector under different loads were emphatically studied. The test results show that the stud connector is applicable for the steel-concrete composite structure for pylon of Jintang bridge. The stud has a good ductility performance and a obvious yield process before its destruction. The stud connector basically works in a state of elasticity under a load less than the yield load.

Mechanical performance of shear studs and application in steel-concrete composite beams

This work experimentally investigates the effects of shear stud characteristics on the interface slippage of steel-concrete composite push-out specimens. ABAQUS is used to establish a detailed 3D finite element(FE) model and analyze the behavior of push-out specimens. The modeling results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on parametrical analysis using the validated FE approaches, the effects of important design parameters, such as the diameter, number, length to diameter ratio, and yield strength of studs, concrete strength and steel transverse reinforcement ratio, on the load-slip relationship at the interface of composite beams are discussed. In addition, a simplified approach to model studs is developed using virtual springs with an equivalent stiffness. This approach is demonstrated to be able to predict the load-displacement response and ultimate bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite beams. The predicted results show satisfactory agreement with experimental results from the literature.

Static behavior of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints with bolted partial-depth flush end plate:experimental study

A new type of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joint has been proposed in this paper.Five semi-rigid composite beam-to-column joint specimens subjected to hogging moments under monotonic loading were tested to study the static behavior of this new type of joint.The main variable parameters for the five joint specimens were the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the joint type.The experimental results designated that the magnitude of extension of the longitudinal reinforcement is the most important factor that influenced the moment-rotation characteristic of the new type of joint.The concrete slabs could resist 3.8%-19.1% of the total shear load applied to the cross-sections near the beam-to-column connection.The edge stiffened elements,such as the flange of the lipped I-section thin-walled steel beam,were capable of having considerable inelastic deformation capacity although they had comparatively large width-to-thickness ratios.The shear failure of the concrete cantilever edge strip must be taken into account in practical design because it has significant influence on the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement in the new type of external joints.

Bending Stiffness of Truss-Reinforced Steel-Concrete Composite Beams

This paper is concerned with a special steel-concrete composite beam in which the resisting system is a truss structure whose bottom chord is made of a steel plate supporting the precast floor system. This system works in two distinct phases with two different resisting mechanisms: during the construction phase, the truss structure bears the precast floor system and the resisting system is that of a simply supported steel truss;once the concrete has hardened, the truss structure becomes the reinforcing element of a steel-concrete composite beam, where it is also in a pre-stressed condition due to the loads carried before the hardening of concrete. Within this framework, the effects of the diagonal bars on the bending stiffness of this composite beam are investigated. First, a closed-form solution for the evaluation of the equivalent bending stiffness is derived. Subsequently, the influence of geometrical and mechanical characteristics of shear reinforcement is studied. Finally, results obtained from parametric and numerical analyses are discussed.

Comparison and Selection of Arch-Rib Construction Schemes for Continuous Beam arch Composite Bridge of High Speed Railway

The paper summarizes the four different construction schemes based on engineering cases for the arch rib construction of continuous beam-arch composite bridges for high-speed railways.These methods include in-situ assembly,segmental lifting,incremental launching and longitudinal moving,and vertical rotation.The temporary structural designs,process methods,and technological equipment for each construction scheme are described in detail.The advantages and disadvantages of each scheme and its application scope under various conditions are analyzed,and opinions and suggestions for guiding the application of each scheme are proposed.The comparison and selection analyses show that the four arch rib construction schemes have certain applicability under different conditions such as bridge site status,bridge span,and construction environment.With the continuous increase of bridge span and progress of construction technological equipment,the arch rib construction technology is developing towards the overall erection direction.This leads to more obvious technical advantages of the segmental lifting method,incremental launching and longitudinal moving method,and vertical rotation method.Therefore,it is necessary to select the best construction scheme according to the construction status and technical conditions during application.

The Study of Force and the Mechanical Characteristic of Incremental Launching Construction Method on a Steel-Concrete Continuous Beam Bridge

The usage of steel-mixed composite beams is quite extensive today.During an event of constructing steel-mixed composite bridges,the incremental launching construction method is generally adopted.This paper mainly analyzes the force of incremental launching construction on a steel-concrete continuous beam bridge,the classification of incremental launching construction,the application of incremental launching construction in steel-mixed composite beams,the temporary facilities existing in incremental launching construction as well as their existing problems.Lastly,the analysis of the stress of composite beams in incremental launching construction is described by using the reference for the construction of mixed composite continuous beam bridges provided.

COMPOSITIONAL HETEROGENEITY OF ETHYLENE OXIDE-BUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE SEGMENTED COPOLYMER

A series of ethylene oxide-butylene terephthalate (EOBT) segmented copolymers with different soft segment length and hard segment content were synthesized. The compositional heterogeneity was studied by solvent extraction. The results show that the compositional heterogeneity increases when soft segment length and hard segment content increase. The compositional heterogeneity is also reflected in the crystallization behavior and morphology of soft and hard segment in EOBT segmented copolymer. The more compositional heterogeneous the EOBT segmented copolymer is, the more different the morphology and the crystallization behavior between separated fractions. Compared with ethylene oxide-ethylene terephthalate (EOET) segmented copolymer, compositional heterogeneity in EOBT segmented copolymer is weaker. But the compositional heterogeneity in EOBT segmented copolymer with long soft segment and high hard segment content is still obvious.

Research review on steel–concrete composite joint of railway hybrid girder cable-stayed bridges

Purpose–This study aims to research the development trend,research status,research results and existing problems of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the investigation and analysis of the development history,structure form,structural parameters,stress characteristics,shear connector stress state,force transmission mechanism,and fatigue performance,aiming at the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge,the development trend,research status,research results and existing problems are expounded.Findings–The shear-compression composite joint has become the main form in practice,featuring shortened length and simplified structure.The length of composite joints between 1.5 and 3.0 m has no significant effect on the stress and force transmission laws of the main girder.The reasonable thickness of the bearing plate is 40–70 mm.The calculation theory and simplified calculation formula of the overall bearing capacity,the nonuniformity and distribution laws of the shear connector,the force transferring ratio of steel and concrete components,the fatigue failure mechanism and structural parameters effects are the focus of the research study.Originality/value–This study puts forward some suggestions and prospects for the structural design and theoretical research of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.

Flexural stiffness characterization of the corrugated steel-concrete composite structure for tunnel projects

Corrugated steel–concrete(CSC)composite structures are increasingly used in tunnel and culvert projects due to their good mechanical properties.The design of CSC composite structures is often governed by deflection limits in service,hence it becomes crucial to evaluate accurately their flexural stiffness.In this work,the deflection deformation mechanism of CSC composite structure is studied by experimental and numerical methods,and a simplified formula for calculating the flexural stiffness is established.In addition,the deflection results obtained by different methods are compared and analyzed.It is found that:(1)the flexural stiffness of the CSC composite structure is constant only when the load is small,and after the bending moment exceeds a certain value,the flexural stiffness will gradually become smaller as the bending moment increases.(2)The value of the bending moment corresponding to the end of the elastic stage of the bending moment-deflection curve increases with the increase of the axial force in the composite structure.(3)As the axial force of the composite structure increases,the flexural bearing capacity of the structure increases first and then decreases.

预应力UHPC槽形节段与整体式混凝土板组合梁受剪性能

将预制的UHPC槽形节段通过干缝连接和预应力张拉形成槽形梁,再与整体现浇的混凝土板组合成的组合梁,称为预应力UHPC槽形节段与整体式混凝土板组合梁(PUCS-MCS组合梁)。它是一种能充分发挥不同材料的性能、施工方便且整体性能好的新型桥梁结构。为探究其抗剪性能,开展了9根模型梁的试验。分析了接缝数、接缝处剪力键数、剪跨比、UHPC钢纤维体积率、配箍率和纵筋率等参数对试件变形、破坏模式、抗剪承载力的影响;基于试验研究结果,提出了PUCS-MCS组合梁抗剪承载力计算方法。结果表明:PUCS-MCS组合梁均为剪压破坏,所有梁在开裂前的荷载-挠度曲线差异不大,在开裂后刚度不断下降;PUCS-MCS组合梁的抗剪承载力随接缝处剪力键数、UHPC钢纤维掺量、配箍率和纵筋率的增大而增大,随干接缝数量增加和剪跨比的增大而减小,其中影响最显著的是干接缝和剪力键,影响最小的是钢纤维掺量和配箍率,因此PUCS-MCS组合梁可不配箍筋,并可采用较低钢纤维掺量的UHPC。

大跨环形矮塔斜拉桥主塔力学性能分析

以大跨度环形矮塔斜拉桥的主塔为研究对象,借助大型有限元程序midas进行了静力及地震动时程分析,通过提取杆系模型中的最不利内力,对索塔锚固区及下塔柱钢混结合段空间应力进行分析。结果表明:1)钢塔在静力及地震工况下强度及稳定均满足要求;2)索塔锚固区及钢混结合段应力状态良好、构造细节处理较为合理。

UHPC-RC节段组合梁的抗弯性能分析

为研究低预应力度条件下,不同节段接缝的超高性能混凝土-钢筋混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete-reinforced concrete,UHPC-RC)组合梁的抗弯性能,文章基于ABAQUS有限元软件,建立UHPC-RC节段组合梁的基准有限元模型,并利用已有的试验数据验证该模型的合理性。节段接缝分别为平面干接缝、平面胶接缝、齿键干接缝和齿键胶接缝,在基准有限元模型的基础上,进一步研究节段接缝类型对组合梁抗弯性能的影响。研究发现,在四点受弯加载方式下,接缝的几何特征(平面或齿键)对组合梁的极限荷载和开裂荷载影响较小,环氧树脂胶的使用对组合梁的抗弯性能影响较大。

Parametric study on contact sensors for MASW measurement-based interfacial debonding detection for SCCS

Steel-concrete composite structures(SCCS)have been widely used as primary load-bearing components in large-scale civil infrastructures.As the basis of the co-working ability of steel plate and concrete,the bonding status plays an essential role in guaranteeing the structural performance of SCCS.Accordingly,efficient non-destructive testing(NDT)on interfacial debondings in SCCS has become a prominent research area.Multi-channel analysis of surface waves(MASW)has been validated as an effective NDT technique for interfacial debonding detection for SCCS.However,the feasibility of MASW must be validated using experimental measurements.This study establishes a high-frequency data synchronous acquisition system with 32 channels to perform comparative verification experiments in depth.First,the current sensing approaches for high-frequency vibration and stress waves are summarized.Secondly,three types of contact sensors,namely,piezoelectric lead-zirconate-titanate(PZT)patches,accelerometers,and ultrasonic transducers,are selected for MASW measurement.Then,the selection and optimization of the force hammer head are performed.Comparative experiments are carried out for the optimal selection of ultrasonic transducers,PZT patches,and accelerometers for MASW measurement.In addition,the influence of different pasting methods on the output signal of the sensor array is discussed.Experimental results indicate that optimized PZT patches,acceleration sensors,and ultrasonic transducers can provide efficient data acquisition for MASW-based non-destructive experiments.The research findings in this study lay a solid foundation for analyzing the recognition accuracy of contact MASW measurement using different sensor arrays.

TBM有压输水隧洞内张钢圈-管片-围岩组合结构联合承载力学特性分析

为探究全断面隧道岩石掘进机(tunnel boring machine,TBM)有压输水隧洞内张钢圈-管片-围岩组合结构的受荷状态,以榕江―关埠引水工程中Ⅴ类围岩TBM有压输水隧洞段为研究对象,建立内张钢圈-管片-围岩组合结构三维精细化有限元模型,研究内水压力、围岩类型对组合结构力学特性的影响。研究结果表明:采用内张钢圈加固隧洞结构能有效控制隧洞变形,减小管片拉应力及受拉区范围,提高组合结构的承载能力;内水压力作用下管片压应力、竖向变形、接缝张开度、连接螺栓应力、内张钢圈应力、锚杆应力均较无内水压力作用下有所减小,但管片拉应力和接缝错台分别增大了19.68%、39.25%,其主要原因为内水压力作用致使隧洞结构整体呈现向外膨胀,在充水运营期间应加强内水压力作用下的安全监测;在外部水土压力和内水压力共同作用下,围岩类型的改变使组合结构中连接螺栓应力、管片接缝错台、锚杆应力分别提高37.11%、15.29%、14.75%,其主要原因为围岩岩性越差承担荷载能力越弱,在围岩类型的过渡区域应进行重点监测;此外,在外部水土压力和内水压力共同作用下,组合结构中围岩、管片、内张钢圈、锚杆的荷载分担率分别为21.38%、43.08%、24.01%和11.53%,内张钢圈荷载分担率较无内水压力作用提高了34.06%,内水压力作用提高了内张钢圈分担荷载的效果;组合结构中围岩的分担率随围岩类型(Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类)的增加而减小,相同荷载下Ⅲ类围岩的荷载分担率较Ⅴ类围岩提高了16.96%。该研究成果可为类似隧洞工程的衬砌设计及后期加固措施提供理论参考。

基于X射线CT原位试验的平纹SiC_(f)/SiC压缩损伤演化机理

为揭示陶瓷基复合材料的损伤演化及失效机理,开展了平纹SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料X射线CT原位压缩试验,得到了材料加载过程中和破坏后的CT原位图像数据;采用数字体积相关(DVC)技术获得了材料的位移场和应变场,利用图像处理软件建立复合材料内部三维可视化模型,借助深度学习算法获得纤维束劈裂等损伤的空间分布,进行了压缩损伤演化定性分析以及定量分析.结果表明:在单向压缩过程中,材料在厚度方向出现较大鼓出变形,在宽度方向则发生较小的收缩;厚度方向鼓出变形是引起材料压缩损伤的主要原因.载荷较大时出现表层基体脱落、纤维束劈裂、分层等损伤;纤维束压缩弯折导致材料压缩失效,断口处出现明显V形剪切带.平纹SiC_(f)/SiC的压缩损伤演化分析表明,DVC技术和基于深度学习的图像分割方法可以有效地揭示陶瓷基复合材料压缩损伤演化机理.

直线电机高速高精运动分段式三元复合控制

针对半导体键合机XY运动平台的直线电机在高速启停运动时残余振动较大的问题,提出了一种分段式三元复合控制方法以提高直线电机的定位精度。首先,基于正弦扫频的方法建立了直线电机被控对象的高阶精确模型;其次,在直线电机的高速运动阶段采用三阶前馈控制与PID反馈控制结合的复合控制方法,实现了高动态响应;分析了高速运动状态下扰动观测器对动态性能的影响,在定位阶段引入高阶扰动观测器以抑制残余振动。实验结果表明,与传统的“前馈+反馈”复合控制方法相比,分段式三元复合控制方法在不影响直线电机动态跟踪性能的情况下,使其定位误差调整至±0.5μm所需的时间降低了89%以上,显著提高了其定位精度。

文山马鹿塘特大桥主桥设计关键技术

文山马鹿塘特大桥主桥为(63+137+480+137+63)m双塔双索面斜拉桥,大桥单侧与连拱隧道相接。主梁采用双工字形钢-混组合梁,桥面全宽32.2 m;桥塔采用钻石形混凝土塔,两岸桥塔塔高分别为247 m和254 m;斜拉索按空间双索面对称布置。整幅式桥梁桥隧顺接采用双线分离设计,避免了桥梁整体加宽或设置整体式大跨隧道,同时缩短了连拱隧道长度。为降低汽车、温度和风等荷载作用下的结构响应,在塔梁间设置了弹性刚度为12 MN/m的纵向弹性约束体系,静、动力作用下梁端位移分别下降37.4%和35.9%、桥塔塔柱底纵向弯矩分别降低19%和20%,静力作用下钢主梁应力减小约30 MPa、桥面板抗裂应力储备提高1.13 MPa。辅助墩墩顶主梁采用10 cm落梁设计,墩顶组合梁桥面板抗裂应力储备提升117.7%,且其它主体结构受力未发生显著变化。组合梁采用双节段循环施工方案,有效缩短了主梁施工工期。